Abstract: A plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process deposits an amorphous carbon layer on an ion-implanted wafer for use in dynamic surface annealing of the wafer with an intense line beam of a laser wavelength. The deposition process is carried out at a wafer temperature below the dopant clustering threshold temperature, and includes introducing the wafer into a chamber having a carbon-containing target overlying the wafer, and furnishing a carrier gas into the chamber. The process further includes generating a wafer bias voltage and applying target source power to the carbon-containing target sufficient to produce ion bombardment of the carbon-containing target. The wafer bias voltage is set to a level at which the amorphous carbon layer that is deposited has a desired extinction coefficient at the laser wavelength.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic light emitting display is capable of improving device characteristics by patterning a plurality of organic layers of an emission layer and a charge transport layer using a thermal transfer method to optimize thicknesses of the organic layers corresponding to R, G and B pixels. The method includes: forming lower electrodes of R, G and B pixels on a substrate; forming an organic layer on the layer; and forming an upper electrode on the organic layer. Formation of the organic layer includes forming a portion of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer of the R, G and B pixels over an entire surface of the substrate, the organic layer comprising a first portion and a second portion, the organic layer having a thickness equal to a sum of the thicknesses of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Formation of the organic layer further comprises patterning the second portion of the organic layer, and patterning emission layers of the R, G and B pixels.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device is provided and includes: a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer between the first and second electrodes, the photoelectric conversion layer containing a mixture of an organic photoelectric conversion dye, a fullerene or a fullerene derivative, and a fullerene polymer; various embodiments of the device, a photosensor, an imaging device, and production methods for these devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming an organic semiconductor layer comprising the steps of preparing a substrate having a groove formed on the surface, applying, to the surface of the substrate, a droplet of an organic semiconductor liquid in which an organic semiconductor material is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and drying the droplet to form the organic semiconductor layer, wherein the droplet is applied to a position of the substrate where a part of the circumference of the droplet is introduced into the groove.

Abstract: An organic layer of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device is formed by transferring a transfer layer of a donor film to aligned pixel openings in a pixel defining region of the OLED display device such that the organic layer is formed in the pixel openings. Each aligned pixel opening has a pair of long sides and a pair of short sides, and the transferring of the transfer layer is performed by applying tensile force to the donor film in a direction perpendicular to the short sides of the pixel openings.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and method of making a photovoltaic device are disclosed. The method includes laminating an organic layer onto an inorganic semiconductor layer. A first electrical contact is electrically coupled to the organic layer and a second electrical contact is coupled to the inorganic semiconductor layer. The inorganic semiconductor layer may include a second organic layer. At least one of the organic layer and the second organic layer may form a heterojunction with the inorganic semiconductor layer. The organic layer may further comprise a metal layer. At least one of the organic layer, the inorganic semiconductor layer and the metal layer may be patterned.

Abstract: A method and semiconductor device for synthesizing graphene using ion implantation of carbon. Carbon is implanted in a metal using ion implantation. After the carbon is distributed in the metal, the metal is annealed and cooled in order to precipitate the carbon from the metal to form a layer of graphene on the surface of the metal. The metal/graphene surface is then transferred to a dielectric layer in such a manner that the graphene layer is placed on top of the dielectric layer. The metal layer is then removed. Alternatively, recessed regions are patterned and etched in a dielectric layer located on a substrate. Metal is later formed in these recessed regions. Carbon is then implanted into the metal using ion implantation. The metal may then be annealed and cooled in order to precipitate the carbon from the metal to form a layer of graphene on the metal's surface.

Abstract: An electronic or electro-optic device has a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The dielectric layer has electrically insulating planar layers with intercalated ions therebetween such that the electrically insulating planar layers provide a barrier to impede movement of the intercalated ions to the first and second electrodes under an applied voltage while permitting a polarization of the dielectric layer while in operation.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) module includes a substrate, a bus line, an organic light-emitting device layer, a plurality of conductive elements, and at least one conductive wire. The bus line is configured on the substrate. The organic light-emitting device layer is configured on the substrate and electrically connected to the bus line. The conductive elements are configured on the substrate and electrically connected to the bus line. The conductive wire is configured next to the conductive elements and electrically connected to the conductive elements.

Abstract: A driving TFT for an organic light-emitting display device includes a gate electrode on a portion of a substrate, a gate insulation layer on an entire surface of the substrate including the gate electrode, a semiconductor layer on the gate insulation layer and covering the gate electrode, the semiconductor layer including an n-type impurity layer, and source and drain electrodes overlapping portions of the semiconductor layer at respective sides thereof.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes a substrate, a plurality of first and second signal lines crossing each other on the substrate, source electrodes connected to the first signal lines, drain electrodes connected to the second signal lines, pixel electrodes connected to the drain electrodes, a first partition formed on the source and drain electrodes and having a first opening, wherein a lower width of the first opening is wider than an upper width of the first opening, an organic semiconductor formed in the first opening and at least overlapping the portions of the source electrode and the drain electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the second signal line and at least overlapping the portion of the organic semiconductor.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device comprising: a semiconductor substrate; an inorganic photoelectric conversion layer provided within the semiconductor substrate; and an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided above the inorganic photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the organic photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a shadow mask method.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell comprises first and second electrode layers, an organic photoactive layer between the first and second electrode layers, and a polymeric grating structure in the first electrode layer. The first and second electrode layers are configured to collect electrical charges from the photoactive layer and to allow light to transmit through the first electrode layer to reach the photoactive layer. The grating structure is configured to provide a grating periodicity of about 100 nm to about 500 nm and grating amplitude of about 100 nm to about 500 nm. A device comprising the photovoltaic cell is disclosed. A photovoltaic cell may be formed by printing a polymer on a substrate to form a grating structure, forming a first electrode layer on the polymeric grating structure and the substrate, forming an organic photoactive layer above the first electrode layer, and forming a second electrode layer above the photoactive layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a method of manufacturing the semiconductor electrode, and a dye-sensitized solar cell having the semiconductor electrode are provided which can prevent electrons from being transported to an electrolyte from the surface of the semiconductor electrode to raise photocurrent and photovoltage and to improve an energy conversion efficiency by forming a semiconductor oxide layer on a conductive substrate, forming an organic layer in a core-shell structure thereon, and adsorbing a dye on the organic layer through the use of an electrostatic attraction.

Abstract: The disclosed invention consists of high efficiency organic solar cells (0) with a multi layer structure, consisting of cathode layer (1), organic acceptor layer (2), organic donor layer (3), conductive anode layer (4) and a substrate layer (5), where an adjustment of electronic levels of separated layers is achieved by introduction of at least one intermediate matching layer (x). In conjunction with the selection of active layer (3) consisting of cyanine dyes with appropriate counterions (e.g. hexafluorophosphate), high performance organic solar cells with long lifetimes can be fabricated with a fast and simple manufacturing method.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL display manufacturing method which has: a step wherein an organic EL panel having a substrate and organic EL elements arranged in matrix on the substrate is prepared, and each organic EL element is permitted to have a pixel electrode disposed on the substrate, an organic layer disposed on the pixel electrode, a transparent counter electrode disposed on the organic layer, a sealing layer disposed on the transparent counter electrode, and a color filter disposed on the sealing layer; a step of detecting a defective portion on the organic layer in the organic EL element; and a step of breaking the transparent counter electrode in a region on the defective portion of the transparent counter electrode by irradiating the region on the defective portion with a laser beam. The laser beam is radiated by being tilted with respect to the normal line on the display surface of the organic EL panel.

Abstract: There is disclosed squaraine compounds of formula I: wherein each of Y1 and Y2 is independently chosen from an optionally substituted amino group and an optionally substituted aryl group. Also described are organic optoelectronic devices comprising a Donor-Acceptor heterojunction that is formed from one or more of the squaraine compounds. A method of making the disclosed device, which may include one or more sublimation step for depositing said squaraine compound, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells that include coal-based dye materials and methods of manufacturing such solar cells are disclosed.

Abstract: A merocyanine dye is provided. The merocyanine dye is represented by formula (1). In the formula (1), A1 represents a divalent atomic group, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, A2 and A3 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and R11 and R12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to photosensitive optoelectronic devices comprising a compound blocking layer located between an acceptor material and a cathode, the compound blocking layer comprising: at least one electron conducting material, and at least one wide-gap electron conducting exciton blocking layer. For example, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) and 1,4,5,8-napthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) function as electron conducting and exciton blocking layers when interposed between the acceptor layer and cathode. Both materials serve as efficient electron conductors, leading to a fill factor as high as 0.70. By using an NTCDA/PTCBI compound blocking layer structure increased power conversion efficiency is achieved, compared to an analogous device using a conventional blocking layers shown to conduct electrons via damage-induced midgap states.

Abstract: A hybrid photovoltaic cell comprising a composite substrate of a nanotube or nanorod array of metal oxide infiltrated with a monomer precursor and subsequently polymerized in situ via UV irradiation. In an embodiment, the photovoltaic cell comprises an electron accepting TiO2 nanotube array infiltrated with a photo-sensitive electron donating conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer may be formed in situ through UV irradiation polymerizing a monomer precursor such as 2,5-diiodothiophene (DIT).

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices comprising organic photoconductive materials, which comprise singlet fission host materials doped with triplet forming materials. There is also disclosed devices made from such materials, such as an organic photovoltaic cell, a photoconductor cell, a photodetector, organic photosensors, chemical sensors, and biological sensors. Methods of fabricating such devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate of a first conductive type having at least one via hole; an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite to the first conductive type; and at least one first electrode positioned from a first surface of the substrate to the at least one via hole, and at least one first electrode current collector positioned from the at least one via hole to a second surface of the substrate, wherein the at least one via hole has a radius of about 10 ?m to about 40 ?m, and at least one of a portion of the at least one first electrode and a portion of the at least one electrode current collector, in the at least one via hole, includes at least one cavity.

Abstract: The OLED display device includes a first stack and a second stack that are separated from each other between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, with a charge generation layer sandwiched between the first stack and the second stack, each of the first stack and the second stack having an emission layer. The first stack includes a blue emission layer formed between the anode electrode and the CGL. The second stack includes a fluorescent green emission layer and a phosphorescent red emission layer formed between the cathode electrode and the CGL. The blue emission layer includes one of a fluorescent blue emission layer and a phosphorescent blue emission layer.

Abstract: Nanostructured layers with 10 nm to 50 nm pores spaced 10-50 nm apart, a method for making such nanostructured layers, optoelectronic devices having such nanostructured layers and uses for such nanostructured layers are disclosed. The nanostructured layer can be formed using precursor sol, which generally includes one or more covalent metal complexes, one or more surfactants, a solvent, one or more optional condensation inhibitors, and (optionally) water. Evaporating the solvent from the precursor sol forms a surfactant-templated film. Covalently crosslinking the surfactant-templated film forms a nanostructured porous layer. Pore size is controlled, e.g., by appropriate solvent concentration, choice of surfactant, use of chelating agents, use of swelling agents or combinations of these.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion device comprising an electrically conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent electrically conductive film, wherein said photoelectric conversion film contains a crystallized fullerene or fullerene derivative, and said crystallized fullerene or fullerene derivative is oriented in the (111) direction perpendicularly to the film surface of said electrically conductive film.

Abstract: An organic photovoltaic cell comprising: an operative part containing a pair of electrodes and an active layer that is located between the pair of electrodes and containing an organic compound; and a sealing layer covering at least a part of the operative part, in which the sealing layer contains a substance having an oxygen absorption property and/or a water absorption property has excellent photovoltaic efficiency.

Abstract: A solid-state p-n heterojunction comprising an organic p-type material in contact with an n-type material wherein said n-type material is surface-sensitised by at least two sensitizing agents comprising an energy donor sensitizing agent and an energy acceptor sensitizing agent and optionally at least one intermediate sensitizing agent, wherein the emission spectrum of the donor sensitizing agent overlaps with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor sensitizing agent and/or at least one intermediate sensitizing agent where present, and the emission spectrum of at least one intermediate sensitizing agent where present overlaps with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor sensitizing agent and wherein the acceptor sensitizing agent individually has a maximum Absorbed Photon to electron Conversion Efficiency of no less than 40% in an equivalent heterojunction when used as sole sensitizing agent.

Abstract: An organic EL display panel includes pixels and an interlayer insulation film on a thin film transistor layer. The interlayer insulation film includes contact holes which each correspond to one of the pixels. A bank is a grid that defines apertures. One of the contact holes is beneath each of the apertures. A first organic light-emitting layer is disposed in each of the apertures that corresponds to one of the pixels of a first color. A second organic light-emitting layer is disposed in each of the apertures that corresponds to one of the pixels of a second color. In each of the apertures in which one of the first and second organic light-emitting layers is disposed, a contact hole region is above the contact hole. A first-material layer comprising a same material as the first organic light-emitting layer and a second-material layer comprising a same material as the second organic light-emitting layer are superimposed in each contact hole region.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide a method of manufacturing an organic thin film solar cell comprising forming, on a first electrode, a first transport layer having an uneven pattern and a photoelectric conversion layer provided on a surface of the uneven pattern, forming a second transport layer on a second electrode, and bringing the uneven pattern having the photoelectric conversion layer is formed thereon into contact with the second transport layer to mold the second transport layer.

Abstract: Provided is a hole-blocking layer which has excellent basic characteristics such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, while exhibiting excellent productivity. The hole-blocking layer is produced by a process that has a step of bringing an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and titanium (IV) oxysulfate into contact with the surface of a member on which the hole-blocking layer is to be formed, and holding the contact between the aqueous solution and the member at 50 to 120° C., so that an amorphous titanium oxide precursor precipitates on the surface of the member; and a step of drying the amorphous titanium oxide precursor that has precipitated on the member.

Abstract: In various embodiments, fiber photovoltaic devices are described in the present disclosure. The fiber photovoltaic devices include an optical filament, a first electrode coating the optical filament, a continuous semiconductive layer deposited above the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer deposited above the continuous semiconductive layer. The first electrode layer is at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation. The continuous semiconductive layer is in electrical contact with the first electrode layer. The continuous semiconductive layer absorbs electromagnetic radiation and turns the electromagnetic radiation into an electrical signal. The continuous semiconductive layer includes at least two semiconductive materials that are substantially unmixed and are located in separate regions along the longitudinal axis of the fiber photovoltaic device. The second electrode layer is in electrical contact with the continuous semiconductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optoelectronic memory device, the method for manufacturing and evaluating the same. The optoelectronic memory device according to the present invention includes a substrate, an insulation layer, an active layer, source electrode and drain electrode. The substrate includes a gate, and the insulation layer is formed on the substrate. The active layer is formed on the insulation layer, and more particularly, the active layer is formed of a composite material comprising conjugated conductive polymers and quantum dots. Moreover, both of the source and the drain are formed on the insulation layer, and electrically connected to the active layer.

Abstract: An organic photo-detecting field-effect device is presented, the device comprising a first layer comprising an organic semi-conducting material, the first layer acting as an accumulation layer and as a charge transport layer for a first type of charge carriers, and a second layer comprising a second material, the second layer acting as a an accumulation layer for a second type of charge carriers. Charges collected in the second layer influence the charge transport in the first layer. The second material may be an organic semi-conducting material or a metal. At the interface between the first layer and the second layer a heterojunction is formed in the case of an organic semi-conducting second material, and a Schottky barrier is formed in the case of a metal second material, giving rise to an efficient exciton splitting. Different geometries and operation modes facilitating the removal of the collected photo-generated charge carriers during the reset period of the device are presented.

Abstract: Provided are a newly developed dye-sensitizing type photoelectric conversion element employing a highly durable sensitizing dye, exhibiting high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and a solar cell fitted with the photoelectric conversion element. Also disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element comprising a compound represented by Formula (1) between a pair of facing electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a solar cell having a multi-layered structure that is used to generate, transport, and collect electric charges. The multi-layered nanostructure comprises a cathode, a conducting metal layer, a photo-active layer, a hole-transport layer, and an anode. The photo-active layer comprises a tree-like nanostructure array and a conjugate polymer filler. The tree-like nanostructure array is used as an electron acceptor while the conjugate polymer filler is as an electron donor. The tree-like nanostructure array comprises a trunk part and a branch part. The trunk part is formed in-situ on the surface of the conducting metal layer and is used to provide a long straight transport pathway to transport electrons. The large contact area between the branch part and the conjugate polymer filler provides electron-hole separation.

Abstract: An organic photovoltaic cell including an anode, a cathode, and an organic active layer provided between the anode and the cathode and formed by using a solution containing a first p-type semiconductor material, an n-type semiconductor material and a solvent, wherein a difference between a solubility parameter of the first p-type semiconductor material and a solubility parameter of the solvent is from 2.9 to 6.5, and a difference between a solubility parameter of the n-type semiconductor material and the solubility parameter of the solvent is from 0 to 5. The organic photovoltaic cell of the present invention has high photovoltaic efficiency.

Abstract: Provided herein are embodiments of a three-dimensional bicontinuous heterostructure, a method of producing same, and the application of this structure. The three-dimensional bicontinuous heterostructure includes two interpenetrating layers which are spatially continuous, include only protrusions or peninsulas, and have no islands. The method of producing the three-dimensional bicontinuous heterostructure includes forming an essentially planar continuous bottom layer of a first material; forming a layer of this first material on top of the bottom layer that is textured to produce protrusions for subsequent interpenetration with a second material, coating this second material onto this structure, and forming a coating with the second material that ensures that only the second material is contacted by subsequent layer. One of the materials includes visible and/or infrared-absorbing semiconducting quantum dot nanoparticles, and one of materials is a hole conductor and the other is an electron conductor.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element having a pair of electrodes, and a semiconductor layer comprising a semiconductor carrying a dye and an electrolyte layer is disclosed.

Abstract: Solar cells having active layers that include poly(3-alkylthiophene) nanowires.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device according to the present invention includes, between a pair of electrodes, an electron donor layer having an interdigitated shape in cross section comprising a stripe-like part in cross section and a base, a plurality of strip-like parts in cross section extending in a direction intersecting electrode main surfaces being formed at intervals in the stripe-like part in cross section; and an electron acceptor layer having an interdigitated shape in cross section comprising a stripe-like part in cross section and a base, a plurality of strip-like parts in cross section extending in a direction intersecting the electrode main surfaces being formed at intervals in the stripe-like part in cross section, the photoelectric conversion device further including an active layer in which the plurality of strip-like parts in cross section of the electron donor layer and the plurality of strip-like parts in cross section of the electron acceptor layer are alternately joined.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy, more particularly a dye solar cell (112). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (116), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises silver in oxidized form.

Abstract: A coaxial molecular stack (10) for transferring photocurrent generation in a device such as a solar cell (14) is disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of macrocyclic ?-conjugated planar molecules stackable through columnar self assembly to form a stack (10) having an axial channel (26) with an outer p-channel (22) of the nano-composite coaxial molecular stack (10). A plurality of C60 molecules are positioned coaxially within the axial channel of the stack (10) to form an inner n-channel (24) that forms a bulk heterojunction with the p-channel (22) to provide charge transport of photocurrent through the nano-composite coaxial molecular stack (10). A plurality of the stacks (16) are oriented orthogonally between first (18) and second electrodes (20) to form the device (14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an organic electronic device, comprising providing by electro-deposition an electrode to a surface of an electro-active material—the electro-active material comprising an organic electro-active compound—or providing said electrode to a surface of a substrate for said electro-active material, after which the electro-active material is applied to a surface of the electrode, wherein the electro-deposition comprises the use of a plating liquid comprising an ionic liquid and metal or metalloid ions which metal or metalloid ions are reduced and deposited to form the electrode.

Abstract: Methods of transferring a metal and/or organic layer from a patterned stamp, preferably a soft, elastomeric stamp, to a substrate are provided. The patterned metal or organic layer may be used for example, in a wide range of electronic devices. The present methods are particularly suitable for nanoscale patterning of organic electronic components.

Abstract: An electronic device includes at least a substrate, an area on the substrate which has to be protected against moisture and/or oxygen, at least one contact, and an encapsulation layer system including at least a first inorganic layer. The at least one contact extends from the sealed area to a part of the substrate not sealed by the encapsulation layer system. The contact includes a shunt, which is an interruption bridged by an electrically conductive bridge. The first inorganic layer of the encapsulation system is applied so that it is in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive bridge. The bridge has a structure and shape which can be sealingly covered by the encapsulation layer system and is made from a material through which no moisture and/or oxygen can penetrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an image sensor including forming a microlens array over a color filter array, forming a capping layer over the semiconductor substrate including the microlens array, forming a pad mask over the capping layer, and then exposing a pad in an interlayer dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for forming an organic semiconductor thin film includes the steps of forming a mixed ink layer on a principal plane of a printing plate, the mixed ink layer including a mixture of an organic semiconductor material incapable of transcription and an organic material capable of transcription from the printing plate to a substrate in ink form dissolved in a solvent, and forming an organic semiconductor thin film by transcribing the mixed ink layer onto the substrate by transcribing the mixed ink layer on the printing plate to the substrate.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes a substrate, a plurality of first and second signal lines crossing each other on the substrate, source electrodes connected to the first signal lines, drain electrodes connected to the second signal lines, pixel electrodes connected to the drain electrodes, a first partition formed on the source and drain electrodes and having a first opening, wherein a lower width of the first opening is wider than an upper width of the first opening, an organic semiconductor formed in the first opening and at least overlapping the portions of the source electrode and the drain electrode, and a gate electrode connected to the second signal line and at least overlapping the portion of the organic semiconductor.

Abstract: An organic thin film transistor substrate includes a gate line formed on a substrate, a data line intersecting the gate line and defining a subpixel area, an organic thin film transistor including a gate electrode connected to the gate line, a source electrode connected to the data line, a drain electrode facing the source electrode, and an organic semiconductor layer forming a channel between the source and drain electrodes, a passivation layer parallel with the gate line, for covering the organic semiconductor layer and peripheral regions of the organic semiconductor layer, and a bank insulating layer for determining the position of the organic semiconductor layer and the passivation layer.