Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes a feedback amplification circuit having flat and wideband frequency characteristics in which the linearity within a band is excellent. As a result, frequency characteristics of the optical transmission apparatus are improved. A feedback amplification circuit is structured with an amplifier including a transistor receiving an input signal at the base thereof, a first feedback path including a feedback resistance provided between the input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier, i.e.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory recovers variation in the threshold of a memory cell due to disturbance related to a word line. The nonvolatile memory continuously performs many writing operations without carrying out single-sector erasing after each writing operation, performing the additional writing operations quicker than the usual writing operation, and lightening the burden imposed on software for use in additional writing. The data stored in a designated sector is read out before being saved in a register, and the selected sector is subjected to single-sector erasing when a predetermined command is given. Then write expected value data is formed from the saved data and data to be additionally written, completing the writing operation.

Abstract: The pump controller 40 determines pump load torques T.sub.r1, T.sub.r2 from tilting signals .theta..sub.1, .theta..sub.2 of hydraulic pumps 1, 2 and delivery pressure signals P.sub.D1, P.sub.D2 of the hydraulic pumps 1, 2 based on T.sub.r1 =K.multidot..theta..sub.1 .multidot.P.sub.D1 and T.sub.r2 =K.multidot..theta..sub.2 .multidot.P.sub.D2 (K: constant), and adds these pump load torques to provide a resulting value as an engine load torque signal T. Using the signal T, an engine controller 50 calculates fuel injecting timing depending on the engine load torque to control a timer actuator 55. This makes it possible to control the fuel injection timing with good response and high accuracy following load fluctuation, achieve optimum combustion, and prevent such a deterioration of exhaust gas as caused by the generation of No.sub.x.

Abstract: A sample analysis system includes blood serum analysis units, blood plasma analysis units and urine analysis units which are arranged along a main conveyor line. The width size of each analysis unit on the side along the main conveyor line is the same. Each analysis unit can be removed integral with a sampling line and its rack transfer device from, the main conveyor line. Removed analysis units can be replaced by each other without changing the entry and exit positions for the sample rack. The conveyor line has the same number of line frame segments as the number of the analysis units.

Abstract: A pump controller (40) calculates a pump maximum absorbing horsepower and a pump required horsepower based on an accelerator signal, a pump delivery pressure and an operation signal, determines an engine required horsepower (PN) by selecting minimum one of both horsepower values, and calculates a pump required revolution speed based on the accelerator signal, the operation signal and an engine revolution speed signal to determine an engine required revolution speed (NN). The engine controller (40) determines, from the engine required horsepower (PN), a required-horsepower-referenced target engine revolution speed (NK) at which a fuel consumption rate is minimized, and selects larger one of the engine required revolution speed (NN) and the target engine revolution speed (NK) as an engine target revolution speed (NZ) to control an injected fuel amount and fuel injection timing, thereby controlling an engine torque and an engine output revolution speed.

Abstract: A negative pattern is formed to be transparent in the far ultraviolet region including the wavelength 193 nm of an ArF excimer laser and, despite its chemical structure having high dry etching, does not swell and has excellent resolution. An acid-catalyzed reaction is utilized wherein a .gamma.-hydroxy or .delta.-hydroxy carboxylic acid structure is partially or entirely converted to a .gamma.-lactone or .delta.-lactone structure. The negative pattern is developed with an aqueous alkali solution without swelling.

Abstract: An IC card reader/writer having a body which includes an IC insertion slot and an operation display section. The body is separable into an upper cover and a lower portion. The upper cover and the lower portion are displaced from each other to form a step on the side of the body formed with the IC card insertion slot. Further, a rack recessed from the step is formed on the portion of the body having the IC card insertion slot. Furthermore, the surface of the upper cover is curved upward in the direction away from the IC card insertion slot in such a manner as to increase the thickness progressively toward the side of the body far from the IC card insertion slot, and a display section is located on the slope of the curved portion. The operating area of the IC card reader/writer has function keys.

Abstract: A fluorescence detection capillary array electrophoresis analyzer comprising a capillary array holder holding a plurality of capillary array units and a transferring unit for transferring in turn the capillary array units held by the capillary array holder to a sample injection station, a fluorescence detection station or a gel refresh station, which reduces the time required for pre-electrophoresis and replacement of a used gel by fresh gel, and conducts efficient and automatic analysis. Furthermore, the analyzer automatically discharges residual samples remaining in the capillaries, and hence automatically analyzes a large number of samples by electrophoresis.

Abstract: A waste-to-energy incineration system, in which the amount and heat value of exhaust gas largely changes in long and short periods, comprises an incinerator for burning waste, a boiler in the incinerator for generating steam with exhaust heat generated by the incinerator, a superheater for superheating steam generated in the boiler, a steam turbine driven by steam superheated by the superheater, a generator driven by the steam turbine, a fuel reformer for reforming source fuel, and a combustor burning fuel gas reformed by the fuel reformer and at least a part of exhaust gas led from the incinerator which is able to stably decompose generated dioxin in waste incineration exhaust gas.

Abstract: When an access request is generated from a client in a network file server comprising a computer including a communication controller connected to at least one client through a network and transferring information on a plurality of addresses inside a main storage device as one packet to at least one client, the main storage device having a buffer, a central processing unit and an input/output bus for mutually connecting the communication controller, the central processing unit and the main storage device, and a secondary storage device connected to the computer, an area for storing the data corresponding to this access request is allocated into the buffer of the main storage device. The data corresponding to the access request is read out from the secondary storage device, is transferred to the buffer and is stored in the allocated area.

Abstract: A semitransparent phase shifting mask has, in the periphery of a pattern element area, a light shielding portion which is formed by a semitransparent phase shifting portion and a transparent portion with the optimal size combination. A pattern is formed employing the semitransparent phase shifting mask.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium including a substrate and a magnetic layer on the substrate which is a Co-based alloy including Pt and/or Ir, including at least one of Ti, Zr, Hr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge, and Si, and including oxygen. A magnetic memory apparatus including the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A two-part container has a base and a ring. Latches along the lower part of the ring secure the ring to the base and the container is assembled in an upright position in which a flowable material is charged into the container. To dispense the material, a center outlet is provided in the base and the interior walls of the base are slanted toward the outlet. A cutoff device slides across the opening to control the flow of material through the outlet, and the cutoff device can be blocked into place. Once the container is emptied, the ring can be removed and inverted in its orientation and placed over top of the base for assembling the ring and base in a collapsed position in which the container can be returned to the distributor or distribution center. The container is stackable in both the upright and collapsed positions, and the lid sits over the top of the ring when it is assembled in the upright position and over the bottom of the ring when it is assembled in the collapsed position.

Abstract: The magnetoresistance effect element is of a multilayered structure having at least magnetic layers and an intermediate layer of an insulating material, a semiconductor or an antiferromagnetic material against the magnetic layers, and the magnetoresistance effect element has terminals formed at least on the opposite magnetic layers, respectively, so that a current flows in the intermediate layer. The film surfaces of all the magnetic layers constituting the magnetoresistance effect element are opposed substantially at right angles to the recording surface of a magnetic recording medium. Therefore, the area of the magnetic layers facing the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium can be extremely reduced, and thus the magnetic field from a very narrow region of the high-denisity recorded magnetic recording medium can be detected by the current which has a tunneling characteristic and passes through the intermediate layer.

Abstract: In a multi-processor system interconnecting processor units, memory units, and input/output units connected to input/output devices via a crossbar switch having a plurality of ports, the transmitter of each processor unit has a circuit for determining a destination of an access request in the following manner. For an access request to a main memory, the access request is transferred to all processor units and one memory unit storing the data to be accessed. For an access request to a memory mapped register of the input/output device, the access request is broadcast to all input/output units. For an access request to a memory mapped register belonging to any one of the processor units, memory units, and input/output units, the access request is broadcast to all units via the crossbar switch.

Abstract: A multicore cable includes a plurality of cables in parallel and is formed by fusion-welding the plurality of cables with a resin jacket. Each of the plurality of cables is formed by winding a shield around a signaling core wire, which is covered with an insulating material, and a grounding core wire. The resin jacket and the shield are stripped so that a stair portion is formed. The stair portion is coated with an electrically conductive adhesive. A vibration is exerted on the grounding core wire, thereby connecting the shield with the grounding core wire with the electrically conductive adhesive. Eventually, the shield and the grounding core wire are bonded with the electrically conductive adhesive. This allows an electrical connection between the shield and the grounding core wire to be maintained in a desirable condition, thus making it possible to suppress a characteristic impedance variation of the signaling core wire caused by an external factor.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprising an ionization means for ionizing sample compounds to be analyzed mass spectro-scopically in an atmospheric pressure, a sample solution supply means for supplying a solution containing the sample compounds to the ionization means, means for feeding the ions formed by the ionization means through an aperture disposed in an electrode into a vacuum region, and anion trap type mass spectroscopic means for mass spectroscopically analyzing ions entered through the aperture into the vacuum region, in which an ion decelerating electric field forming means is disposed between the electrode disposed with the aperture and an electrode disposed with an ion entrance opening for entering the ions into the ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for forming an electric field for decelerating the ions, and the ions injected to the ion trap mass spectroscopic means is lowered.