Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating gas introduced into a vessel containing a particulate material at a temperature less than that of the gas in a manner so that said material reduces the temperature of the gas and the gas entrains at least a portion of the material. The entrained material is then separated from the gas and passed to a heat exchanger to cool the material while the separated gas is passed to a turbine to drive same. At least a portion of the exhaust gas from the turbine is passed to the heat exchanger in a manner to fluidize the material in the heat exchanger and the cooled separated material is returned back to the vessel.

Abstract: A method of removing polluting noxious substances from a flow of flue-gas including sulfur dioxide, nitric oxides and heavy metals is disclosed. The method consists of passing the flue-gas material through sized-reduced leonardite to assure that it will have a high display of adsorption capacities. The Leonardite is superior to commercially available carbonized char products such as activated carbon, as well as the traditional lignite coke material.

Abstract: Removal NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from the flue gas utilizing a transport line adsorber through which sorbent is transported by pressurized flue gas to cause the sorbent to absorb NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from the flue gas while the flue gas is transporting the sorbent particles through the transport line adsorber. A plurality of interconnected cyclones may be utilized to contact sorbent saturated with NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x removed from the flue gas with a heated gas to heat the sorbent and remove the NO.sub.x from the sorbent and separate the sorbent and the heated gas to produce an off stream of heated gas carrying the removed NO.sub.x away; the heated gas and gravity combine to pass the sorbent through the plurality of cyclones and which cyclones are positioned vertically and successively downwardly with respect to each other. A plurality of interconnected cyclones is also utilized to contact heated sorbent having the NO.sub.x and SO.sub.

Abstract: A process produces fibers from polymers which give off troublesome gases and/or vapors during spinning, comprising the steps of:a) extruding the molten polymer through a spinneret into a closed spinning shaft,b) quenching the resulting filaments in the spinning shaft with a gas,c) taking off the resulting filaments from the spinning shaft,d) conducting the quench gas away from the spinning shaft and introducing it into a gas purification system ande) purifying the used quench gas by contact with an adsorbent for said troublesome gases and/or vapors.It is possible by the present invention to keep hazardous gases occurring during the spinning of polymers away from the surroundings and to dispose of them. Suitable polymers are in particular polyphenylene sulfides.

Abstract: An improved process is for the removal of sulfur oxides from gas or liquid media containing oxygen and water by contacting said media with a catalytically-active carbonaceous char. The improvement is provided by the use of a catalytically-active carbonaceous char prepared by low-temperature carbonization and oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous coal-like material followed by exposure to a nitrogen-containing compound during the initial high-temperature exposure of the low-temperature oxidized char. Following this initial high-temperature treatment the material can be further calcined or activated as desired.

Abstract: Removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from flue gas utilizing a transport line adsorber through which sorbent is transported by pressurized flue gas to cause the sorbent to adsorb NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from the flue gas while the flue gas is transporting the sorbent through the transport line adsorber A plurality of interconnected cyclones is utilized to contact sorbent saturated with NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x removed from the flue gas with a heated gas to heat the sorbent and remove the NO.sub.x from the sorbent and separate the sorbent and the heated gas to produce an off stream of heated gas carrying the removed NO.sub.x away; the heated gas and gravity combine to pass the sorbent through the plurality of cyclones and which cyclones are positioned vertically and successively downwardly with respect to each other. A plurality of interconnected cyclones is also utilized to contact heated sorbent having the NO.sub.x and SO.sub.

Abstract: Reaction rates in chemisorption reactions involving solid reactants and gaseous ligands are improved by maintaining optimized solid density throughout the reaction. Methods and apparatus which restrict volumetric solid expansion, compression of the solid reactant, and mixture with inert solid porous or particulate materials are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a production process of formed activated coke for SOx and NOx removal which is employed in treatment systems for various flue gases and the like.The formed activated coke for SOx and NOx removal obtained in accordance with the process of this invention has excellent pressure resistance, abrasion resistance and impact strength and also superb SOx- and NOx-removing ability, so that the coke is suitable for use in moving-bed, SOx and NOx- removing systems.The formed activated coke for SOx and NOx removal can of course show excellent SOx- and NOx-removing effects when employed in conventional SOx- and NOx-removing processes and, moreover, owing to its characteristic high NOx-removing ability, is suited for the removal of NOx from low-SOx flue gas of a fluidized-bed combustion boiler or cogeneration power plant.According to the process of this invention, dried, formed activated coke prepared from coal as a raw material is reacted with SO.sub.3 gas at 100.degree.-300.degree. C.

Abstract: In this method and this apparatus exit gases to be purified from kiln installations are first of all dedusted in a first filter stage and then in at least one further filter stage they are purified of the NH.sub.x compounds and/or volatile pollutant elements and compounds with at least partial reduction of NO.sub.x with the aid of a carbonaceous filter medium. In order that the filter dust precipitated in the first filter stage can without problems either be re-used in a suitable manner of deposited in simple refuse dumps, the proportion of low-boiling pollutants and pollutant compounds in this precipitated filter dust is reduced by successive method steps in which the said pollutants are evaporated out of the filter dust, the quantities of dust are precipitated out of these vapors and the dedusted vapours are passed through a filter unit containing a carbonaceous filter medium.

Abstract: A process of preparing lignite (low rank) coal filter material, suitable for use in lieu of more expensive activated carbon filter materials, is disclosed. The process comprises size reducing Leonardite coal material to a suitable filtering effective size, and thereafter heating the size reduced Leonardite preferably to at least 750.degree. C. in the presence of a flow of an inert gas.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing sulfur oxides from gaseous mixtures such as flue gases or tail gases. The process involves contacting the gaseous mixture with a non-functionalized polymeric sorbent which is essentially hydrophobic, such as styrenic polymers. The process may utilize pressure swing adsorption techniques, and is capable of producing a desorption stream with an SO.sub.2 concentration suitable for immediate conversion to elemental sulfur by the Claus process.