Abstract: A method for reducing the amount of oxygen in an oxygen-containing aqueous medium comprising adding to the medium an effective amount of a hydrazine-free aqueous solution of an aminophenol compound or acid salt thereof having the formula ##STR1## where a=1, 2, or 3;b is 0 or 1 andx=amino or alkylamino (C1-C4).

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this combined treatment (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and n-dodecylguanidine or water soluble salt thereof. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this combined treatment (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system of which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD) and "Belclene 350." The active biocidal component of the "Belclene 350" product is tri n-butyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this composition (i.e., BNPD and "Belclene 350" product) (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and compositions for controlling undesirable coke formation and deposition commonly encountered during the high temperature processing of hydrocarbons. During the processing of hydrocarbon, coke formation and, in particular, filamentous coke formation can be inhibited by adding a sufficient amount of a boron compound from the group of metal borides, boron oxide compounds, and boric acid which is substantially free of water. The boron oxide compounds are particularly effective, especially when utilized in a non-polar organic liquid carrier.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods of inhibiting acrylonitrile polymerization, particularly in quench columns of systems producing acrylonitrile, comprising adding to the acrylonitrile an effective amount for the purpose of (a) a hydroxylamine having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups, and (b) a para-phenylenediamine or derivative thereof having at least one N--H group. Preferably the phenylenediamine is a para-phenylenediamine having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl groups with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for inhibiting deposition of aluminum hydroxide in felts of a papermaking system which comprises adding to the felts an effective inhibiting amount of a hydroxylated carboxylic acid having at least 1 hydroxyl group and at least 2 carboxyl groups. The molecular weight of the carboxylic acid is from about 100 to about 200 and, preferably, the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, mesoxalic acid, tartronic acid and tetrahydroxy succinic acid. The use of these carboxylic acids in combination with surfactants provides an especially effective aluminum hydroxide inhibiting and total felt conditioning process when both components are applied to the felt.

Abstract: Scale control polymers and methods of use are disclosed. The polymers are water soluble and are composed of repeat units formed from an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated compound, and repeat units formed from allyl alkylene phosphite ethers.

Abstract: In a solid fuel furnace, such as a boiler, having a combustion zone in which the fuel is fired, a convection zone located downstream from said combustion zone and having a plurality of heater tubes disposed therein adapted to heat water or steam disposed therein, and in which convection zone combustion resides emanating from said solid fuel have a tendency to stick to or agglomerate upon said tubes, a method of decreasing said tendency to stick or agglomerate, comprising burning said fuel in the presence of a chromium containing compound adapted to form a chromium oxide compound upon combustion thereof.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effetive in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: The present invention involves the use of a methyl cellulose derivative to control the depositing tendency of adhesive materials contained in waste paper and paper products which are being utilized to produce finished paper products.

Abstract: Methods for chemically scavenging oxygen from an aqueous medium are disclosed. Linear, water soluble polyethyleneamines, such as pentaethylenehexamine, are added, as the sole oxygen scavenger, to the desired aqueous medium. Suitable environments for use of these amines comprise boiler feedwater and boiler steam condensate systems.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting the formation of coke during the elevated temperature cracking of hydrocarbons. The method generally comprises adding to the hydrocarbon an effective amount of an ammonium borate, particularly ammonium biborate and ammonium pentaborate. Preferably, the ammonium borates are in a glycollic solvent or water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of reducing the amount of hydrogen sulfide in hydrogen sulfide-containing aqueous or wet gaseous mediums without solids formation. This invention comprises adding an effective amount for the purpose of glyoxal or glyoxal in combination with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde to the desired hydrogen sulfide-containing medium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of hydroxylamine, its acid salts or mixtures thereof to prevent fouling during the basic washing of hydrocarbons containing oxygenated compounds. More specifically, oxygenated compounds such as carbonyl containing organics have a tendency to polymerize, producing fouling elements when such are contained in hydrocarbons being washed with basic materials. The hydroxylamine and its salts are quite effective in reducing the fouling tendencies due to these specific mechanisms.

Abstract: A method of controlling deposition and fouling in an aqueous mediums, such as in cooling water systems, wherein aluminum species are present in the system water. Normally, such aluminum species presence is caused by clarifier upsets and the like which in turn cause Al.sup.+3 contamination of the cooling system makeup water. The method comprises addition of certain water soluble acrylic acid type/allyl hydroxyl propyl sulfonate ether copolymers to the system.

Abstract: Methods for reducing organic color contamination in influent water are disclosed. The methods comprise adding to the influent water powdered activated carbon and a water soluble or water dispersible cationic polymer. The polymers are chosen from: (a) polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine with an epichlorohydrin or epoxide (b) cross-linked polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine, epichlorohydrin or epoxide, and a third reactant selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, alkylenediamines and polyamines and (c) substantially linear high molecular weight polyquaternary ammonium polymers of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,770, such as polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride. In a particularly unique aspect of the invention, the P.A.C. component is provided in the form of a slurry comprising a polysaccharide material such as a hydroyethyl or carboxymethyl cellulose material.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing organic color contamination in influent water are disclosed. The methods comprise adding to the influent water powdered activated carbon and a water soluble or water dispersible cationic polymer. The polymers are chosen from: (a) polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine with an epichlorohydrin or epoxide (b) cross-linked polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine, epichlorohydrin or epoxide, and a third reactant selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, alkylenediamines and polyamines and (c) substantially linear high molecular weight polyquaternary ammonium polymers of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,770, such as polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride. Compositions comprise a slurry comprising powdered activated carbon and at least one polymer chosen from the (a) (b) and (c) groupings and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing water and a water-soluble emulsion polymer by providing the optimum amount of mixing energy required for the polymer to effectively dissolve the polymer in the water without causing the polymer molecules to shear into smaller polymer molecules. The apparatus includes a pump means, a static mixing means and a mixing chamber means. A first circulation means connects the pump means to the mixing chamber means. A second circulation means connects the pump means to the static mixing means and further connects the static mixing means the mixing chamber means. A third circulation means connects the static mixing means to the mixing chamber means. Additionally, a flow control means selectively circulates a combined stream of the water and the polymer alternatively through the first circulation means, the second circulation means or the third circulation means. The method of using this apparatus is also disclosed.