Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal-free cyclopentadienide compound which, in conjunction with a metallocene, is able to form a catalyst system that can be used for the polymerization of olefins. It is thus possible to dispense with the use of methylaluminoxane (MAO) or boron-containing compounds as co-catalyst and nevertheless achieve a high degree of catalytic activity. The invention relates also to a process for the preparation of the metal-free cyclopentadienide compound and to the use thereof as a catalyst component in the preparation of polyolefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to iodonium salts containing urethane groups of reduced crystallization tendency, to a process for their preparation, and to their use for the radiation curing of cationically curing compositions.

Abstract: A chemical amplifying type positive resist composition which provides a resist pattern having an exceedingly improved line edge roughness, and is excellent in various resist performances such as dry etching resistance, sensitivity and resolution; and comprises:

Abstract: To manufacture sulphurated products derived from olefin(s) by sulphurization using sulphur and hydrogen sulphide, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a solid acid catalyst and of a solid basic catalyst.

Abstract: Described is a 2-mercapto-2-methyl-pentan-1-ol compound, which is especially useful as fragrance or flavor compound. For the production of 2-mercapto-2-methyl-pentan-1-ol, 2,3-epithio-2-methyl-pentan-1-ol can be reduced. The described compound can provide foodstuffs an interesting, gustatory and fragrant note.

Abstract: Described are compounds of the general formula A where R2=CH3, C2H5, C3H7 (n, iso) or C4H9 (n, iso, tert) and R2=CH3, C2H5, C3H7 (n, iso) or C4H9 (n, iso, tert) which are especially useful as fragrance or flavor materials. The 3-mercapto-2-alkyl-alkanals of the general formula A in which X—CHO are formed by reaction of the corresponding 2-alkyl-2-alkenals with hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to new, energy-efficient photoinitiators in the form of organic sulfur-containing compounds. The present invention is also directed to a method of generating reactive species which includes exposing one or more photoinitiators to radiation to form one or more reactive species. Also described are methods of polymerizing unsaturated monomers, methods of curing an unsaturated oligomer/monomer mixture, and methods of laminating using the photoinitiators of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sulfonium salt, including its manufacturing method, which is effectively used as a photoacid initiator or radical photoinitiator during polymerization and a photoacid generator, leaving the protection groups of organic compounds, especially as an useful photoacid generator of the chemically amplified photoresist employed in semiconductor materials. Since the sulfonium salt of this invention, so prepared via one-step reaction between sulfoxide compound and aromatic compound in the presence of perfluoroalkanesulfonic anhydride, has the advantages in that by overcoming some shortcomings of the prior art to prepare the sulfonium salt via two steps using Grinard reagent, this invention may provide a novel sulfonium salt with higher yield which cannot be achieved in the prior art and also to prepare even any conventional sulfonium salt having better yield.

Abstract: Cationic polymerization initiators of formula ##STR1## are disclosed. The acyl sulfonium salts of the present invention differ from known acyl sulfonium initiators in that the substituents R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 on the sulfur are larger and more complex than the lower alkyl and lower alkylene of known photoinitiators. Processes for the synthesis of the novel acyl sulfonium salts and prepolymer compositions containing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Lipid prodrugs of phosphonoacids and their analogs that have increased antiviral activity over the parent drugs in inhibiting cytomegalovirus and other susceptible viruses.

Abstract: Novel cyanophosphorus compounds are disclosed. The preparation, purification, and characterization of dicyanophosphinate, cyanopolyphosphates, tricyanocyclotriphosphonate and tetracyanocyclotetraphosphate are presented.

Abstract: The novel cyanophosphonate compounds of the present invention include cyanophosphonate salts, cyanophosphonate monoacid salts, cyanophosphonate monoacid esters, cyanophosphonate monoester salts and cyanophosphonate methylester salts.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyanophosphonate derivatives involves contacting phosphoric anhydride (P.sub.4 O.sub.10) and a cyanide, preferably in the presence of a Lewis base, in a reaction mixture under sufficient conditions to produce a cyanophosphonate derivative. The cyanophosphonate derivative can be subsequently hydrogenated to produce an aminomethylphosphonate derivative.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing disulfides and sulfhydryl compounds which are useful pharmaceuticals. The process includes a two step, single pot process for preparing disulfides from an alkenyl sulfonate salt. The disulfides are useful as toxicity mitigating agents of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as certain platinum complexes, and as use therapeutic drugs for a variety of conditions in mammals.The two step process involves first the conversion of the starting reagent to a mercaptane sulfonate, then an oxidation to the desired disulfide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to sulfonium salt-containing compounds represented by a following general formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or halogen, n is any of 0, 1, 2 or 3, however, each of R.sub.1 may be different from the others when n is 2 or more, R.sub.2 is alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, hydroxy, alkoxy containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aromatic carbonyloxy, and R.sub.7 is alkyl containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a group represented by a following formula; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A process for transforming a carbonyl compound into its corresponding epoxide, which comprises contacting the carbonyl compound with either trimethylsulphonium hydrogen sulphate and/or bis(trimethylsulphonium) sulphate or trimethylsulphoxonium hydrogen sulphate and/or bis(trimethylsulphoxonium) sulphate, in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Sulphur-containing substances are derived from mono- or polyethylenic hydrocarbons by sulphurization using elemental sulphur in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and in the presence of water and/or at least one alkyleneglycol.The sulphur-containing substances, which may contain 20% to 70% by weight of sulphur, are generally soluble in lubricants to improve antiwear and extreme pressure properties. They can also be used as sulphurization agents, in particular for preparing catalysts for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: Lipid prodrugs of phosphonoacids and their analogs that have increased antiviral activity over the parent drugs in inhibiting cytomegalovirus and other susceptible viruses.

Abstract: Sulphur-containing substances are derived from mono- or polyethylenic hydrocarbons by sulphurization using elemental sulphur in the presence of at least one alkali or alkaline-earth metal hydroxide and at least one glycol or polyglycol, or glycol or polyglycol monoether and/or water. Sulphur-containing substances, which may contain 20% to 70% by weight of sulphur, are generally soluble in lubricants to improve antiwear and extreme pressure properties. They can also be used as sulphurization agents, in particular for preparing catalysts for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: A process for transforming a carbonyl compound into its corresponding epoxide, which comprises contacting the carbonyl compound with either trimethylsulphonium hydrogen sulphate and/or bis(trimethylsulphonium) sulphate or trimethylsulphoxonium hydrogen sulphate and/or bis(trimethylsulphoxonium) sulphate, in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to disulfonyl methane compounds for the control of parasites in vertebrate animals.

Abstract: A borane-sulfide represented by the formulaBH.sub.3.SR.sup.1 R.sup.2wherein B is boron, H is hydrogen, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each are straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy with at least one R being a branched chain when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl, and S is sulfur. The compounds are hydroboration agents.

Abstract: The composition of the present invention is excellent in compatibility, transparency and curability and give a cured coat of excellent gloss and of less smell, and cured products of excellent properties can be obtained by curing the composition.The present invention relates to an onium salt represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Ar is a mono- to tetra-valent aromatic group, X is a bisphenylsulfonio group which may have a substituent, a is 1-4, b is 0 or 1-3, a+b is 1-4, n is 1-4, and Z is a halide represented by the following formula (3): ##STR2## where M is a boron atom, a phosphorus atom, an arsenic atom or an antimony atom, Q is a halogen atom, m is 3-6, l is 0 or 1, and m+l is 4-6; a photopolymerization initiator containing the onium salt as an active ingredient; an energy ray-curable composition containing the initiator; and a cured product.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel chiral 1,4-diol cyclic sulfates and their use as precursors in the preparation of chiral phospholane ligands, and chiral complexes useful as catalysts for carrying out enantioselective reactions.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a nonmagnetic substrate and at least one ferromagnetic metal layer applied thereon and a protective layer formed on this metal layer and consisting of a compound which consists of an unfluorinated or partially fluorinated alkyl radical and a disulfide, hydroxyl or keto group.

Abstract: An aromatic compound (such as benzene) is alkylated with a alkene (such as propylene) by contacting the two compounds together in the presence of a tungsten on zirconia catalyst. The reaction preferably takes place at elevated temperature and elevated pressure. The process of the invention has very high selectivity and conversion, and produces no or only very low amounts of undesirable oligomers (as measured by bromine number).

Abstract: Olefin polysulfide compositions of high sulfur content and of very low chlorine content are obtained by a process comprising the steps of: (1) reacting sulfur mono- and/or dichloride with at least one aliphatic monoolefin of 2-12 carbon atoms, to form an addition product or "adduct", (2) reacting hydrogen sulfide with an alkali hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide dissolved in at least one substantially anhydrous C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 aliphatic monoalcohol, with optional addition of elemental sulfur, (3) contacting said "adduct" together with at least one monohalogenated hydrocarbon compound, with the alcoholic solution obtained at the end of step (2), (4) heating the resultant mixture from step (3), removing the monoalcohol, while adding water, and (5) after settling and removal of the aqueous phase, recovering the organic phase formed at least in major part of the desired olefin polysulfide composition. These compositions, of sulfur content up to 65% by weight and of chlorine content generally lower than about 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to C.sub.14 to C.sub.20 alkoxy monophenyl sulfonium salt initiators having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.14 to C.sub.20 alkyl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 alkyl and X.sup.- is a non-basic, nonnucleophilic anion, which initiators are employed in the polymerization of mono- and poly- functional glycidyl ethers, alpha-olefin oxides and vinyl monomers or oligomers.

Abstract: Sulfonium salts of the formulae I to IV ##STR1## in which A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, phenyl, phenoxy, alkoxycarbonyl having 1-4 C atoms in the alkoxy radical or acyl having 1-12 C atoms, Ar, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2, independently of one another, are each unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted phenyl, or naphthyl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted each arylene is an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted phenylene or unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted naphthylene and Q.sup..crclbar. is SbF.sub.6.sup.-, AsF.sub.6.sup.- or SbF.sub.5 OH.sup.- are valuable curing agents and curing accelerators in the heat-curing of cationically polymerizable compounds, preferably epoxy resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new and useful nucleside thiophosphoramidite, polynucleotide dithioate phosphoramidite and polynucleotide phosphorothioamidate phosphoramidite compounds as well as the process whereby these compounds can be used for synthesizing new monoucleotides and polynucleotides having phosphorodithioate, phosphorothioamidate, phosphorothiotriesters and phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages.

Abstract: Sulfonium salts of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are aliphatic and/or aromatic radicals which may contain heteroatoms, or two of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are bonded to one another to form a ring, with the proviso that one or more of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 contain one or more acid-cleavable groups, or one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is bonded to one or more further sulfonium salt radicals, if desired via acid-cleavable groups, and X.sup..crclbar. is a non-nucleophilic counter-ion, are suitable as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization.

Abstract: A process for producing an over-based sulfurized alkaline earth metal phenate type detergent, which comprises reacting a phenol and a dihydric alcohol with an alkaline earth metal reagent to carry out a metal addition reaction, and reacting sulfur therewith to carry out a sulfurization reaction, and then reacting carbon dioxide therewith to carry out a carbon dioxide treatment, characterized in that the metal addition reaction and the sulfurization reaction are carried out under pressure and closed conditions. The sulfurization reaction may be carried out simultaneously with the metal addition reaction, or, alternatively, with the carbon dioxide treatment after the metal addition reaction. Furthermore, the sulfurization reaction may be carried out between the metal addition reaction and the carbon dioxide treatment.

Abstract: An herbicide compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy, nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl, or R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are oxo;R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n --wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing sulfonium compounds represented by the general formula (III) which comprises reacting alkylthiophenol derivatives represented by the general formula (I) and dialkyl sulfate represented by the general formula (II).General Formula (I): ##STR1## General Formula (II): (R.sup.2).sub.2 SO.sub.

Abstract: Sulfur derivatives of unsaturated oligomers formed from alpha-olefins of 2 to 20 carbon atoms which oligomer has a branch ratio of less than 0.19.

Abstract: Process for preparing one or more hetero-atoms containing hydrocarbons by contacting one or more hydrocarbons with a plasma-generated system derived from a source containing hydrogen atoms(s) and at least one hetero-atom in which process the plasma-generated system in contacted with the hydrocarbon(s) in liquid for and/or in gaseous form under conditions which allow absorption of heat released during the process of preparing said hetero-atom(s) containing hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Sulfonium salts of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a fused aromatic radical; R.sub.1 is a divalent organic bridge; each R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 individually is an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or substituted aryl, provided thatn not more than one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is alkyl; and A is a non-nucleophilic anion; use thereof and preparation thereof.

Abstract: Difluoromethylene compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CF.sub.2 --(A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2).sub.n --A.sup.4 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein and Q is --CO--, --O-- or --S--, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula ##STR2## wherein ring a is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl; wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent selected from halogeno, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, and alkylsulphonyl or each is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substituent; wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkyl; wherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 is carbamoyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkenyl, halogenoalkynyl, alkanoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl or aroyl; or wherein R.sup.

Abstract: Sulfurized propylene based lube olefin derivatives are superior lubricating fluids with internal synergistic multifunctional extreme pressure/antiwear and antioxidant properties as well as multifunctional extreme pressure/antiwear additives for both mineral and synthetic lubricating oils as well as fuels.

Abstract: Sulfurized olefins such as isobutylene which are soluble in hydrotreated oils are prepared by reacting a basic, aqueous alcoholic solution of sodium sulfide with an adduct formed by adding olefin to sulfur monochloride at low temperatures until the mole ratio of olefin to sulfur monochloride is between about 1.7-1.9 to 1.

Abstract: Sulfurized olefins are produced by reacting sulfur monochloride with a monoolefin (e.g. isobutene) in the presence of minor amounts of an active Lewis acid (e.g. ferric chloride) to form an adduct, reacting the adduct with sulfur and sodium sulfide in an aqueous alkanol made at a ratio of 0.02-0.4 gram atom of sulfur per gram mole of sodium sulfide and then recovering the reaction product. Olefin polysulfides obtained by this method are soluble in both mineral and synthetic lubricating oils (including those of the polyalphaolefin type) and are usable as extreme pressure additives when incorporated into such lubricating oils.

Abstract: Compositions of olefin polysulfides having an increased solubility in mineral oils and in synthetic oils, particularly of the hydrogenated polyalphaolefin (P.A.O.) type, are disclosed.They are prepared more particularly by reacting a sulfur monochloride with a monoolefin (e.g. isobutene) so as to form an addition product, called an adduct, which is then reacted with an alkali metal or ammonium polysulfide, obtained, for example, by reacting a mercaptan with an alkali hydroxide or ammonia in the presence of elemental sulfur. These compositions of olefin polysulfides can be used as extreme-pressure additives in gear-oils or in metal-working oils.

Abstract: The disclosed polysulfided olefin compositions can be used in particular as extreme-pressure additives for lubricants. They are prepared by a process comprising the steps of:(1) reacting sulfur monochloride and/or dichloride with at least one monoolefin having 2 to 5 carbon atoms (generally isobutene) to form an "adduct"; (2) contacting said "adduct" jointly with an unsaturated monohalogenated hydrocarbon compound, in a proportion corresponding to a number of halogen gram-atoms from about 1 to 70% of the number of halogen gram-atoms of the assembly "monohalogenated hydrocarbon compound+adduct", with a sulfur compound (e.g. alkaline sulfide, hydrogenosulfide or polysulfide) and, mostly, element sulfur, in a proportion of 0 to 7 gram-atoms per mole of sulfur compound, within an aqueous or hydroalcoholic medium; (3) heating the mixture and, after settling in 2 phases, separating the organic phase containing the polysulfided olefin, and (4) optionally treating the obtained product with a base.

Abstract: Olefin mixtures containing vinyl, vinylidene and internal olefins are upgraded in value by removing the vinylidene olefin content and lowering the internal olefin content by selective reaction with a sulfur halide such as S.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 followed by reaction with aqueous alkali metal hydrosulfide and optionally alkali metal sulfide. The reaction mixture is distilled to remove mainly vinyl and a reduced amount of internal olefins. The distillation residue is an effective extreme pressure additive for lubricating oil.

Abstract: The process for preparing novel polymers by the reaction of a bicyclic amide acetal with sulfur at a temperature in the range of from about 25.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. is described.

Abstract: A sulfurized composition prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of at least one terpene and at least one other olefinic compound is described. More particularly, sulfurized compositions prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of pine oil and at least one other olefinic compound are described. Such sulfurized compositions are useful as lubricant additive compositions, and more particularly, as additive compositions in industrial and gear lubricants. The compositions when added to lubricants provide lubricants which exhibit improved antioxidant characteristics, nitrile seal compatibility and acceptable color characteristics.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of olefin polysulfides that can be used in particular as extreme pressure additives for lubricants is described. This method comprises: (1) reacting sulfur monochloride or dichloride with at least one mono-olefin containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms (in general isobutene) resulting in the formation of an adduct; (2) bringing into contact said adduct, conjointly with a hydrocarbyl halide, with a sulfur compound (for example, alkaline sulfides, hydrosulfides or polysulfides) and, in most cases, elemental sulfur, in an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic medium; (3) heating the mixture and, after it has settled into two phases, separating the organic phase containing the olefin polysulfide; and if necessary (4) treating the product obtained with a base.The olefin polysulfides obtained contain a high proportion of sulfur, have a satisfactory viscosity and are sufficiently soluble in mineral oils as well as synthetic oils to be used as extreme pressure additives in the formulation of gear oils.

Abstract: A sulfurized composition prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of at least one terpene and at least one other olefinic compound is described. More particularly, sulfurized compositions prepared by sulfurizing a mixture of pine oil and at least one other olefinic compound are described. Such sulfurized compositions are useful as lubricant additive compositions, and more particularly, as additive compositions in industrial and gear lubricants. The compositions when added to lubricants provide lubricants which exhibit improved antioxidant characteristics, nitrile seal compatibility and acceptable color characteristics.

Abstract: A sulfurized olefin of improved solubility in lubricating oil is made by reacting sulfur monochloride with a monoolefin (e.g. isobutylene) to form an adduct which is reacted with sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, sulfur and alkyl mercaptan (e.g. tert-butyl mercaptan) in an aqueous alcohol reaction medium.