Abstract: We provide an extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45), comprising a hydrogenated conjunct polymer naphtha, from a used ionic liquid catalyst, having a final boiling point less than 246° C. (475° F.), a Bromine Number of 5 or less, and at least 30 wt % naphthenes. We also provide a blended alkylate gasoline (97) comprising the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45), and integrated alkylation processes to make the extracted conjunct polymer naphtha (45) and the blended alkylate gasoline (97). We also provide a method to analyze alkylate products, by determining an amount of methylcyclohexane in the alkylate products (80).

Abstract: Provided are sensors for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample fluid. In certain embodiments, the sensors include conductive particles and exhibit improved uniformity of distribution of one or more sensing chemistry components, increased effective working electrode surface area, and/or reduced entry of interfering components into a sample chamber of the sensor. Methods of using and manufacturing the sensors are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for modulating calcium channels. In particular, the present invention provides methods and compositions for modulating (e.g., disrupting) Cav1.3a calcium channels for research and therapeutic methods (e.g., treating dopaminergic diseases and conditions).

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of determining the effectiveness of an asphaltene deposition inhibitor in oilfield applications. Such methods typically comprising the steps of introducing an oil well fluid into a microfluidic/millifluidic system; introducing a mixture of an asphaltene deposition inhibitor and carrier into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; introducing a precipitating agent, typically comprising heptane, into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; and optionally introducing toluene into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; then observing the presence or absence of asphaltene aggregation within the microfluidic/millifluidic system.

Abstract: A concentration sensor device includes a sensor unit, a substrate, and a sedimentation limit unit. The sensor unit detects a concentration of a specific component contained in liquid. The substrate has a face to which the sensor unit is arranged. The sedimentation limit unit is integrally arranged with the sensor unit or arranged at an upstream side of the sensor unit in a flowing direction of the liquid. The sedimentation limit unit is configured to prevent sedimentation of a foreign object on the sensor unit. The sedimentation limit unit includes a piezoelectric element to vibrate when electricity is supplied so as to promote the foreign object to be separated from the sensor unit. The substrate has a recess recessed in a thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: In some aspects, an analyte sensor is provided. The analyte sensor has a plurality of fuse members associated therewith. The fuse members may be burned in sequence and the burn values (related to current, voltage, or time) may be used to extract/decode information. The decoded information may include calibration constant, expiration or manufacture date, counterfeiting codes, warnings, etc. Systems and methods for burning and detecting such burn values of the plurality of fuse members and decoding the coded information related to the sensor are provided, as are numerous other aspects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the composition of medical liquids with regard to their fraction of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, comprising the steps of: determining at least one first physical parameter of the medical liquid for unambiguously determining the fraction of non-electrolytes in the medical liquid; simultaneously determining at least a second physical parameter of the medical liquid for determining the fraction of electrolytes in the medical liquid; and determining the fraction of electrolytes and non-electrolytes in the medical liquid based on the first and second physical parameter.

Abstract: A centrifuge is provided. The centrifuge includes a power source, the power source configured to generate electrical power from a renewable power source. At least one battery electrically coupled to the power source. A motor is electrically coupled to the at least one battery. A rotor is coupled to the motor. The rotor has a generally cylindrical body and a pair of opposing openings opposite the motor, and a pair of holders each disposed in one of the pair of opposing openings, each of the holders having an opening on one end sized to receive a capillary tube.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring the levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF), and 5,10-MTHF in a biological sample. The method includes employing an isotope dilution liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) methodology.

Abstract: A method of measuring the permittivity and/or conductivity of a multiphase fluid flowing through a conduit is provided. The method includes the steps of measuring the signal from a first electromagnetic transmitter to a first electromagnetic receiver separated by a first distance, measuring the signal from the first electromagnetic transmitter to a second electromagnetic receiver separated by a second distance, measuring the signal from a second electromagnetic transmitter to the first electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the second distance, measuring the signal from the second electromagnetic transmitter to the second electromagnetic receiver separated by a distance substantially equal to the first distance, and wherein the first and second distances are substantially different.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid nutritional composition, to a liquid nutritional composition for use in a diagnostic method for screening of a glucose-intolerant condition, to a kit for screening of a glucose-intolerant condition, and to a diagnostic method for screening a mammal for a glucose-intolerant condition. Furthermore, it refers to a liquid nutritional composition for use as a standard reference nutrition, such as for classification of postprandial glucose responses of different nutritional compositions. The liquid nutritional composition comprises protein, fat, digestible carbohydrate and dietary fibre, wherein the digestible carbohydrate comprises at least 90 weight % of glucose units, based on total digestible carbohydrate mass and preferably is substantially free of fructose.

Abstract: Metal nano articles were incorporated into wood. Ionic liquids were used to expand the wood cell wall structure for nanoparticle incorporation into the cell wall structure. Nanoparticles of elemental gold or silver were found to be effective surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging contrast or sensing agents. Nanoparticles of elemental iron were found to be efficient microwave absorbers and caused localized heating for disrupting the integrity of the lignocellulosic matrix. Controls suggest that the localized beating around the iron nanoparticles reduces losses of cellulose in the form of water volatiles and CO2. The ionic liquid is needed during the incorporation process at room temperature. The use of small amounts of ionic liquid combined with the absence of an ionic liquid purification step and a lower energy and water use are expected to reduce costs in an up-scaled pretreatment process.

Abstract: A sample receiving chip comprising a substrate that receives an aliquot volume of a sample fluid and a sample region of the substrate, sized such that the volume of the sample fluid is sufficient to operatively cover a portion of the sample region. The energy imparted into the sample fluid is transduced by the sample region to produce an output signal that indicates energy properties of the sample fluid. The sample receiving chip also includes a channel formed in the substrate, the channel configured to collect the aliquot volume of a sample fluid and transfer the aliquot volume of sample fluid to the sample region.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for a gate valve including a body, a stem, and a sensing bore. A subassembly includes a body, a stem, and a sensing bore; a bonnet contacting the body; and at least one of a vein and a plug in the sensing bore.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a transient flow of a fluid for the presence of contaminants is disclosed. The system includes a fluid control valve having a body defining a fluid flow path therethrough. A fluid monitoring device is in fluid communication with the fluid flowing through the control valve. The fluid monitoring device is adapted to monitor the fluid flowing through the control valve for contaminants.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-(R2-thio)-10-[3-(4-R1-piperazin-1-yl)propyl]-10H-phenothiazine according to general formula I, for treating a ?-amyloidopathy or an ?-synucleinopathy accompanied by a cerebral protein deposit and a reduced activity of the cerebral ABCC1-transporter. The invention also relates to a method for the diagnosis or prediagnosis of a ?-amyloidopathy or an ?-synucleopathy accompanied by a cerebral protein deposit and a reduced activity of the cerebral ABCC1-transporter, or for determining the risk of a proband suffering from such an illness, the proband already having accumulated substances transported by the cerebral ABCC1 transporter.

Abstract: An alcohol detector for detecting high concentrations of alcohol in a fuel tank and for providing evidence that the alcohol was present even after it has been removed. In one aspect, the alcohol detector includes a cathode and an anode of different materials and spaced from one another. The anode experiences galvanic corrosion at a faster rate when exposed to high concentrations of alcohol than it does when exposed to unleaded gasoline. Thus, the amount of corrosion present on the anode provides evidence of the past presence of an improper fuel in the fuel tank. In another aspect, the alcohol detector is a dye printed on a fuel pump. The dye visually changes color intensity in the presence of high concentrations of alcohol to provide evidence of the past presence of alcohol.

Abstract: Methods for evaluating a diesel fuel are provided. In one embodiment, a method of evaluating a diesel fuel includes obtaining a testing sample from the diesel fuel and analyzing the testing sample to detect an amount of at least one selected component. The method also provides for determining if the diesel fuel is green depending on either detection of at least one selected component in the testing sample or observation of at least one non-normal molecular class distribution in the testing sample. Further, the specific component can indicate the specific biological feedstock used to produce the green diesel based on the molecular fingerprinting database.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems configured to determine an amount of alcohol in an alcohol-containing liquid discharged from a drinking vessel or an amount of the alcohol-containing liquid discharged from the drinking vessel, drinking vessels configured to measure alcohol content or other property of an alcohol-containing liquid held therein, other related components such as mat devices that facilitate determining the amount, and related methods. The systems, drinking vessels, and methods disclosed herein facilitate determination of an amount of alcohol in an alcohol-containing liquid discharged from a drinking vessel or an amount of alcohol-containing liquid discharged from the drinking vessel, which may be indicative of an amount of alcohol consumed by a drinker.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems configured to determine an amount of alcohol in an alcohol-containing liquid discharged from a drinking vessel or an amount of the alcohol-containing liquid discharged from the drinking vessel, drinking vessels configured to measure alcohol content or other property of an alcohol-containing liquid held therein, other related components such as mat devices that facilitate determining the amount, and related methods. The systems, drinking vessels, and methods disclosed herein facilitate determination of an amount of alcohol in an alcohol-containing liquid discharged from a drinking vessel or an amount of alcohol-containing liquid discharged from the drinking vessel, which may be indicative of an amount of alcohol consumed by a drinker.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining a composition of a fuel mixture, in particular for determining the ethanol content and/or a water component in the fuel mixture. Fuel flows sequentially through spatially separated sensor elements. The sensor elements generate time-dependent output signals, which are unambiguously dependent on the ethanol content of the fuel mixture. A difference between the time-dependent output signals is ascertained and subjected to a plausibility check. A received plausibility-checked output signal is ascertained, having at least one item of information about the direction of change in the ethanol content of the fuel mixture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for determining concentration of components in a liquid hydrocarbon mixture including hydrocarbons and water flowing through an alkylation process. A fluid flow path conveys the liquid continuously from the alkylation process through a first instrument configured for measuring a property of the liquid mixture, and having responsivities to concentration of the components, which are independent of the concentration of the water. A temperature detector generates temperature data for the liquid, and a second instrument measures another property of the liquid mixture. The instruments have mutually distinct responsivities to concentrations of the components.

Abstract: A liquid mixture, comprising a) at least one compound selected from polyols, polyol ethers wherein at least one hydroxyl group is unetherified, or polyalkylene ethers wherein at least one terminal hydroxyl group is unetherified, b) 1,3-bis(caprolactam-1-yl) butane, and c) diacetoxybutane mimics the solubility properties of a graft copolymer comprising a poly(alkylene glycol) backbone and a vinyl acetate/N-vinylcaprolactam copolymer grafted onto the backbone. In a method for evaluating the compatibility of a biologically active substance with the graft copolymer i) the biologically active sub-stance is brought into contact with the liquid mixture, and ii) the phase behavior of the test system and/or the solubility of the biologically active substance in the mixture is determined.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for preventing or reducing atherosclerotic lesions and plaques. Specifically, the instant invention provides methods for using humanin and its analogues to prevent or reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Also provided are methods of using humanin and its analogues to improve the survival of endothelial cells, particularly aortic endothelial cells.

Abstract: A remote water quality monitoring arrangement, a distributed water quality monitoring system with said remote water quality monitoring arrangement, and a method for replacing or installing said remote water quality monitoring arrangement in said distributed water quality monitoring system are provided. The remote water quality monitoring arrangement may include a position detection device, for example a GPS-receiver (Global Positioning System), while a current location of said remote water quality monitoring arrangement is automatically detectable/detected. Water quality measurements, i.e., measurement data, of said remote water quality monitoring arrangement can automatically be assigned with the detected location facilitating a central server—receiving the measurements, i.e.

Abstract: Products and processes are provided herewith for analyzing octane content in a fuel sample that include the step or steps of receiving an octane measurement of a fuel sample from a octane analyzer, rounding the octane measurement to a nearest recognized octane rating, comparing the rounded octane measurement with a listed octane rating for the fuel sample, and communicating results of the comparison to a user of the octane analyzer. The octane analyzer may be incorporated into a fuel pump or a vehicle. The results of the comparison may also be used to adjust the vehicle operating parameters to account for the actual octane rating of the fuel dispensed into the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment control (1, 100) of water (3) to be treated containing a chlorine disinfectant (5) stabilized by a chlorine stabilizer (6). A concentration of said chlorine disinfectant (5) contained in said water (3) will be measured (110) once before irradiating (120) said water (3) with an UV irradiation (initial chlorine concentration). After irradiating (120) said water (3) with said UV irradiation said concentration of said chlorine disinfectant 5 contained in said water 3 will be measured (130) twice (remaining chlorine concentration). A concentration of said chlorine stabilizer 6 added to said water will be determined (140) using said initial chlorine concentration and said remaining chlorine concentration for said water treatment control (1, 100).

Abstract: An ion concentration meter measures a concentration of an ion in a solution by exposing both an ISFET gate and a reference electrode within a filtered test area. In preferred embodiments, the test area filters preferred compounds from a solution being tested by occluding an opening to the test area with a species-selective membrane. Contemplated species-selective membranes include silicate membranes, chalcogenide membranes, lanthanum fluoride membranes, and valinomycin membranes.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or reducing the risk of developing acute lung injury manifested by increased vascular permeability. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising an FTY720 analog or derivative and/or SEW 2871 for use in the disclosed methods. The invention also provides methods for treating or reducing the risk of developing acute lung injury resulting from dysregulation of ceramide/sphingolipid pathway, more specifically, acute lung injury resulting from radiation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the signaling pathway involved erythroid repression by iron deficiency. Further disclosed is anon-toxic small-molecule compound which potently reverses the erythroid repression caused by iron deficiency. The present invention further encompasses novel compounds for inhibition of red cell production, useful, for example, in the treatment of polycythemia vera, a malignancy causing uncontrolled red cell production. These inhibitory compounds also promote megakaryocytic lineage commitment and may therefore be useful for augmentation of platelet production. The present invention further discloses isocitrate reversal of iron deprivation.

Abstract: A fuel system including a fuel container containing fluid and a water sensor. The water sensor is in at least partial fluid contact with the fluid. The water sensor has a longitudinal axis that is substantially horizontal. The water sensor is configured to sense water in the fluid at a predetermined level in the fuel container. The water sensor is further configured to sense water at the predetermined level regardless of a rotational position of the water sensor about the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method of testing for a trisaccharide in milk includes the step of providing a predetermined amount of milk. The method also includes the step of isolating a trisachharide of the milk with a hydride insertion reaction to identify the molecule as phosphorylated. Also included in the method is the step of obtaining a mass spectrum of the isolated milk trisaccharide sample. The method further includes the step of identifying a molecular structure of the isolated milk trisaccharide sample.

Abstract: In a method for determining a total hydrocarbon composition of a multiphase flow including gas and liquid, the method includes taking different samples of the gas and liquid at t least two different thermodynamic states of the multiphase flow. The method further includes analyzing the different samples, and using a molar balance of the different samples at the at least two different thermodynamic states to calculate a gas molar fraction and a liquid molar fraction. The gas molar fraction and liquid molar fraction may be used for deriving an overall composition of the multiphase flow and for deriving the gas and liquid volume fractions.

Abstract: System and method for control of a subsea located cyclone for separating oil from water. The cyclone is arranged to receive water with oil contents through an inlet line, the oil is separated from the water and delivered through an oil outlet to an oil outlet line, and the water is delivered through a water outlet to a water outlet line. The system is comprising a control valve in the oil outlet or oil outlet line from the cyclone, a first differential pressure transducer arranged between the inlet line and the oil outlet from the cyclone, and a second differential pressure transducer arranged between the inlet line and the water outlet from the cyclone. The system is distinguished in that a sensor for measuring oil contents is arranged in the water outlet or water outlet line, and via a control means said sensor is operatively connected to the control valve.

Abstract: A urea quality diagnosis system capable of accurately diagnosing a quality of an aqueous urea solution in a urea tank. A concentration and a level L of an aqueous urea solution inside a urea tank 16 are detected, and the quality of the aqueous urea solution is diagnosed based on a detected value of the concentration of the aqueous urea solution when the level L is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for detecting the blending level of biodiesel fuel in an internal combustion engine includes setting at least two post injection fuel quantity reference values respectively for known biodiesel blending percentage levels. A post injection fuel quantity value is evaluated and is compared with the at least two post injection fuel quantity reference value. A predetermined correlation set of values between the post injection fuel quantity value and a biodiesel blending level expressed by biodiesel percentage with respect to the petro-diesel is used to determine the biodiesel blending level.

Abstract: Provided are methods of measuring analyte concentrations in interstitial fluid samples, methods of determining accuracy of subcutaneously implantable analyte sensors, methods of manufacturing and determining calibration factors for subcutaneously implantable analyte sensors, as well as subcutaneously implantable analyte sensors manufactured according to the described methods and having a high level of accuracy. Methods of determining the concentration of an analyte in a bodily sample, and methods of extracting interstitial fluid are also provided.

Abstract: A concentration detecting apparatus that detects the alcohol concentration of an alcohol blended fuel includes frequency controlling means that controls the frequency of an alternating-current voltage applied between a pair of electrodes spaced apart from each other. A first resistance constituent value between the electrodes is detected by applying an alternating-current voltage at a first frequency at which a capacitance constituent value of the impedance is zero. Similarly, a second resistance constituent value between said electrodes is detected by applying an alternating-current voltage at a second frequency different from the first frequency at which the capacitance constituent value of the impedance is zero. The alcohol concentration is calculated based on the difference between the first resistance constituent value and the second resistance constituent value.

Abstract: A method for automatically inspecting a beverage processing plant including determining at least one measured quantity of a liquid medium by at least one sensor, where the liquid medium is produced, used and/or treated in at least one treatment device of the beverage processing plant, and where the determination is carried out after the production, use and/or treatment of the liquid medium, comparing the determined measured quantity with a predetermined set value for the measured quantity, and, if a deviation of the determined measured quantity from the predetermined set value is detected, determining a cause for the deviation and/or a source of the deviation on the basis of the value of the deviation and/or on the basis of the determined measured quantity.

Abstract: A housing sensor having a semiconductor element for measuring hydrogen concentration in an insulating fluid in equipment having a mounting flange on the equipment providing access to the interior of the equipment provided with a plurality of bolt receiving openings arranged on the mounting flange in a first pattern which includes a first flange having at least one or more openings and an outer periphery. The sensor also includes a tubular housing support member having one end received in one of the openings, a plurality of bolt receiving apertures arranged in a pattern corresponding to the first pattern within the outer periphery of the first flange. The sensor further includes at least one wire receiving opening extending through the housing body, a cover closing an end of the housing body distal from the one end, a first seal disposed between the first flange and the tubular housing support member, a second seal disposed on the first flange for engaging the mounting flange.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for diagnosing vascular diseases, comprising the step in which the presence, absence or amplitude of at least three polypeptide markers is determined in a urine sample, wherein the polypeptide markers are selected from the markers characterized in table 1 by values for the molecular masses and the migration time.

Abstract: A method of analysis of lipoproteins according to the present invention comprises the steps of: separating a plurality of classes of lipoproteins contained in a subject sample by liquid chromatography and then detecting signals derived from components included in the separated lipoproteins; and assuming that the lipoproteins are constituted of subclasses estimated from component peaks comprising anchor peaks and extra essential peaks and then calculating an approximated curve corresponding to summation of the component peaks using the above described detected signals.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for measuring concentrations of basic or neutral compounds, such as phenoxybenzamine, in biological samples, and methods for treating patients based on the compound concentrations in the biological samples from the patients.

Abstract: A detector for detecting the presence of a liquid comprising a probe sensitive to the presence of the liquid on contact with it, and a casing surrounding the probe comprising: a) an opening for receiving the liquid in the casing; b) an inlet distinct from the opening for the admission of a test liquid into the casing in contact with the probe, the placing of the test liquid in contact with the probe in the casing causing the presence of the test liquid to be detected if the probe operates correctly and causing no detection in the contrary case; and c) an outlet for the discharge of a portion of the test liquid from the casing after the test liquid has been placed in contact with the probe, the discharge being sufficient for the probe to no longer detect the test liquid remaining in the casing.

Abstract: A liquid concentration measuring device has first and second switches, which are turned on and off at two frequencies. When the first switch is turned on and the second switch is turned off, a detection electrode pair is charged. When the first switch is turned off and the second switch is turned on, the positive side of the detection electrode pair is grounded so that the charged detection electrode pair discharges. The difference between the output voltages of an amplifier produced by charging and discharging the detection electrode pair at the two frequencies is used to determine an alcohol concentration in gasoline.

Abstract: Materials and methods for detecting the early onset of shock and multi-organ failure by production of tissue breakdown products in biological samples (e.g., expired air).

Abstract: Compounds from 14 Kenyan plants, including from the root of Dovyalis abyssinica and Clutia robusta have been characterized and isolated, and their uses are disclosed.

Abstract: A known amount of marker may be added to a pressurized hydrocarbon fluid, or combined with an additive to form a mixture, and the mixture may be added to a pressurized hydrocarbon fluid. An amount of the marker in the hydrocarbon fluid may be determined. An amount of the additive in the hydrocarbon fluid may be determined based on the amount of the marker in the pressurized hydrocarbon fluid. An inline system may be used for detection of a marker in a pressurized hydrocarbon fluid. The system is fixed in a pressurized hydrocarbon fluid supply line such that pressurized hydrocarbon fluid flowing from a first location to a second location in the supply line passes through the detection system. The hydrocarbon fluid may be a liquid or a gas. The markers may include a variety of optical markers, such as fluorescent markers. Detection of the markers may include, for example, fluorescence detection.

Abstract: Fuel contamination in oil is measured by using a sensor in contact with oil whereby fuel intrusion into the oil will change the electrical, mechanical, and/or chemical properties of the material as compared to the same electrical, mechanical, and/or chemical properties of the material when in contact only with mineral or synthetic oil only. The oil quality sensor provides real-time feedback so that an oil monitoring system can actively remove contaminates and/or increase an additive package as necessary.

Abstract: In the method for determining the alcohol concentration of the tank fuel after filling up with E85 fuel or E0 fuel, two corridors of possible lambda values for filling with E0 fuel and E85 are established according to the volumes of the tank fuel before and after filling, and the lambda values are taken into account in the evaluation.