Abstract: A device for connecting two or more bulk compounding systems for mixing hyperalimentation solutions is described. The device allows electrical signals from each bulk compounding system to be connected to one another so that each bulk compounding system may act in concert with other bulk compounding systems to fill an individual receiving container with minimal modifications to the internal circuitry of an individual bulk compounding system.

Abstract: A system, or apparatus combination, and apparatus components, for the measurement of fluid flow. Such system, or apparatus can be used, e.g. for measuring the amount or flow of drilling fluid, or mud, introduced into a well bore, the amount or flow of mud returned from the well bore, and differences in flow rate and density between the mud introduced into the well bore and the mud returned from the well bore. The system measures or calculates, inter alia, flow rates, viscosity, temperature, density and gas content and compensates for variations; and in marine installations the system additionally measures vessel motion and compensates for wave and tide motions.

Abstract: A process for analyzing a sample of cuttings from oil or gas wells includes as its first step and determination of the water and light hydrocarbon content of the sample. The sample may then be sieved to remove any powders which may affect subsequent steps. The sample is also sieved to separate it into medium and large size fragments which are then weighed. A medium sized fragment is ground, mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) and tested with a Fourier transform infra red spectrometer to determine its mineral content. The larger size fragments are heated in an oven to burn off their volatiles and reweighed to determine their heavy hydrocarbon content. The large size fragments may now be tested with a helium pycnometer to determine the grain density of the sample, a second pycnometer, which uses a clay suspension as the working fluid, to determine the bulk density and porosity of the sample and a permeameter to determine the permeability of the sample.

Abstract: A device for measuring the absolute value of the density of salts in an atmosphere, which comprises an airtight water tank containing super pure water; a means for supplying super pure water to the airtight water tank; a means for bubbling a predetermined quantity of air in the atmosphere into the super pure water being provided in the airtight water tank; a means for exhausting the super pure water in the airtight water tank after the bubbling; a sodium ion analyzer for measuring the density of sodium ions in the exhausted super pure water; and a means for introducing the outside air to the bubbling means in accordance with the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the water tank.

Abstract: A specific gravity detecting apparatus for a lead-acid battery having two electrodes adapted to be immersed in an electrolyte to provide a potential difference therebetween which is indicative of the specific gravity of the electrolyte. One of the two electrodes is a lead electrode composed of a collector 6 made of lead and a lead alloy and a porous lead body 4 covered by an acid resistant porous sleeve 3; the other is a lead dioxide electrode composed of a collector 6' made of lead and a lead alloy and a porous lead dioxide body 5 covered by an acid- and oxidation-resistant porous sleeve 3'. The two electrodes are charged normally or as required while there is no necessity of obtaining specific gravity data, and later discharged with another lead electrode as an opposite electrode so that, in the open-circuit state, the potential difference between the lead electrode and the lead dioxide electrode is accurately determined.

Abstract: An instrument for simultaneously measuring the viscosity, density, and surface tension of a fluid comprising a gas dissolved in a liquid, at the operating conditions of the fluid, employing an instrument based on the principle of a damped, one-dimensional harmonic oscillator; the instrument being adapted to receive the fluid on-line without altering its operating environment.

Abstract: A wet blasting machine having a blasting apparatus wherein slurry is supplied from a main hopper through a supply conduit to a blasting gun. Slurry can be bled from the supply conduit through a control valve into a vessel for collecting a predetermined volume of slurry. The weight of the vessel is measured to generate a first signal which represents the slurry weight, and hence the slurry concentration. The first signal is compared to a second preset signal which represents the desired slurry concentration. If the second signal indicates that the slurry concentration in the main hopper is less than the desired magnitude, then the comparator emits an output signal which activates a supply device for adding additional media to the main hopper. The supply device preferably includes a mixing hopper to which both dry media and slurry from the main hopper are initially fed and mixed, prior to the enriched slurry then being fed into the main hopper.

Abstract: The nature of the flow pattern in a pipeline carrying both a liquid and a gas depends on the flow rates of the two phases. The flow pattern is characterized by measuring the void fraction or the average density along at least one chord across the pipeline (12) and by determining the distribution of liquid around the periphery of the pipe wall. The void fraction may be measured by the absorption of gamma rays from a source (14); while the peripheral distribution may be determined from the attenuation of ultrasonic plate waves propagating through sectors of the wall between transmitters (18) and receivers (20).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the viscosity and density of a fluid by circulating the fluid upward through a tube, having a cup positioned therein, at a fluid flow rate which suspends the cup in a stationary equilibrium position. Thereafter, a weight is added to the cup and a new fluid flow rate which suspends the weighted cup in the equilibrium position is determined. The density and viscosity of the fluid are determined as a function of the two fluid flow rate values and the physical characteristics of the apparatus.

Abstract: For use in preparing cement to cement a well, a cement metering system is set forth. The preferred and illustrated embodiment incorporates flow meters measuring water delivered to a cement jet mixer for cement and water into a slurry. A downstream density meter is included. A second water line dilutes the slurry to adjust the density downwardly to the desired slurry density controlled by the control system. The control system includes a data formatting circuit connected to the various transducers which converts the data so that the density required for the slurry is obtained. As desired, the data can be totalled by integrating over a period of time and shown on the data display. Volume flow rate of the controlled density slurry and bulk volume of dry cement may be determined.

Abstract: A device for measuring density and moisture of a material includes a hollow roller rotatably mounted on a shaft for rolling movement on the surface of the material. A radioactive source and density and moisture detectors are supported below the shaft and adjacent to the inner surface of the roller at substantially a fixed distance from the surface of the material being measured as the roller is rolled. The detectors are coupled to a conventional counter and microprocessor circuitry which provide an output reading related to the density or moisture content of the material. The shaft may be mounted for tilting movement so that the roller may pitch in conformity to contours in the material surface.

Abstract: Apparatuses and processes are described for the automatic determinations of fat contents of foods, such as dairy products, e.g., milk, wherein automatic density and solids content determining apparatuses are employed, together with a computer, to determine the fat contents of food samples being tested. The density determining apparatus is preferably one which is electromagnetically excited to vibrate at its natural resonant frequency, so that from the change in such frequency, compared to a control, the mass of the sample may be determined. The means for measuring the solids content is preferably an automatic volatility computer in which electromagnetic radiation (microwave energy) is employed to drive off the volatile material (usually mostly water) in the sample, which is automatically weighed before and after such volatilization.

Abstract: Physical properties relating to permeability and porosity of a material in a conveying fluid medium are determined in a device designed to measure the pressure differential between a first stream of fluid applied directly to the material in the medium and a second stream applied to a referencing plenum containing only the medium. The system is sensitive to the component of flow resistant imparted by the material itself without measuring the pressure drop across the entire thickness of material. The invention finds particular application in determining the permeability of cotton at various stages of the ginning operation for the ultimate purpose of monitoring and controlling the moisture content.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring flow parameters of an unknown fluid uses four pressure sensors at fixed, spaced locations within a cylindrical member having a constricted and a full diameter portion. The constricted portion has a smooth surface of transition at its entry, internal corrugations, and a sharp increase to the full diameter at its exit. There are no moving parts. All flow parameters can be calculated from the four pressure measurements taken at the entry and exit of the constricted portion and two aligned but separated locations spaced from the sharp increase to full diameter.

Abstract: A procedure for nondestructively determining a physical characteristic of a test object (10) involves introducing an electromagnetic energy pulse into the test object, and measuring elapsed time before the signature of a time-dependent function of the energy thereby propagated through the test object (10) reaches a value larger than a pre-set threshold value. For example, the volume density of graphite fibers in a graphite-epoxy composite material can be determined by introducing a pulse of radio-frequency electromagnetic energy into the composite material, and by measuring the elapsed time before the voltage signature of the energy propagated through the composite material reaches a value larger than the threshold value.

Abstract: Liquid foam to be applied through a slot nozzle to a surface of a fabric web or other substrate is preliminarily collected in a storage vessel where its consistency is continuously monitored and maintained substantially constant. The rate of transfer from the storage vessel to the applicator is stabilized by a feedback signal from a volume or pressure sensor in the applicator. Excess foam may be recirculated from the applicator to the source.

Abstract: A fluid density measuring apparatus is provided of the kind wherein a nozzle directs a turbulent jet through another fluid to a receiver tube, and is improved in that surfaces, from which sound waves emanating directly from the jet will be reflected, are outside the jet flow and are inclined at obtuse angles to these sound waves so that they will be reflected away from the jet. The fluid from the jet may be the one whose density is to be measured, in which case the density of the other fluid is known. The inclined surfaces minimize any effect the reflected sound waves may have on the spreading rate of the jet from the nozzle and thus improve the sensitivity of the apparatus.

Abstract: In the prior art it is known to determine the density of a roll of paper as it is being wound on a paper receiving roll. The determination is made each time the paper receiving roll makes a constant predetermined number of revolutions. Because the diameter of the paper on the paper receiving roll increases, there is an increasing length of paper added between successive determinations. This makes it more difficult to maintain a desired roll density by controlling various factors during winding. In addition, because the paper web is usually fed onto the roll at a constant rate, the time between successive density determinations increases. The system of the invention provides for an adjustment of the predetermined number of revolutions between density determinations. This number is decremented to provide, very approximately, the same time interval between successive determinations.

Abstract: A device for measuring the absolute value of the density of salts in atmosphere, which comprises: an airtight water tank containing super pure water of a predetermined quantity; a means for bubbling a predetermined quantity of air in atmosphere for a predetermined time into the super pure water to make the salts in the air dissolve in the water; a means for exhausting the super pure water after the bubbling; and a sodium ion analyzer for measuring the density of sodium ions in the exhausted super pure water of a predetermined quantity.

Abstract: Device for the determination of the amount of substance or the density of fiber structures, which utilizes the elastic properties of the fiber material. By means of a sphere which is positioned in a conical opening in a duct through which the fibers pass and which presses on the fibers with a part of its surface, a nozzle is throttled, so that the pressure on the nozzle represents a measure for the force on the sphere. This pressure is in a definite relationship to the fiber pressure on the sphere and can be measured with a pressure measuring device and transformed into an electrical signal by means of a normal commercially-available converter. A small groove in the wall of the duct behind the sphere avoids the attachment of fibers between the sphere and the opening.

Abstract: A test means, test device, and method for determining the ionic strength or specific gravity of a test sample as well as a method for making the device, are disclosed. The test means comprises a weakly acidic polyelectrolyte polymer, at least 50 percent of the carboxyl groups of which are present in the form of the salt of a quaternary ammonium ion having the structure ##STR1## in which the R substituents, same or different, are hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl, with the proviso that at least one of R is other than hydrogen; and an indicator means capable of producing a detectable response to ion exchange between the polyelectrolyte salt and the test sample. The device comprises a carrier matrix incorporated with the test means. The method for determining the ionic strength or specific gravity comprises contacting the test sample with the test means or device and observing a detectable response.

Abstract: A method of measuring the specific gravity of a fluid to be analyzed includes the steps of pressurizing a fixed volume chamber by the fluid to be analyzed, allowing the pressure in the chamber to decay through a fixed restriction between predetermined pressure limits, measuring the time interval of the pressure decay between the pressure limits and converting the time interval value to the specific gravity of the fluid to be analyzed.

Abstract: A method of correcting irregularities in the build-up of a mat during the manufacture of particleboard in which a plurality of individual measurements are taken substantially transverse to the mat as it moves through a measuring station. The measurements take the form of contactless measurements of the distance between a predeterminable measuring plane and the surface profile of the mat. The measured values that are obtained are further processed as representative values of weight per unit area for the positions at which the measurements are taken. The apparatus for effecting the contactless measurements is conveniently either optical apparatus or ultrasonic apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fast, efficient, precise method and apparatus for compounding solutions for use in hyperalimentation therapy. The apparatus includes a controller for entering the volume and specific gravity of the solution to be compounded.A load cell monitors the weight of the solutions that have been transferred to a collection vessel and in connection with the controller thereby maintains the precise amount of each therein. The controller also surveys various process conditions and warns of any failure of those conditions. Peristaltic pumps are used for the delivery of the compounding solution to maintain the solutions in a sterile condition.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the bulk density and mass flow rate of pulverized coal entrained in air along a duct 6 comprises beta radiation source means 7, radiation detection means 8 and a shield 9 to intercept direct radiation falling on the detector means which thereby measures the diffuse radiation scattered by the coal particles. That measurement plus a signal indicating linear coal particle speed is fed to a data processor which calculates the bulk density and mass flow rate.

Abstract: An instrument for automatically and accurately determining the "test weight" of grain, utilizes a confined column having a constant cross sectional area with means for sequentially dumping a plurality of batches of grain from the column and weighing the batches as dumped, combined with means for detecting the height of the grain in the column before or after each dump and feeding the information as to the height and weight to a microprocessor to determine the weight per unit volume utilizing linear regression equations. The instrument also includes an infrared spectroscopic detection device for determining moisture, protein, and oil content.

Abstract: An improved test means, device and method for determining the ionic strength or specific gravity of an aqueous sample are disclosed. The test means comprises a weakly basic polyelectrolyte polymer salt and an indicator means capable of producing a detectable response to ion exchange between the polymer salt and the test sample. The polymer salt is one in which one or more of the basic moieties of the polymer is present as the salt of a strong organic acid.

Abstract: A method for separating/classifying closed bolls of a given variety of cotton by maturity is disclosed. Harvested, unopened cotton bolls are immersed in a series of solutions having a specific gravity of less than one. The bolls of cotton are thus identified and separated by means of the different specific gravity readings. The specific gravity readings are correlated with the moisture content of the bolls and subsequently the maturity dates of the cotton. Additional steps for cleaning, washing and drying are provided as needed. Alcohol/water solutions are utilized to prepare solutions with specific gravities of 0.8379 to 0.9455.

Abstract: A method for determining the density of coal or other bulk material in a stockpile includes boring a calibration hole into the pile and collecting at least a portion of the cuttings thus obtained into a container. A series of readings are taken within the container with a nuclear depth-density gauge, and the weight of the cuttings and container volume is measured. The measured weight and volume are compared with the gauge readings to calibrate the gauge. A test hole is then bored substantially to the bottom of the stockpile, and a section of steel casing is inserted and partially pressed into the hole. A second section of casing is attached to the first and similarly pressed into the hole. In this manner, casing is extended the full depth of the hole. Readings are then taken at various depths therein with the nuclear gauge. From the data thus obtained, average density throughout the pile is determined.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for the determination of the density of a light hydrocarbon mixture by thermostatting the light hydrocarbon mixture in a large thermostatted vessel at a temperature at which said mixture is liquid in said thermostatted vessel below a level thereof. The large thermostatted vessel is next connected to at least one small container of known mass and volume and thermostatted at said temperature. Then a portion of the thermostatted light hydrocarbon mixture is transferred from said large vessel to the liquid level to the small container until the small container is filled with the light hydrocarbon mixture in liquid form. Any vapors present within the small container are vented leaving behind a liquid light hydrocarbon mixture. The small container is then disconnected from the large thermostatted vessel and the mass of the small container and the light hydrocarbon mixture is determined.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the density profile of a layer of liquid includes a plurality of individual tubes arranged in side-by-side fashion, each of the tubes having an inlet opening in its lower end. A vacuum manifold is connected to the apertured upper ends of the tubes. The apertures in the lower ends of the tubes are vertically staggered and the tubes are vertically oriented with the lower ends of the tubes immersed in the liquid, so that the inlet openings are differentially spaced from the surface of the liquid. The application of a vacuum to the tubes causes liquid from the different levels to be drawn into the tubes, the height of the liquid in the tubes above the surface being proportional to the density of the liquid drawn into the tubes through the inlets.

Abstract: A hand held device (12) having a forward open window portion (14) adapted to be pushed downwardly into the frost on a surface, and a rear container portion (22) adapted to receive the frost removed from the window area. A graph (FIG. 4) on a side of the container enables an observer to determine the density of the frost from certain measurements noted. The depth of the frost is noted from calibrated lines (28) on the sides of the open window portion (14).

Abstract: In a mill roll bearing assembly, wherein a mill roll neck is coaxially received in a bearing sleeve journaled for rotation therewith in a housed bearing, and which further includes a sleeve retainer secured to the annular outside end of the bearing sleeve, an inspection passage is provided through an upper end portion of the bearing housing, which reveals the then rotatably positioned uppermost end portion of the sleeve end retainer where it annularly mates with the bearing sleeve and a removable closure is provided for the passage. A second inspection passage is also provided through the end of the sleeve retainer near the outer peripheral edge thereof, which reveals a portion of the outside ends of the sleeve and roll neck where they annularly mate. A feeler gauge is then inserted through the passages when aligned, to check whether the roll neck is fully seated in the bearing sleeve.

Abstract: A novel apparatus and method for determining osmolarity and/or specific gravity of a sample solution, the apparatus including a plurality of test solutions, each test solution having a predetermined specific gravity within a predetermined specific gravity range and also containing the dye, the dye being activated by substances in the sample solution. Test solutions having a higher specific gravity than the sample solution will experience osmotic diffusion across the semipermeable membrane and activation of the dye therein. The test solutions are sequentially arrayed on a support member so that the next succeeding test solution without a color change indicates the degree of osmolarity and/or specific gravity of the sample solution.

Abstract: The density of the fluid flowing through a tubular member may be measured by a device comprising a rotor assembly suspended within the tubular member, a fluid bearing medium for the rotor assembly shaft, independent fluid flow lines to each bearing chamber, and a scheme for detection of any difference between the upstream and downstream bearing fluid pressures. The rotor assembly reacts to fluid flow both by rotation and axial displacement; therefore concurrent measurements may be made of the velocity of blade rotation and also bearing pressure changes, where the pressure changes may be equated to the fluid momentum flux imparted to the rotor blades. From these parameters the flow velocity and density of the fluid may be deduced.

Abstract: A transducer and battery performance indicator which senses various levels of specific gravity and other conditions of a liquid or electrolyte of varying degrees of translucency and converts the measurements into electrical analog signals which are fed to an indicator read-out. The device may include temperature and level sensors, as well as an agitator for circulating electrolyte, and a number of them are used remotely to monitor a bank of batteries.

Abstract: A test means for determining the ionic strength or specific gravity of an aqueous test sample, the test means comprising a weakly acidic or weakly basic polyelectrolyte which is at least partially neutralized, and an indicator means capable of producing a detectable response to ion exchange between the polyelectrolyte and the sample. The test device comprises a carrier matrix incorporated with the test means, and the method for its use comprises contacting an aqueous test sample with the device and observing a detectable response.

Abstract: An improved method for separating and immobilizing constituent cells of heterogeneous intact organic cells and the molecular components of organic cells into bands in a liquid gradient column which has sucrose, cesium chloride or other similar materials and also harvesting or removing said gradients, from their lower to upper or upper to lower deposits or portions.

Abstract: A method of measuring fat content of meat includes the steps of immersing a meat sample in a liquid, and detecting the amount of displacement of the liquid by the meat sample, the variance of such displacement as a function of fat content being predetermined, whereby the fat content is determinable from the detected displacement.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for blending together solid particles having different sizes into a homogeneous mass. A weighed quantity of solid particles of different sizes are inserted into a Y-shaped container which is closed off and rotated several times to blend the solid particles into a homogeneous mass. After blending, a scale is inserted into an elongated principal section of the container to determine bulk density of the mass.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for specific gravity measurement of an object having a known geometry and weight is provided which is particularly adaptable for determining the specific gravity of a gemstone. The apparatus includes a fluid circuit and a pump therefor with the fluid circuit having an adjustable fluid flow rate. The fluid circuit also includes a test chamber element for receiving the object and a flow measuring element for determining fluid flow rate. Preferably, the test chamber is vertically oriented and has zones of decreasing fluid velocity from its lower to upper ends for a constant fluid flow rate through the circuit. The method of measurement is made in one of two modes. In one mode, the flow rate is held constant so that the vertical position of the object of unknown specific gravity in the test chamber yields data allowing calculation of its specific gravity.

Abstract: The invention is an improved method and apparatus for determining the quantity of solids being conveyed in a slurry that is moving in a pipe. The method and apparatus combines a density-sensitive flowmeter (elbow meter) with a density-insensitive flowmeter (ultrasonic doppler flowmeter) to determine the quantity of solids conveyed in a slurry that is moving in a pipe. Velocity is determined by using a sonic flowmeter which is not affected by slurry specific gravity. Specific gravity is determined by dividing the signal from an elbow meter, which is a linear function of specific gravity, by the square of the sonic flowmeter signal. Numerous methods and apparatus are included to improve the accuracy of both the sonic flowmeter and the elbow meter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supplying a predetermined volume of liquid fuel (20) to a cylinder of a diesel engine (10) is provided. A storage tank (22) stores a column of the liquid fuel (20) in a storage area (24). A position sensor (36) transmits an analog signal proportional to the height of the fuel (20) in the tank (22). A pressure transducer (32) disposed at the bottom of the storage area (24) transmits an analog signal corresponding to the static fluid pressure at the bottom of the storage area (24). A temperature transducer (56) disposed along a fuel rail (16) transmits an analog temperature signal to an electronic fuel injection computer (14). The computer (14) converts the analog height signal, the analog temperature signal and the analog pressure signal into digital values and mathematically divides the resulting digital values of height and pressure to obtain a digital value for the fuel density.

Abstract: The wrapped cigarette rod which is formed in a cigarette making machine is monitored by a beta ray detector which generates first signals denoting the density of successive unit lengths of the moving rod. The first signals are compared with a reference signal which denotes the desired density of the rod, and the resulting third signals are squared, N squared signals are totalized and the resulting fourth signals are divided by signals denoting N - 1 first signals to form sixth signals. The square roots of sixth signals constitute regulating or adjusting signals which enable the attendants to feed tobacco or other fibrous material at an optimum rate. The regulating signals are converted into visible signals. The first signals can be used to adjust the position of the device which removes the surplus from a continuous tobacco stream to form a filler which is thereupon wrapped to constitute the cigarette rod.

Abstract: The API gravity of an oil is determined by vaporizing its volatile and pyrolyzable components, measuring the ratio of the amount vaporized within a range of relatively high temperatures to the total amount vaporized and determining that the gravity of the oil being tested equals that of an oil which has a similar composition and which, when a substantially equal amount is tested under substantially the same conditions, yields a similar ratio of amounts vaporized at the same temperatures.

Abstract: A process for continuously monitoring and controlling a continuous process for digestion of cellulose utilizing a computer which is programmed to determine (1) the mass of wood being fed to the digester from measurements of the density of the wood slurry feed, the density of the liquid and the total flow of slurry, (2) the mass of wood being withdrawn from the digester from measurements of the density of the pulp slurry, the density of the liquor and the total flow of slurry, (3) the correct amount of fresh digester liquor to be added concurrently with the wood feed and (4) amount of water wash and makeup digester liquor to be fed to the reactor. The computer can also be programmed to control the temperature in the reaction zone of the digester.

Abstract: A densimeter for measuring the density of a fluid with a disk-shaped body having an axis with a horizontal component and being rotatably mounted on a shaft along the axis. Two open cavities are provided in the body so that the center of buoyancy of the body is displaced maximally from the axis. The body has a generally homogeneous density and includes a region wherein the density is different from that of the disk. Because of the density anomaly the center of gravity of the body is displaced from both the center of buoyancy and from the axis. The outer perimeter of the body and the cavities are circular so as to encounter minimal drag resistance while rotating in a fluid. When the densimeter is placed in a fluid, the disk will oscillate on the shaft. The density of the fluid is determined from the angular position of the disk on the shaft upon reaching equilibrium.

Abstract: A cake sensor which includes a rotatable, hollow cylindrical shell adapted to be positioned within a flow of falling cake material and a piston within the shell. The shell has an opening therein through which the cake material will enter the shell, and to one end of the shell are connected a fluid source and a density sensor. The piston extends through the other end of the cylinder and is driven by a torque motor to compress cake material which falls into the cylinder through the opening. The various measurements developed by the density sensor, the torque developed by the torque motor, and the distance traveled by the piston are utilized to determine the characteristics of the cake material. A method for determining the quality of the cake material is also presented.

Abstract: A device for measuring the fluid density of a two-phase mixture flowing through a tubular member. A rotor assembly is rotatively supported within the tubular member so that it can also move axially within the tubular member. The rotor assembly is balanced against a pair of springs which exert an axial force in the opposite direction upon the rotor assembly. As a two-phase mixture flows through the tubular member it contacts the rotor assembly causing it to rotate about its axis. The rotor assembly is forced against and partially compresses the springs. Means are provided to measure the rotational speed of the rotor assembly and the linear displacement of the rotor assembly. From these measurements the fluid density of the two-phase mixture is calculated.

Abstract: A process for continuously digesting cellulosic fibrous material wherein the degree of delignification of the cellulosic fibrous material in the digestion zone is continuously determined and monitored by determining the exothermic heat of the delignification reaction taking place in the digester. The exothermic heat of the delignification reaction is determined by measurements of the temperature rise occurring in the delignification zone and the heat capacity of the cellulosic material and digesting liquor.