Abstract: Disclosed is a structural material having a wire lattice configuration. The structural material can manufactured by first weaving a continuous wire filament on a loom assembly. Once woven into arrays of parallel wires, the filament is fixed in position and cut into segments. The segments are then placed in a rig. The rig positions the segments at relative angles so as to form a matrix or mesh. In the final step of the manufacturing process, the wires are welded together using, for example, a forge press. Alternatively, the material can be formed by first holding wire segments in a pair of rigs and then sequentially welding the wire segments together. The structural material of the invention can be used alone or layered to form a multilaminate material.

Abstract: Hollow metal profile having a substantially U-shaped cross-section includes a supporting wall, to which is connected a first side wall and a second side wall substantially at right angles thereto. The first side wall forms in its central area a U-shaped part extending parallel to the supporting wall in a direction of the second side wall. The side walls, in each case equidistantly of the supporting wall, pass into first and second reinforcing walls directed towards one another and parallel to the supporting wall. Portions of the supporting wall and the second reinforcing wall which is connected to the second side wall each carries a fixing lug directed towards one another and which, together with the second side wall define two U-shaped recesses.

Abstract: A refractory system for a reactor for producing carbon black. The system comprises a plurality of refractory bricks having an elongate axis arranged to provide at least one path through which a gas can flow. The path extends substantially perpendicular to the elongate axis and a plurality of the refractory bricks present a cross-sectional aspect to the gas How which decreases, in the downstream direction, from a maximum aspect to reduce dead regions in gas flow adjacent the refractory bricks.

Abstract: A rectangular reinforcing cage is provided for a cast concrete structure having longitudinal registration tubes at each corner of the cage. An outer reinforcing cage surrounds the registration tubes and a coaxial inner reinforcing cage is supported from the outer cage by a plurality of spacers. Each reinforcing cage has a pair of facing C-shaped mats having straight mats overlapping and connected to the bent ends of the "C" to complete each reinforcing cage. Each end of the C-shaped mats have a smoothly curved transition bend joining a portion perpendicular to the main portion of the mat. Each mat has a layer of longitudinal wires connected to a layer of transverse wires. The longitudinal wires being more closely spaced near the end of each mat than in the remainder of the mat with no longitudinal wires in the transition bend of each C-shaped mat. The longitudinal wires are positioned inside each C-shaped mat and outside each straight mat when a reinforcing cage is assembled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grid floor for a cattle stable. This floor comprises a grid formed by a number of mutually parallel supported beams with interspaces and a receiving surface arranged under the grid with a passage opening. The surface of the receiving surface is smooth and transporting means are arranged which are movable over the receiving surface and to the passage opening.

Abstract: Metal studs to replace vertical wood studs for use in the framing of walls of partitions. The ends of the metal studs are configured to allow convenient and rapid use by carpenters in the same manner that wood studs are used in assembling the frame for partitions, walls or sections thereof, and without any need for additional training of or new tools for the carpenters. The unique configuration having a flange or leg on both ends of only one side of the metal studs, allowing the interior surface of the flanges to conveniently interconnect with the respective vertical surface of the top (ceiling) and bottom (floor) wood plates. Each end of the central portion of the stud has a flange to interface with the exposed horizontal surface of top and bottom wood plates. This unique configuration allows the metal studs to be attached conveniently and inexpensively, by nailing to the top and bottom wood plates.

Abstract: A tile application backing material is disclosed having as an object thereof to greatly simplify tile allocation, positioning, and affixing and the like, and to strongly affix tiles and backing material to a laying surface; in order to achieve this object, this tile application backing material is formed with a plurality of frame members disposed extending along sides of tiles having a polygonal shape, said frame members being connected at mutual points of intersection; these frame members comprise a base portion which is in contact with a laying surface and dividing plate portions which are disposed thereabove. By means of this, after allocation has been determined by means of this backing material, in a state in which this backing material is temporarily attached to a laying surface to which tiles are to be applied, adhesive is allowed to flow into a plurality of regions demarcated by means of the dividing plate portions and by means of the inlaying of tiles, tile application is easily accomplished.

Abstract: An agricultural implement designed for distributing anhydrous ammonia by laterally spaced applicator knives includes an elongated wagon hitch frame which has a forward end pivotally mounted to a forward section of the implement frame and a rear end which carries a drawbar and hitch clevis for a trailing wagon carrying a tank of anhydrous ammonia. As the implement is raised, the rear end of the wagon hitch frame drops away from the implement frame so that the height of the wagon hitch above the ground remains substantially constant and the implement hitch section and wagon tongue remain in line. The break-away coupler for the main hose from the anhydrous tank to the implement is provided with a swing arm to facilitate disconnection of the main hose even when the anhydrous wagon is sharply angled. In the case of a larger implement, having right and left pivoting wings, the frames of the wing sections are strengthened with efficient use of upper and lower laterally spaced channel stiffeners.

Abstract: A generally rectangular wire grid of welded construction is utilized to define and maintain the positioning of rebar charged therethrough during the formation of structural column and girder cages. Pre-positioned ties guide the rebar through the grid. The pre-positioned ties are then tightened such that the rebar is held firmly in place at the close tolerance positions defined by the prefabricated grid. A plurality of such grids are assembled into expandable bundles such that they may be expanded in an accordion-like fashion about rebar charged therethrough, resulting in properly spaced grids for defining and maintaining the position of the rebar. Additional rebar members may then be charged therethrough to complete the construction of a column or girder cage. The modular reinforcement cages of the present invention thus eliminate piecemeal engineering requirements by providing modular building concepts in which a unique rebar bundle pattern facilitates improved containment.

Abstract: A deck floor system for use in constructing a patio deck consists of a series of individual modules, each secured as a unit to the floor joists. Each module is constructed of a series of side-by-side floor members. The floor members are secured together into the module by threaded fasteners, which extend through spacers located between each floor member.

Abstract: An improved gutter screen, and the combination of such a screen with a roof and gutter upon which it is mounted, in which the screen is of flexible, open-mesh construction, having spaced, flow-directing ribs extending in directions parallel with the slope of the roof and transverse flow-interrupting bars extending between the ribs. Together the flow-directing ribs and the flow-interrupting bars define a multiplicity of small, generally rectangular apertures, with the ribs being of a height substantially greater than that of the bars. The screen includes on its underside an underrib, parallel to the bars and the length of the gutter, to break up the surface tension of water flowing along the underside and direct the water into the gutter.

Abstract: An improved gutter screen, and the combination of such a screen with a roof and gutter upon which it is mounted, in which the screen is of flexible, open-mesh construction, having spaced, flow-directing ribs extending in directions parallel with the slope of the roof and transverse flow-interrupting bars extending between the ribs. Together the flow-directing ribs and the flow-interrupting bars define a multiplicity of small, generally rectangular apertures, with the ribs being of a height substantially greater than that of the bars. In a preferred installation, the screen curves gradually over the trough of a gutter with the upper portion of the screen conforming to the slope of the roof and the lower edge portion of the screen assuming a more horizontal condition along its attachment to the outer edge of the gutter.

Abstract: A security grating of the type comprising an openwork grid is described. It comprises horizontal bars and vertical rods. The rods pass through openings in the bars. At the each intersection between a bar and rod, a set of tabs locks the bars against movement relative to the rod. A method is described for making these rods from common, rolled round rod stock. A four element punch is employed to displace, or swage, the rod material outwardly to form the tabs in an economical manner.

Abstract: Domed and cylindrical shell structures of interwoven lightweight strips of metal or other lightweight materials, and method of constructing such shell structures. Several weaving patterns are disclosed which provide requisite flexibility of woven strips to enable the weave to be formed into a desired configuration such as a domed roof or a cylindrical silo. These shells have high strength-to-weight ratios and inherently attenuate seismic vibrations to provide protection against earthquakes. The strips are interwoven on a flat surface at ground level and then hoisted into place. Modules of portions of the shell can be prefabricated and joined to other like modules at the job site to form the complete shell.

Abstract: A textile reinforced structural component including: a structural component body made of a structural filler; first parallel textile elements; second parallel textile elements crossing the first parallel textile elements at first crossing portions, each of the first textile elements and the second textile elements including at least one row of first textiles and a first resin matrix, made of a first resin, for bonding the first textiles; and an attaching mechanism for attaching the first reinforcement elements and the second reinforcement elements at corresponding first crossing portions to form a grid member. The attaching means includes the first resin. The first and the second reinforcement elements are impregnated with the first resin before attachment thereof, and the grid member is embedded in the structural component body.

Abstract: A panel for a raised floor of a clean room, such as for a semiconductor manufacturing facility, comprises tubes (2) whose open ends (3) are slipped over respective spacers (4) of spacer bars (5), providing cross-connection and support for said tubes (2). No welding or adhesives are needed. The size of the panel can be conveniently changed or adapted in the plant or in the field.

Abstract: Spaced elongated ribs each having a tapered end and a concave end are assembled together by means of elongated, spaced members inserted through respective spaced openings in each rib. The tapered ends of the ribs are attached to a common sheet of material which may be inserted underneath roofing shingles to position the entire assembly over a gutter to provide assistance to propel leaves, pine straw and other debris to the edge of the gutter but at the same time preventing the debris from entering the gutter while allowing the water to drain into the gutter. A continuous front member may be provided with clips for attachment to the edge of the gutter or may be omitted.

Abstract: A modular system of rectangular pavers which can be laid down across a grass area to support foot or vehicle traffic while permitting grass to grow through apertures in the pavers. Each paver is made up of a base plate having a rectangular grid of upstanding walls secured thereto. An aperture is provided through the base plate within each grid cell. The maximum distance between opposite walls in each cell is about one inch. Typically, the pavers will have thicknesses of up to about one inch. The base plates extend slightly beyond the edge of the grid on two sides, with the grid extending the same distance beyond the base plate on the other two sides so that a plurality of pavers can be assembled in a contiguous overlapping relationship. Abutting pavers may be secured together, such as by staples. To hold the assembly in place, anchoring spikes are provided having a rectangular head corresponding to the interior area of the bottom of each cell and an elongated, pointed shaft.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved rain disperser system of the type in which an assembly includes a plurality of longitudinally extending plate-like members and a plurality of transversely mounted spacer members for maintaining the plate-like members a predetermined distance apart. The assembly is mounted proximate to the edge of a roof by a suitable bracket. The spaced apart, plate-like member assembly disperses rain water flowing down a roof into fine droplets, thus avoiding the need to install roof gutters and, at the same time, preventing corrosive damage to the ground below by otherwise unimpeded run-off water. In accordance with the present invention, a new spacer element is provided for the disperser system which includes tab-like members integrally extending from the body of the spacer element for mounting the spacer elements to the plate-like members. The tabs may be inserted through openings in the plate-like members and orbitally riveted thereto.

Abstract: Grating used as a floor element in a stable and comprising bars arranged side by side and interconnected by transverse joints whereby a plurality of bars are equipped with a profile rising or lowering the bars at one or more places at substantially equal distances from the bar ends or at such a distance that the profile has a continuous pattern.

Abstract: A modular reinforcing grid for reinforcing and supporting a bed of mortar on a supporting surface. The grid is made up of thin strips positioned on edge and arranged to define openings of geometric shape. Mounting posts form junctions between adjacent strips to provide uniform depth to the grid. The exposed edges of the strips and the upper surfaces of the mounting posts lie in approximately the same plane to provide a grid for floating the mortar to a uniform depth. The grid is molded in uniform sizes and shapes with interlocking edges to provide continuous reinforcement and support for the mortar bed.

Abstract: A plank grating assembly for forming decking, flooring or subflooring. Longitudinal metal planks have flanges on each side edge and trapezoidal openings in each flange. The planks are rigidly connected and supported by cross braces each having an inverted V shaped configuration. Each brace is slotted at both ends. The braces can be inserted through the openings in the plank flanges and then rotated to an assembled position in which the edges of adjacent openings are closely received in the slots of the braces.

Abstract: A flexible terminal point, specially for lattice work constructions comprising a tube formed terminal means (5), which is secured to one of the bars (1), and which at its one end (7) receives the other bar (3) in a manner which allows limited flexibility. Through the tubelike terminal means (5) runs one or several tie-rods, by which the terminal means (5) is attached to the other bar, and by which the terminal means can be pretensioned, whereby load changes in the other bar (3) only to a lesser degree cause strain changes in the tie-rod (15) while the major part of the loads in the other bar (3) is taken up by the tube-like terminal means (5) which is set under compression forces. Coupling between terminal means (5) and the movable bar (3) is effected by means of a bearing socket via a rubber pad (13) or spherical surfaces in the terminal means (5) and movable bar (3).

Abstract: A rollable grating includes tubes of anodized aluminum alloy, assembled through the agency of fasteners, each of which includes two portions, surrounding each bend of one of the tubes to be assembled. The two fastener portions are connected to each other via a connection bar.

Abstract: A guard grid is used as protection in a ventilating shaft and similar passageways in structures with a considerable wall thickness, and the guard grid is particularly useful in nuclear power stations. In the passageway direction, the guard grid is divided into a number of grid-like members one following the other. The grid-like member on the outside of the structure has crossbars extending between opposite sides of the passageway and spacer bars extending perpendicularly to the crossbars. The crossbars and spacer bars form a honeycomb-like structure with a dimension in the direction of the passageway equal at least to the dimension of the spacer bars extending transversely of the passageway direction.

Abstract: A grid mat consists of longitudinal (L) and transverse (Q) wires welded to one another, in which at least some transverse wires project beyond the longitudinal edge wires and are bent back to these in the form of loops (S).For the purpose of space-saving stacking of the grid mats in the same way and with the same devices as used for grid mats with perfectly straight longitudinal and transverse wires, at each mat edge at least the curved parts of the loops (S) formed by the ends of the transverse wires are angled or curved out of the plane of the transverse wires (Q) so far in the direction of the plane of the longitudinal wires (L) that the arches of the loops lie between these two planes.

Abstract: A grating (1) is composed of a series of transversal elements (2) which each have a central hole (11) and, at each end and on each surface, a planar surface (5) for abutting an adjacent transversal element. These elements are clamped one against the other by a central crosspiece (3) traversing their central holes. During the passage of rolling loads, the surfaces (5) slide one on the other to ensure at least four effective seat points for the grating, preventing its rocking.

Abstract: A reinforcing strip for a concrete coating for oil or gas pipes consists of wires (1) welded together to form four-sided meshes (2) inclined to the length of the strip, and a straight selvedge wire (4) welded thereto to form along only one edge of the strip triangular meshes (6) incapable of being elongated by tension applied in a pipe coating and winding machine. The four-sided meshes (3) may be diamond-shaped with longer diagonals (7) longitudinal or transverse, or they may be squares. Welded mesh may be used or zig-zag wires welded to each other at adjacent peaks (9) and troughs (10) which may be interengaged or merely overlapped, and the zig-zags may extend longitudinally or transversely.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an energy absorbing structure for a vehicle comprises the steps of (a) winding a continuous resin wetted filament around a number of attachment points at the opposite ends of a jig to form an array of parallel strands, (b) displacing and tensioning the strands by means of first cross bars substantially at right angles to the strands, (c) winding a second array of parallel strands between the attachment points over said first cross bars, (d) displacing said second array onto said first array by means of second cross bars lying parallel and in between the first cross bars, (e) laying a third array of strands over said first and second cross bars and between said attachment points, and (f) curing the structure. The structure may then be fixed to the interior of a vehicle door panel.

Abstract: A piggery comprises a water-cooled metal ceiling, said piggery being run by making the cooling of the metal ceiling and of the air carried into the piggery through openings in the ceiling, dependent primarily of automatical sluicing devices and secondarily controlled by temperature and relative moisture in the piggery in such a manner that the flow of cooling water, which is completely or partially introduced through water nozzles over the metal ceiling, is increased when the automatical sluicing devices are worked or the temperature in the piggery is too high, whereby optimum conditions for the interior climate of the piggery are obtained with the least possible draft.

Abstract: A reinforced asphalt layer, consisting of an asphalt-forming mixture of bitumen with mineral particles, in which is embedded a reinforcing network of elongated reinforcing elements which, where they intersect one another, have a connection to one another which at least to a certain degree fixes the cross-bond, in which the reinforcing elements at least locally have a cross-section of maximum linear dimension of the order of the particle size, and a shape such as to exhibit a change of direction longitudinally from location to location of their engagement of the surrounding material of the layer, the arrangement being such that in a finished, rolled asphalt layer the reinforcing elements have adjusted locally to the mineral particles by deformation, on the one hand, and the reinforcing network has largely retained its elasticity, on the other.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous production of fiber reinforced plastic grating articles is provided wherein continuous strands of fibers are coated with a thermosetting plastic resin material and woven into a grate pattern defined by upper and lower molding teeth arranged on continuous upper and lowr molding tracks. The molding tracks rotate and cause the molding teeth to mesh, forming a molding cavity, wherein heat is applied to set the plastic resin. The fiber reinforced plastic grating articles formed by this process and apparatus have a unique cross-sectional configuration and arrangement of fibers providing for increased strength and reduced resin usage.

Abstract: An improved construction is provided for slotted, waste draining floors such as commonly employed in livestock enclosures. The apparatus employs spaced, parallel, elongate assemblies, which are preferably formed of metal extruded in generally "T" shaped cross-sectional configuration (or in generally "pi" shaped cross-sectional configuration for heavier loads) to present a slotted floor, in combination with slotted waste collection and drainage pipes, which are preferably formed by longitudinal cutting of ordinary plastic pipe, within the chambers between the assemblies. The assemblies and pipes may be made to any desired length, and the modular nature of the construction permits forming a floor of any desired width.

Abstract: A grating plate includes a succession of opposed symmetrical pyramids having arms connected at their tops with wax-drop shaped reinforcing elements. Fixing means are provided on the sides for connecting a plurality of grating plates together.

Abstract: A system for protecting an enclosed space from the effects of above- and below-normal temperatures comprises means defining an enclosed space including at least one relatively large opening, a screen-like cover over said opening containing numerous smaller openings which have been closed over with a water-removable composition comprising a water soluble, heat transfer resistant organic polymeric coating.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a slatted floor system comprises a plurality of elongated, spaced, generally parallel slats. Each slat has a top, load-carrying surface with spaced apart, opposite outer edges; a bottom surface substantially parallel to the top surface; and a pair of side surfaces integral with the top surface and the bottom surface. The side surfaces are joined with the top surface along lines recessed from the outer edges of the top surface. The side surfaces further taper toward each other in first portions, adjacent the top surface, then extend substantially parallel to each other and vertically relative to the bottom surface in second portions, thereby forming with the top and bottom surfaces a generally Y-shaped, enclosed main compartment.

Abstract: A modular structure for supporting weight loads and traffic in extensively used turfgrass areas comprising a plurality of identical modules having open cells defined by vertical wall portions and a bottom wall. The modules are disposed in laterally adjacent interengaging interlocked relation to form the modular structure which is imbedded in the turfgrass area to a depth slightly less than the height of the module cells so that the upper edge portions of the cell side walls extend into the turfgrass to support and bear the weight and wear of traffic passing over the area.

Abstract: A lattice portion of elastomeric material comprises a generally rectangular framework for sealing at least one cladding panel in a building construction. The lattice portions have at least one member protruding from each corner of the rectangle and being an extension of a side of the rectangle. The lattice portions are preformed, assembled on a structure of a building and joined together to form a continuous lattice by forming junctions between adjacent lattice portions or between lattice portions and intermediate spacing which may connect the lattice portions. The completed lattice is attached to the building and cladding panels inserted into the lattice.

Abstract: A sheet metal wall stud having a shape and dimensions corresponding substantially to wood studs and a cross-sectional configuration providing for rigidity and dimensional stability. A wall system employing such a stud wherein top and bottom plates of conventional lumber are employed and a strip of particle board is interposed between the ends of the metal stud and the surfaces of the plates. The ends of the stud are formed to penetrate the surface of the particle board to afford positional stability for the stud and the stud is provided with nailing extensions to attach the stud at its ends to the top and bottom plates. Wood blocks installed at the ends of the stud transmit the bearing force between the plates and the stud, and the stud is provided with improved knock-outs for the passage of utility lines therethrough. Improved nails for securing wall panels, such as gypsum board, to the studs are provided.

Abstract: A cable rack for supporting multi-cable runs constructed to obtain desired length and width using unitary rack assemblies. The unitary rack assemblies have left and right tubular side stringers and a plurality of tubular cross straps all having accessible open ends. Unitary rack assemblies may be attached end to end by insertion of connecting bars into the ends of the abutting side stringers. Unitary rack assemblies may be assembled side by side for providing a wide cable rack by utilizing cross-over members having attachment means at each end for securing to parallel unitary rack assemblies. Cross-over members provide for either staggered or aligned cross-straps in the unitary rack assembly. A wide cable rack may be provided by inverting a unitary rack assembly, placing it between two spaced parallel unitary rack assemblies, and attaching the side stringers of adjacent unitary rack assemblies.

Abstract: Polygon shaped barrels of different size can be readily assembled from conventional end plates of appropriate diameter, and conventional support members connect the end plates to one another to define rectangular openings. Panels, which can be readily cut to size along predetermined lines are placed in these openings. The largest barrel size utilizes panels which need not be cut, whereas proportionately smaller barrels are made up from panels cut to predetermined, somewhat smaller, sizes. Each panel includes an outer portion having relatively wide generally longitudinally extending ribs, and intersecting cross ribs, to define relatively large rectangular openings. The inner portion of each panel has smaller openings defined by partitions molded integrally to this one-piece, "one-size" panel.