Abstract: Phenol derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B have the same or different meanings and each represent one of the groups --C.tbd.C--, cis--CH.dbd.CH-- or trans--CH.dbd.CH--, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl or phenyl group or a cycloalkyl group, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, acetyl or propionyl, R.sub.4 has the same meaning as R.sub.3 or represents an alkyl group, R.sub.5 is a carboxylic or a hydroxy group or a functional derivative of such groups or R.sub.5 is a nitrile group and R.sub.6 is hydrogen, an alkyl group or the group OR.sub.4 which specifically inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and are useful in pharmaceutical compositions for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases due to the action of leukotrienes. The compounds are prepared by reacting suitable acetylene compounds or metal derivatives thereof with alkyl or aryl halides or by means of Wittig reactions optionally followed by transforming the member R.sub.

Abstract: Fluorine-containing aromatic derivatives are produced by the reaction of di(haloacyl)peroxide represented by the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein X stands for a fluorine, chlorine, or hydrogen atom and n for an integer of the value of 1 to 10) with aromatic unsaturated monomers represented by the general formula: ##STR2## (wherein Y stands for hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, acetyl, propionyl, acetyloxy, propionyloxy, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, vinyl, isopropenyl, or nitro group, or a halogen atom, R.sup.1 for hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl group, R.sup.2 for hydrogen atom, methyl or phenyl group, and m for an integer of the value of 1 to 5).

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy group and Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a formyl group, an ethylene-dioxymethyl group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group or a group of either one of the formulas: --CH.dbd.N--OR.sup.1, --COOR.sup.2, --CONH--R.sup.2 and --CH(OR.sup.3).sub.2 in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkynyl group, a halo(C.sub.3 -C.sub.5)alkynyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group substituted with a phenyl group or a cyano group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl group or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkynyl group and R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Electron-rich aromatic compounds are selectively brominated in good yield in the presence of water using potassium tribromide as the brominating agent. In this way monobromination is favored and dibromination is suppressed as compared to the use of elemental bromine as the brominating agent.

Abstract: Ruthenium-cobalt- or cobalt-containing catalysts which have been promoted with phosphonites or phosphinites effectively catalyze the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of these phosphonite- or phosphinite-promoted cobalt or ruthenium- cobalt catalysts to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol. In a like manner acetaldehyde may be converted to the corresponding propylene glycol monoether. The process may advantageously be carried out with high yields and selectivities in the presence of a polar or non-polar organic solvent in combination with the catalyst system of this invention.The invention is also directed to the phosphonite- or phosphonite-promoted cobalt and ruthenium-cobalt catalyst system per se.

Abstract: The invention provides novel arylalkene compounds of formula I, a process for their preparation and their use as intermediates for insecticidal compounds, comprising, ##STR1## wherein W represents 1 to 4 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy and alkoxyalkyl, or W represents a bidentate alkylene or alkylenedioxy group linking adjacent carbon atoms, X represents fluoroalkyl, and Y is selected from chlorine, bromine and alkoxy; and a process for preparing said ethers. The compounds of formula I are prepared by reacting a ketone of formula: ##STR2## with a phosphonium salt of formula Hal.sup.- (Q).sub.3 P.sup.+ -CH.sub.2 -Y, where Hal.sup.- represents a halide ion and Q represents alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom and Y is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyloxy group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkynyloxy group, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 alkenyl group substituted with phenyl, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyloxy group substituted with halogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy group substituted with one member selected from the group consisting of halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanoyl, cyano, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylaminocarbonyl and phenyl, or a group of the formula: --CH.sub.2 O--R.sup.1, --CH.dbd.CH--R.sup.2, --CH.dbd.N--R.sup.3 or --CO--R.sup.4 in which R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyl group or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkynyl group, R.sup.2 is a cyano group, a methoxycarbonyl group or an acetyl group, R.sup.3 is a dimethylamino group or a phenyl group and R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: An ether compound represented by the following general formula (I), its produciton method and an insecticidal and/or acaricidal composition containing it as an active ingredient: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen or halogen atom or a lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower alkoxyl, lower haloalkoxyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkenyloxyl group, or represent, taken together, methylenedioxy, lower alkylene, ethyleneoxy or lower alkylethyleneoxy group; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom; R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower alkoxyl or lower haloalkoxyl group; m represents an integer of 1 or 2; Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom or a group represented by the formula --CH.sub.2 -- or --NH--; and Z represents a nitrogen atom or a group represented by the formula --CH.dbd., and its starting materials.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted or unsubstituted trifluoroethoxy- or trifluoroethylthiobenzenes by reaction of a phenol or thiophenol, both of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, with a compound of the formula CF.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --O--R', where R' is a moiety selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetyl, methanesulfonyl, paratoluenesulfonyl, trichloromethanesulfonyl and chlorosulfonyl, in the presence of a strong alkaline base and a complexing agent of the formula:N--CHR.sub.1 --CHR.sub.2 --O--(CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 --O).sub.n --R.sub.5 ].sub.3 (II)wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10 (0 is less than or equal to n is less than or equal to 10), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl moiety having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.5 denotes an alkyl or cycloalkyl moiety having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl moiety or a moiety of the formula: --C.sub.m H.sub.2m --C.sub.6 H.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making an enantiomer or racemic mixture of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salt of a compound wherein R is hydrogen; X is hydrogen, halo, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, and the wavy lines represent the .alpha. or .beta. configuration with the proviso that when one wavy line is .alpha. the other is .beta.; novel intermediates useful for preparing these compounds; and processes for making the intermediates.

Abstract: Alkyl-, aryl- or alkylaryl-alkoxy halides are prepared by reacting the corresponding alcohol, phenol or alkyl phenol with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide in the presence of an amine catalyst to form an alkoxy alcohol, and directly reacting the latter with a halogenating agent in the continuing presence of the amine catalyst.Neutralization of the product and/or catalyst removal from the first stage is no longer necessary and reaction rates and yields are increased in the second stage.

Abstract: Phenol derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B have the same or different meanings and each represent one of the groups --C.tbd.C--, cis--CH.dbd.CH-- or trans--CH.dbd.CH--, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl or phenyl group or a cycloalkyl group, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, acetyl or propionyl, R.sub.4 has the same meaning as R.sub.3 or represents an alkyl group, R.sub.5 is a carboxylic or a hydroxy group or a functional derivative of such groups or R.sub.5 is a nitrile group and R.sub.6 is hydrogen, an alkyl group or the group OR.sub.4 which specifically inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and are useful in pharmaceutical compositions for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases due to the action of leukotrienes. The compounds are prepared by reacting suitable acetylene compounds or metal derivatives thereof with alkyl or aryl halides or by means of Wittig reactions optionally followed by transforming the member R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds containing a difluoromethylene group in a position .alpha. to an oxygen atom. An alcohol or a phenol is brought into contact with trifluoroacetic acid or a halide or anhydride thereof in anhydrous liquid hydrofluoric acid, in the presence of boron trifluoride, in a quantity such that the absolute pressure of boron trifluoride is at least about one bar. The compounds obtained according to the invention are used as synthesis intermediates in the pharmaceutical, plant-protection, and dye industries, as anesthetics and as additives for lubricating oils.

Abstract: Ring opened halogenated Resorcyclic Acid Lactone (RAL) derivatives having the structure: ##STR1## are used to increase rumen fermentation efficiency.

Abstract: New substituted benzyl-type ethers of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is aryl or aryl substituted by C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, halo-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.2-4 -alkenyl, halo-C.sub.2-4 -alkenyl, phenyl-C.sub.2-4 -alkenyl, C.sub.2-4 -alkynyl, halo-C.sub.2-4 -alkynyl, phenyl-C.sub.2-4 -alkynyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, halo-C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, phenyl-C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, C.sub.2-4 -alkenyloxy, halo-C.sub.2-4 -alkenyloxy, phenyl-C.sub.2-4 -alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-4 -alkynyloxy, halo-C.sub.2-4 -alkynyloxy, phenyl-C.sub.2-4 -alkynyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, haloalkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy, halo, cyano, nitro, aryloxy, haloaryloxy, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl-aryloxy, or nitroaryloxy,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl,R.sub.3 is hydrogen, cyano or ethynyl,R.sub.4 is phenyl or pyridyl or one of these groups substituted by one or more of C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, halo-C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl interrupted by an O--, N-- or S-- atom, C.sub.2-4 -alkenyl, halo-C.sub.2-4 -alkenyl, phenyl-C.

Abstract: Compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an ether protecting group useful as intermediates.

Abstract: 4-Acylresorcinol ethers of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl, R.sub.2 is fluorinated lower alkyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or halogen, alk is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical which is uninterrupted or interrupted by oxygen, one of the radicals R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 is a group of the formula --NH--C(.dbd.O)--R.sub.8, a radical R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 which differs from this is a radical R.sub.9 and a radical R.sub.7 which differs from this is a radical R.sub.10, R.sub.6 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, carboxyl which is free, esterified or amidated, cyano or lower alkanoyl, R.sub.8 is carboxyl which is free, esterified or amidated or 5-tetrazolyl, R.sub.9 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen or trifluoromethyl and R.sub.10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano or carboxyl which is free, esterified or amidated, and their salts have antiallergic and antiinflammatory properties.

Abstract: The cobalt carbonyl catalyst R.sup.5 CCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.9, desirably with Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12, wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen; alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-5 lower alkyl; cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl; cycloalkenyl, such as cyclohexenyl or cyclooctenyl; C.sub.1-12 alkoxy, such as methoxy or propoxy; aryl or alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, alkoxy-, halo-, or cyano-substituted aryl; cyano; or a silyl carbyne moiety of the formula R.sub.3.sup.6 Si, wherein R.sup.6 is alkyl or aryl, effectively catalyzes the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas; i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this catalyst system to form the corresponding ethylene glycol monomethyl ether.The novel catalyst combination of R.sup.5 CCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.9 and Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 is likewise claimed herein.

Abstract: Substituted styrenes are prepared by treatment on N-acyl-B-phenethylamines with bases and removal by distillation of the styrene which is formed during the reaction.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of the antiarrhythmic agent 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-(2-piperidylmethyl)-benzamide.

Abstract: This process relates to the preparation of unsubstituted or substituted bis-bromoalkyl ethers by reacting unsubstituted or substituted 1,3-dioxolane or unsubstituted or substituted 1,3-dioxane with thionyl bromide. The bis-bromoalkyl ethers made by this process can be used in preparing biologically active compounds.

Abstract: A process for the chlorination of aromatic derivatives. The aromatic derivative is reacted with chlorine gas in liquid hydrofluoric acid. The products obtained are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of compounds having a plant-protecting or pharmaceutical activity.

Abstract: The ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl metal cluster catalyst Co.sub.2 Ru(CO).sub.11 effectively catalyzes the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this ruthenium-cobalt cluster catalyst to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A catechol derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## The compounds of this invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment for various allergic diseases, ischemic heart diseases and inflammations caused by slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), since the compounds inhibit very potently the formation and release of SRS-A.

Abstract: Phenoxytriazolyl ketones and carbinols of the formula ##STR1## in which A represents the keto group or the CH(OH) grouping andR represents hydrogen, alkenyl, alkinyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkenyl, alkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted benzyl or optionally substituted phenoxymethyl,or addition products thereof with acids or metal salts, which possess fungicidal activity.

Abstract: Novel 1-aryloxy-4-amino-2-butanols of the formulaArO--CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NR.sup.1 R.sup.2wherein AR is 1-naphythyl, 2-naphthyl, indene-4(or 5-)yl, 3-(or 5-)chloro-2-pyridyl, phenyl, monosubstituted phenyl or di-substituted phenyl, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl, adamantyl or lower-cycloalkyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the adjacent nitrogen form a heterocyclic residue and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof having local anesthetic, beta-adrenergic blocking, antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic properties are disclosed. The compounds are prepared by reacting novel 1-aryloxy-4-chloro-2-butanols with amines. Methods for the preparation of the novel 1-aryloxy-4-chloro-2-butanol intermediates are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to new 1,1-diphenylpropan-1-ol derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, trihalomethyl, alkyl having from one to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy having from one to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 is halogen, trihalomethyl, alkyl having from one to 5 carbon atoms or alkoxy having from one to 5 carbon atoms,R.sub.4 is phenyl optionally substituted by one or more identical or different substituents selected from the group of halogen, trihalomethyl, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyl, carboxyl or substituted carboxyl; dialkylaminocarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl containing from one to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl and alkoxy moieties, respectively,n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.According to another aspect of the invention there are provided processes for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of ether-containing chlorides by reacting an ether-alcohol, ether-glycol or ether-polyglycol with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of a quaternary ammonium salt, the reaction being conducted at a temperature of about 25.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C.

Abstract: An olefin, especially an activated olefin, is arylated by reaction with an arylamine, such as an aniline, in an inert polar organic solvent and in the presence of an alkyl nitrite, a hydrogen halide, and a catalytic amount of a copper catalyst having the copper in an oxidation state below +2.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds which contain perfluorinated side-chains bonded via a heteroatom are prepared by treating aromatic compounds, which contain side-chains which are perhalogenated, but only partially fluorinated, and bonded via heteroatom, with a catalyst capable of transferring halogen atoms.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxyl- or thiol-containing compounds are methylated by contacting with methyl trichloroacetate at elevated temperatures in the presence of an initiator.

Abstract: Convenient intermediates for preparing 3-substituted-2-hydroxypropyl aryl ether .beta.-blockers, a reaction to the intermediates of the following formula and a conversion to obtain the said .beta.-blockers are disclosed. ##STR1## (wherein X is hydrogen or halogen; Y is halogen, hydroxy, lower acyloxy, amino, lower alkylamino, lower aralkylamino, lower acylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkyleneamino, N-lower alkyl-N-lower aralkylamino, di-lower acylamino, N-lower alkyl-N-lower acylamino or N-tri-lower alkylsilylamino;one of P and R combined together with Q represents lower alkylene or alkenylene optionally interrupted by O, N or S and optionally substituted by lower alkyl, lower aralkyl, lower carboxylic acyl, carboxy, protected carboxy; hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower acyloxy, oxo; amino, lower alkylamino, lower acylamino, nitro, nitroso, lower alkylthio, lower sulfonic acyl or halogen;and the remaining R or P is hydrogen or halogen;and dotted line represents the presence of one or two double bonds).

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,3-dimethoxybenzene involving the reaction of [2,6-dimethoxyphenyl]lithium with chlorinating agents is disclosed. 2-Chloro-1,3-dimethoxybenzene is useful as a starting material for the synthesis of pharmacologically valuable 1,2-benzisoxazoloxyacetic acids.

Abstract: A process for the stimulaneous halogenation and fluorination of aromatic derivatives substituted by at least one group containing a halogenoalkyl unit. The aromatic derivative is reacted with the halogen in liquid hydrofluoric acid. The products obtained are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of compounds having a plant-protecting or pharmaceutical activity.

Abstract: Preparation of monoethers of dihydroxybenzenes from an alkenylphenol and an alkylating agent and thereafter oxidizing in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: Novel methods for making chlorohydrins are provided using a Lewis acid catalyst with an olefin and peroxy compound or where an enantiomer is desired, a Lewis acid catalyst in combination with a chiral alcohol, particularly glycol, and a combination of a peroxy compound and alkenol. In certain situations, an epoxide may be employed.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable esters and acid addition salts thereof, wherein:R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, halo, lower alkylthio, lower alkyl sulfinyl, lower alkyl sulfonyl; orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form --OCH.sub.2 O--; andR.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.These compounds combine .beta.-blockade and calcium entry blockade properties in the same compound and therefore are useful in therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, arrhythmias and variant and exercise induced angina.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and hydroxylated compounds, characterized by the fact that it comprises the reaction of an epoxide and a hydroxylated compound in the homogeneous liquid phase, in the presence, as catalyst, of a salt of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid.

Abstract: A process for direct fluorination of etherified or unetherified hydroxy group-bearing aromatic compounds, which comprises reacting an etherified or unetherified hydroxy group-bearing aromatic compound with fluorine gas to give the corresponding etherified or unetherified hydroxy group and at least one fluorine atom-bearing aromatic compound.

Abstract: The di-ester of beta-pentabromophenoxyethanol and succinic acid, bis(beta-pentabromophenoxyethyl) succinate, is prepared by mono-ethoxylating pentabromophenol with ethylene oxide, then esterifying the resulting pentabromophenoxyethanol with succinic acid. The di-ester is a flame retardant for ABS.

Abstract: Aromatic polyvinylethers and active hydrogen compound reaction products thereof have been found to provide fast heat curable molding compositions when used with various heat activated curing catalysts, for example, diaryliodonium salts in combination with aromatic polyvinylether soluble copper compounds, or dialkylhydroxyarylsulfonium salts in combination with certain organic oxidants.

Abstract: 5-Aryloxy-5-azolyl-3,3-dimethylpent-1-en-4-ones and -ols of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is an optionally substituted aryl group,Az is a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl or imidazol-1-yl group, andB is a keto group of a CH(OH) grouping,or addition products thereof with physiologically acceptable acids or metal salts are suitable for use as plant protection agents, and can be employed with particularly good success for combating those fungi which cause powdery mildew diseases, thus for combating Erysiphe species, Sphaerotheca species and Podosphaera species, and for combating diseases of rice.

Abstract: Hydroxyl compounds are oxyalkylated by contacting them with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in the presence of a perfluorocarbon polymer containing pendant sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 is a free or esterified carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a cyano group, a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, or, when taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached, they represent a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic group) or a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sup.a and R.sup.b are each as defined above), Y is an ethylene group or a vinylene group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, when taken together, means a single linkage to form a double bond between the carbon atoms which they are linked, R.sup.3 is a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.

Abstract: Arenes are reacted with allyl chloride to produce allylarenes and 2-chloropropyl- or propenylarenes using a catalyst comprising a metal oxide substrate having tantalum (V) halide/oxide bound to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the 9-bromine atom can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position,R.sub.1 is CH.sub.2 OH or C(O)OR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic residue; or R.sub.1 is C(O)NHR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.3 is an acid residue or R.sub.2 ; andA is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or cis --CH.dbd.CH--;B is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans --CH.dbd.CH--, or --C.tbd.C--;W is a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene group or a free or functionally modified ##STR2## wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position; D and E together are a direct bond; orD is straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkylene of 1-10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by fluorine atoms; andE is oxygen, sulfur, a direct bond --C.tbd.C--, or --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CR.sub.7 --, wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are different from each other and each is hydrogen, chlorine, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sub.4 is a free or functionally modified hydroxy group;R.sub.

Abstract: Process for fluorinating an organic carbanion, which process comprises contacting and reacting, in a dry inert atmosphere, the compound of the formula selected from ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is the carbanion, M is a counter ion, and X is a halide and a selected N-flouro-N-alkylsulfonamide.

Abstract: 9-Fluoroprostane derivatives of Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is CH.sub.2 OH or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic residue; or R.sub.1 is the residue ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 is an acid residue or R.sub.2 and A is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or cis--CH.dbd.CH--,B is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, trans--CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.tbd.C,W is a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene group wherein the OH-group can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position,D and E jointly are a direct bond orD is straight-chain or branched alkylene or alkenylene of 1-10 carbon atoms which can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms, and E is oxygen or sulfur, a direct bond, --C.tbd.C-- or --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CR.sub.7 -- wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 differ from each other and each is hydrogen, chlorine, or alkyl,R.sub.4 is a free or functionally modified hydroxy group, andR.sub.5 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic group, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crop culture and is particularly concerned with practices for conserving soil nitrogen and for supplying the soil nitrogen requirements for plant nutrition. These practices involve the employment, as active agent, of a novel butane compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is H or ##STR2## R is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halo and n is an integer from 0 to 2.

Abstract: Optionally aldehyde substituted polyphenols are prepared by oxidizing, with hydrogen peroxide, a hydroxybenzaldehyde bearing at least one aldehyde substituent ortho- and/or para- to the nuclear hydroxyl group, in an aqueous reaction medium and in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal base, the process being characterized in that the pH of the reaction medium is continuously maintained at a value no greater than 7 throughout the course of the oxidation reaction.The subject process is well suited for the preparation of, e.g., hydroxy-p-vanillin from guaiacol, and the novel compound 2,4,6-triformylphenol.