Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units. The neutralizing agent comprises a member selected from the group of dimethylaminoethanol and dimethylisopropanolamine. The neutralizing agent may be added directly to the charge, in a reflux line, or directly to the overhead line of the refining unit. In those instances in which sour crude is to be refined, it is desirable that dimethylisopropanolamine be used in conjunction with the dimethylaminoethanol. The neutralizing agents are added in an amount sufficient to elevate the pH of the condensate (as measured at the accumulator) to within the pH range of 4.5-7.

Abstract: Method and composition for controlling the deposition of scale imparting precipitates on structural parts of a system exposed to an aqueous medium containing scale imparting precipitates, under scale imparting conditions, are disclosed. Specifically, these precipitates are either calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate or mixtures thereof. The method and composition are also efficacious in dispersing inorganic and organic matter, which may exist within a cooling system, boiler system, or the like. The composition comprises an acrylic acid/lower alkyl hydroxylated acrylate copolymer (I) which is administered to the system in combination with an ester of an aliphatic sulphodicarboxylic acid (II). Preferred esters include the dioctylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid, the diisobutylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid, the dihexylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid, and the diamylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid.

Abstract: A method for reducing corrosion of metal surfaces is disclosed according to which a specific corrosion inhibitor is utilized. The inhibitor comprises water-soluble zinc compound, water-soluble chromate compound and copolymer of acrylic acid and hydroxylated lower alkyl acrylate. Water-soluble orthophosphate can also be used.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases derived from furnaces burning high sulfur content fuels. The method comprises spraying flue gases with an aqueous medium containing (i) a material either dissolved or slurried therein, which material reacts with the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to produce calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite, and (ii) a composition comprising a substantially linear water-soluble sulfonated polystyrene, and an organo-phosphonic acid derivative having the structural formula (X).sub.2 N--R--N(X).sub.2 where R is a lower alkyl of from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, X is hydrogen or the group -- CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 M.sub.2, where M is a water-soluble cation, the compound being further characterized in that at least one but preferably all X's are --CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 M.sub.2. In certain instances it is desirable to use in conjunction with the invention a water-soluble lignosulfonate.

Abstract: A method of dewatering bio-sludge is disclosed. This method comprises adding to the sludge, an effective amount for the purpose of an acrylamide/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate methylchloride copolymer having a cationic charge density of 90%.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion and controlling deposition in an iron containing aqueous medium is disclosed. The method is capable of providing for the formation of a protective passive oxide film on the metallic surfaces in contact with the aqueous medium without resulting in unacceptable iron based deposition or fouling. Surprisingly, the method does not call for the addition of an organic-phosphonic acid compound or derivative to the aqueous medium as would be normally expected due to the known iron dispersing characteristics of these type compounds. The invention comprises maintaining the pH level at 5.5 or above, assuring that a certain minimal calcium or other ion level is maintained, and adding to the system an orthophosphate compound and a water soluble acrylic acid/hydroxyalkylacrylate copolymer.

Abstract: Method for enhancing the removal of particles from a particle-laden gas stream utilizing an electrostatic precipitator, which comprises treating the gas with morpholine or derivatives thereof. Treated particles are found to also have desirable flow characteristics. Particularly effective compositions for the purpose comprise a combination of the morpholine, or derivative thereof, with an electrostatic precipitator efficiency enhancer, and in particular an alkanolamine.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for inhibiting scale formation and dispersing solids particulate matter in aqueous mediums. An acrylic acid/lower alkyl hydroxy acrylate copolymer (I) in combination with a water soluble polymeric material (II) having the formula ##STR1## wherein a or b may be zero or a positive integer, with the proviso that a+b>1; and wherein d is H or HSO.sub.3, are disclosed. The method comprises administering from about 0.1-500 parts (based upon 1 million parts of the aqueous medium treated) of the combined treatment (I and II) to the particular aqueous system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Method and composition for controlling the deposition of scale imparting precipitates on structural parts of a system exposed to an aqueous medium containing scale imparting precipitates, under scale imparting conditions, are disclosed. Specifically, these precipitates are either calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate or mixtures thereof. The method and composition are also efficacious in dispersing inorganic matter, which may exist within a cooling system, boiler system, or the like.

Abstract: An improved method for inhibiting sulfite oxidation in scrubber liquor of the type containing sulfite species is disclosed. A topping agent selected from the group consisting of polyphosphate compounds, and organo-phosphonic acid compounds, and mixtures thereof, is added to the scrubbing liquor to supplement and enhance the antioxidant activity of sulfite antioxidant agents such as the linear polyethyleneamines and substituted secondary and tertiary aromatic amines.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for treating corroding aqueous mediums to reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces exposed thereto. The treatment comprises water-soluble chromate and a copolymer of acrylic acid and hydroxy alkyl acrylate.

Abstract: Method and composition for controlling the deposition of scale imparting precipitates on structural parts of a system exposed to an aqueous medium containing scale imparting precipitates, under scale imparting conditions are disclosed. Specifically, these precipitates are either calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate or mixtures thereof. The method and composition are also efficacious in dispersing inorganic and organic matter, which may exist within a cooling system, boiler system, or the like. The composition comprises an acrylic acid/lower alkyl hydroxylated acrylate copolymer (I) which is administered to the system in combination with an alkyl phenoxy polyethoxyethanol compound (II). The method comprises administering an effective amount of the combined treatment (I and II) to the aqueous system to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating an aqueous medium containing magnesium sulfite tri-hydrate under precipitating conditions which method comprises adding to the medium an effective amount for the purpose of a sulfur-containing lignin.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed comprising a stable aqueous solution of (i) water-soluble zinc compound, (ii) water-soluble chromate compound and (iii) a particular type of water-soluble polymer composed essentially of moieties derived from acrylic acid and hydroxylated lower alkyl acrylates. The composition could additionally comprise (iiii) orthophosphate.

Abstract: Method and composition for controlling the deposition of scale imparting precipitates on structural parts of a system exposed to an aqueous medium containing scale imparting precipitates, under scale imparting conditions, are disclosed. Specifically, these precipitates are either calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate or mixtures thereof. The method and composition are also efficacious in dispersing inorganic and organic matter, which may exist within a cooling system, boiler system, or the like. The composition comprises an acrylic acid/lower alkyl hydroxylated acrylate copolymer (I) which is administered to the system in combination with an ester of an aliphatic sulphodicarboxylic acid (II). Preferred esters include the dioctylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid, the diisobutylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid, the dihexylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid, and the diamylester of sodium sulphosuccinic acid.

Abstract: A method for reducing the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate in a sulfite-containing aqueous medium is disclosed and comprises adding to the medium water-soluble polyethyleneamine having at least one secondary amine and two primary amines.

Abstract: The invention deals with a method and composition(s) for use in inhibiting corrosion of metallic parts in contact with aqueous systems. It has been discovered that protective oxide films can be formed on the metallic surface if such is allowed to contact an aqueous system containing a sufficient amount for the purpose of a polymer composed primarily of acrylic moieties and hydroxylated lower alkyl acrylate moieties and a water-soluble orthophosphate. Optionally but desirably, polyphosphates, organo-phosphonates, and copper corrosion inhibitors may be included.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for treating corroding aqueous mediums to reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces exposed thereto. The treatment comprises water-soluble chromate and a copolymer of acrylic acid and hydroxy alkyl acrylate.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gas is disclosed which utilizes, as a scrubber sludge dewatering aid, polyethylene oxide or derivative thereof.

Abstract: An improved oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed which comprises hydrazine-free solution of hydroquinone and mu-amine. Representative examples of mu-amines include: aminomethylpropanol, triethylenetetramine, diisopropanolamine, secbutylamine, monoisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, monoethanolamine, dimethyl(iso)propanolamine, methoxypropylamine, and diethylaminoethanol.