Abstract: The present invention relates to a reamer for hollow shafts of turbines. Particularly the invention relates to a reamer for hollow shafts, and comprises a casing provided with self-centering means for insertion into the shaft bore, a motor slidable axially inside said casing, means for moving said motor axially, a drive shaft rotated by said motor rigid therewith in its axial movements and keyed to a reaming head which is rotatable relative to said casing but axially fixed relative thereto; the invention further comprises at least one reaming tool rotated by said reamining head, and cam means for guiding said reaming tool along a curved trajector lying in a radial plane of said reaming head and operated by the axial movement of said drive shaft.

Abstract: A micrometrically adjusted tool arm assembly for mounting on a spindle or a non-rotating support has a tool arm with a mount thereon for generally centrally supporting a tool bar. Only the end sections of the arm are secured to a base support and a slot system extends axially through the arm so that the central section can move radially relative to the ends of the arm. A micrometrically adjustable positioner mechanism engages the central section in a position relative to the slot system to provide a rigid backup for the tool bar. When the assembly is mounted on a spindle a releasable lock is provided which functions to deform the slot system and move the central section radially to engage positioner mechanism at a preselected position.

Abstract: A system for finishing the cylindrical interior of a workpiece on a single machine is disclosed. The workpiece is mounted to allow access to its cylindrical interior from each end. A skiving tool is advanced into and through the cylindrical interior of the workpiece from one end to machine the cylindrical interior. As the skiving tool is operating, cutting oil is introduced into the cylindrical interior of the workpiece to entrain the chips generated by the skiving tool and flush the chips out through the second end of the workpiece. The cutting oil and entrained chips are deflected at the second end of the workpiece into a collector during operation of the skiving tool. The deflector is moveable to expose the second end of the workpiece when operation of the skiving tool is completed. A honing tool is advanced into and through the cylindrical interior of the workpiece from the second end thereof after the deflector has been moved and skiving completed.

Abstract: An aspherical surface generating method and apparatus which optimizes the path of a moving cutting tool tip to fit a given aspherical surface of revolution to be cut on a rotating work piece engaged by the moving tip. The apparatus is a modified spherical generator, the modifications and control of which adapt it to continuously match the curvature of the path of the moving cutting tool tip to that of the given aspherical surface of revolution by adjusting the dynamic machine center in the direction of the evolute of the curve, i.e. along the locus of the radius of curvature of the given surface at the tool tip.

Abstract: The method of making plastic lenses ready for fitting to the contour of the wearer's eye comprising supporting a blank of plastic at one end for rotation about a predetermined axis, turning the blank down to a predetermined diameter, making an annular face cut at the distal end of the blank of predetermined radial width, making a spherically concave base cut at said distal end of predetermined depth relative to said annular face cut, reversing the blank end-for-end, making a first spherically convex cut at said end of the blank of a predetermined radius such that the distance between the inner and outer surfaces is of a predetermined thickness and making a flange cut at the marginal edge of the outer convex surface of lesser radius of curvature; and apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A boring bar for machining an internal spherical surface. The bar has a cutting element and a holder therefor both of which rotate bodily with the bar and are simultaneously pivotable in a cutting operation about an axis transverse to the rotational axis. At the same time, the portion of the holder carrying the cutting element can be adjusted radially to the transverse axis for precise positioning of the cutting element. Remotely operable actuator mechanisms are provided, one for pivoting the holder to make the cut and the other for making the radial adjustment to set the cutting element initially to the desired radius dimension and subsequently to compensate for wear, the latter mechanism being uniquely constructed and arranged to make the adjustment while the boring bar is still rotating so as not to affect the normal cycle time of the machine and to provide solid support for the cutting element in all adjusted positions thereof.

Abstract: A grooving bar is provided for machining grooves on the inside surface of a casting or the like, such as the split casing for a pump. The grooving bar of the present invention can be inserted into a casing, adjusted for a precision cut and moved from one cutting location to the next. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a geared-down adjustment mechanism is provided for precise feeding of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A tool carriage for a lathe which permits guiding the tool to cut aspherical lense-shaped surfaces with desired shape factors with only pivotal carriage movement and no carriage translation during the cutting operation. The tool is pivoted about different centers during successive intervals of arc with smooth but instantaneous transitions from one center to another to provide a smoothly contoured aspherical lense-shaped surface. The tool carriage has at least two relatively rotatable, interfitting eccentric ring members (50 and 52) each having an inner and an outer circular bearing which are eccentric to each other. The tool is supported on an inner bearing member (66) which rotatably mates within the innermost one of the eccentric ring members (50 and 52). The outermost eccentric ring member (52) rotatably mates within an outer bearing member (62) which is mounted to a support frame supported by the base of the lathe.

Abstract: Generating lens surfaces to true toric shapes with lens surfacing machinery employing a cutting tool having a single cutting edge and provision for universal adjustment of its effective cutting radius.

Abstract: A boring head for use in machining the inner surface of a vertical work piece wall having inner and outer surfaces and a central opening therethrough to produce a flat, plane, discoid surface where a boring machine and a boring bar to which the boring head is to be attached are situated adjacent the outer surface of the vertical work piece wall. The boring bar and work piece are positioned to have the boring bar axis of rotation coincident with the axis of the desired final machined discoid surface. A taper shank extending outwardly from a main body of the boring bar projects through the work piece wall opening to fasten to the boring bar to position the boring head in adjacent relation to the inner surface of the work piece wall. A tool slide extends longitudinally outwardly from the main body radially of the axis of rotation of the boring bar.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to numerically controlled contour machining, and particularly to an apparatus and method for performing such operations on a "bar-type" horizontal boring mill using the spindle bar to vary the cutting radius of the rotating cutting tool and the machine table to feed the workpiece toward the cutting tool.

Abstract: A quartz crystal resonator adapted to resonate in the thickness shear mode has a wafer with a sculptured recessed portion on at least one surface. The recessed portion can be exceptionally thin without loss of structural integrity to produce relatively high frequency fundamental crystals. A novel apparatus is used to machine the central portion of the major surface of the flat wafer to form a recessed portion.

Abstract: A turning boring head or the like has a tool, designed for radial adjustment, and whose tool support is able to undergo feed motion, using liquid power into a position dependent on the desired size of the bore being machined. The bore rod body has not only a pressure medium powered tool support designed for fine positioning of the fine-adjustment cutting tool, but furthermore at least one further tool support for a further cutting tool.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a transverse slot about a bore of smaller diameter than that of the slot are disclosed. The invention consists of introducing a cutting head facing transversely to the bore, through the bore opening its distance from the mill shaft being progressively extended by the addition of spacers between the head and the shaft until the desired slot depth is obtained. The spacers are held in position by a cable passing from the cutting head through the series of spacers and out along the mill shaft. The mill shaft carrying the cutting head is moved transversely into the object wherein the slot is being cut as the object is being rotated thereabout by the mill table to which it is affixed.

Abstract: The method of making plastic lenses ready for fitting to the contour of the wearer's eye comprising supporting a blank of plastic at one end for rotation about a predetermined axis, turning the blank down to a predetermined diameter, making an annular face cut at the distal end of the blank of predetermined radial width, making a spherically concave base cut at said distal end of predetermined depth relative to said annular face cut, reversing the blank end-for-end, making a first spherically convex cut at said end of the blank of a predetermined radius such that the distance between the inner and outer surfaces is of a predetermined thickness and making a flange cut at the marginal edge of the outer convex surface of lesser radius of curvature; and apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A facing and boring head includes a supporting member in the form of a circular disc secured at its back to the spindle of a lathe or the like. A slide is displaceable radially at the front of the supporting member in a guide extending perpendicularly and symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation and provides for securement of a tool holder thereto. A counterweight is displaceable in the opposite radial direction between the front of the supporting member and the slide. The mass of the counterweight corresponds to that of the slide, including the tool holder and tool. A gear causes an opposite and equal radial movement of the slide and counterweight, depending on a positioning element. A cylindrical housing surrounds the slide, the counterweight, their guides and the gear. The housing is flanged-mounted on the supporting member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spherical bearing seat cutter machine for cutting large spherical bearing seats, such as, those used in equipment which is installed in power-generating stations and other like plants. The apparatus includes a pair of spaced supports, each of which is adapted to be connected to a workpiece. A drive shaft is rotatably mounted in the supports. A rotary drive is connected to the drive shaft for rotating the drive shaft in the supports. A cutter assembly is mounted on the drive shaft, which cutter assembly includes a cutting tool which travels on an arcuate track for cutting a spherical bearing seat. The cutter assembly includes a counterweight opposite the cutting tool. An arcuate drive is connected to the cutting tool for moving the cutting tool along the arcuate track as the drive shaft rotates. The machine also includes an axial drive for moving the cutter assembly axially along the drive shaft for making a straight or cylindrical cut.

Abstract: A boring machine has two spindle driven boring bars mounted on a common slide and supported by separate quills, each of which is movable relative to the slide. A stop on each quill locates its respective boring bar relative to a locating surface on the workpiece so that a cutting tool on each boring bar can be fed radially to machine the face of a counterbore at the desired depth relative to the locating surface on the workpiece. The machine includes a compensating mechanism for adjusting the cutting tools on each boring bar to compensate for tool wear.

Abstract: A tool fixture is provided for precise pre-alignment of a radiused edge cutting tool in a tool holder relative to a fixed reference pivot point established on said holder about which the tool holder may be selectively pivoted relative to the fixture base member to change the contact point of the tool cutting edge with a workpiece while maintaining the precise same tool cutting radius relative to the reference pivot point.

Abstract: A facing and grooving tool comprising a feed-out tool block installed in a tool slot of a boring bar and a feed-out actuator mounted on the bar around this tool block. A lever on the feed-out actuator is held in a stationary position while the bar rotates, thereby setting the actuating mechanism into operation and driving the cutting edge of a moveable tool section incrementally across a workpiece in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the bar, producing a flat surface. The actuator may be split for easy installation. Special tool block tips are used for grooving.

Abstract: A lathe for forming contact lenses in a single cut includes a support member for hingedly mounting the tool holder turret. A lever arm extends from the tool holder turret and perpendicular to the rotational axis thereof for supporting two rollers, the first of which is positioned at the free end of the lever arm and the second of which is positioned intermediate the first roller and the axis of rotation of the turret. There is also provided a circular cam having a rising profile on which the first roller rides.

Abstract: A lathe for generating spherical surfaces of selected radiis on workpieces in the usual manner but which is provided with curve-selecting adjustable means for generating aspherical surfaces which deviate from the spherical surfaces in a predetermined relationship. The lathe is provided with a spindle which carries the workpiece for rotation about its axis and a feed carriage which carries a suitable surface forming tool for swinging about a fixed pivot in contact with the face or surface of the workpiece. The feed carriage for supporting the tool includes means for supporting it for axial floating movement into contact with the surface of the workpiece. The curve-selecting adjustable means for causing deviations from spherical in the surface produced on the workpiece includes a mechanical linkage having a link pivotably interconnected to the feed carriage along its centerline which passes through the fixed pivot, and to a mount positioned in predetermined relationship to the fixed pivot.

Abstract: A portable boring tool for refinishing the seal ring seats on ball valves is provided with a base plate which is mounted on top of the valve. A housing is supported by the base plate in a manner that permits linear movement of the housing. The housing contains gearing for transmitting motion from an input shaft above the base plate to a cutter assembly drive shaft below the base plate. The cutter assembly drive shaft rotates an automatically indexing cutter head assembly to cut successively smaller circles of material from the surface being refinished. A handwheel and feed screw arrangement is provided for moving the housing and cutter head assembly along a linear path. A micrometer is provided for limiting the depth of cut to be taken into the surface being refinished.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a contact lens by machining a lens blank in a suitable machinable condition. The concave lens surface is machined first and the circumferential edge surface is then machined with the blank mounted in the same position. The partly formed blank is repositioned and the convex lens surface machined.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of forming a surface on, for instance, a contact lens. The apparatus includes first and second movable members. The first member is pivotally connected to suitable support structure for rotation about a first axis. The second member, which supports a cutting tool, is pivotally connected to the first member for rotation about a second axis. This second axis is offset from the first axis so that it (the second axis) rotates or pivots about the first axis when the first member is rotated. The apparatus also includes a cam surface and a cam follower. In the first embodiment the cam follower is located on the second member and the cam surface is located on a cam or third member which is pivotally connected to the support structure for rotation about a third axis. This third member is also interconnected with the first member so that rotation of the third member rotates or pivots the first member about the first axis.

Abstract: According to the present invention the radial feed mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder on the rod of which is rigidly fixed a holder connected with the housing of the radial feed mechanism by springs which ensure the cutting force of the cutting tool. At one end the springs bear against the housing of the radial feed mechanism while at the other end they bear against the holder rotated by a drive mounted on the tool head body and the shaft of said drive is rigidly connected with the housing of the radial feed mechanism. The housing of the radial feed mechanism carries a slide valve whose rod interacts with the profiled surface of a master form rigidly fixed on the tool head body. The holder is provided with rollers for tracing the internal surface of the welded pipe. The advantage of the device according to the present invention resides in that it ensures removal of flesh regardless of its temperature.

Abstract: A micromachining tool system with X- and omega-axes is used to machine spherical, aspherical, and irregular surfaces with a maximum contour error of 100 nonometers (nm) and surface waviness of no more than 0.8 nm RMS. The omega axis, named for the angular measurement of the rotation of an eccentric mechanism supporting one end of a tool bar, enables the pulse increments of the tool toward the workpiece to be as little as 0 to 4.4 nm. A dedicated computer coordinates motion in the two axes to produce the workpiece contour. Inertia is reduced by reducing the mass pulsed toward the workpiece to about one-fifth of its former value. The tool system includes calibration instruments to calibrate the micromachining tool system. Backlash is reduced and flexing decreased by using a rotary table and servomotor to pulse the tool in the omega-axis instead of a ball screw mechanism.

Abstract: The invention relates to a facing and inside-turning head comprising a supporting body to be fixed by its back to the spindle of a turning machine, a slide shiftable radially at the front of the supporting body in a guide extending perpendicularly and symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation, to which slide a tool holder can be fixed, and an adjusting rod slidable in the supporting body coaxially with the axis of rotation and the axial movement of which produces a radial movement of the slide via an interposed drive along with a counter weight also actuatable by the interposed drive.

Abstract: A machine for generating surfaces of various characteristics on workpieces. It is similar in overall construction to the usual lathe which has a headstock for rotating the workpiece about its axis and a tool carriage which is mounted on a pivot for swinging movement relative to the headstock so that the tool, when adjusted into engagement with the face of the workpiece, will produce a spherical surface thereon. However, the present invention provides a special eccentric control unit in cooperation with the tool carriage for advancing or retracting it relative to the face of the workpiece, as the tool carriage swings, so that aspherical surfaces will be produced thereon by the tool. This eccentric unit is such that it can be readily set to obtain, accurately, surfaces of various preselected characteristics.

Abstract: A lathe for generating spherical surfaces of selected radiis on workpieces in the usual manner but which is provided with curve-selecting adjustable means for generating aspherical surfaces which deviate from the spherical surfaces in a predetermined relationship. The lathe is provided with the usual spindle which carries the workpiece for rotation about its fixed axis and a feed carriage which carries a suitable generating tool for swinging about a fixed pivot in generating contact with the face or surface of the workpiece. The feed carriage for supporting the generating tool includes means for supporting it for axial floating movement and means for constantly biasing it into contact with the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A spin lathe embodying novel means to deliver pressurized fluid to means controlling operation of the work holding chuck, and a manually adjustable hydraulically actuated switch element for limiting travel of the work piece forging tool for "necking" operations. Also embodied in the structure is a novel turntable mounting for the forging tool and the method and means to blow out the hole in the partially closed end of the work piece prior to final closing of said end.

Abstract: Guide means are provided to guide a boring bar to provide a concentric opening in a work piece. The boring bar is in the form of a hollow sleeve which is guided by a separable guide pin fixed to a work table and which telescopes into the sleeve as the boring bar moves into the work piece. In one embodiment, a guide element projects inwardly into the opening in the sleeve to engage the guide pin. In another embodiment a roller bearing has a portion of its periphery projecting through a slot in the boring bar into the interior of the sleeve to engage the telescoping guide pin. Use of the hollow boring bar and the telescopic guide pin minimizes the length which otherwise would be required for a boring bar with guide means.