Abstract: A method for inhibiting the formation of polymeric based fouling deposits normally formed during the caustic washing of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method comprises adding an effective amount for the purpose of an ethylenediamine compound (e.g., ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, etc.) to the caustic wash system.

Abstract: Gum and sediment formation in liquid hydrocarbon mediums are inhibited by adding to the medium an alkyl 1,2-dihydroquinoline compound, dimer, trimer or polymer thereof. The invention is particularly well-suited for use in hydrodesulfurizer processes wherein the hydrocarbon medium is typically a naphtha, diesel, kerosene, light gas and or residual fuel charge and the charge or medium is subjected to high temperature and pressure treatment in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of styrene monomer during elevated temperature processing thereof or during storage or shipment of styrene containing product. The compositions comprise a combination of (a) a phenylenediamine compound having at least one N-H bond and (b) a hindered phenol compound. The methods comprise adding from 1-10,000 ppm of the combination to the styrene medium, per one million parts of styrene.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting coke formation in pyrolytic reactors and furnaces are disclosed wherein effective alkaline earth metal salt coke retardant treatments are used. Exemplary coke retardant treatments include magnesium and calcium salts such as the acetate, chloride, and nitrate, and magnesium sulfate salt.

Abstract: Methods of controlling the formation of calcium oxalate in aqueous systems are disclosed. The methods comprise adding from about 0.1 to 500 ppm of a water soluble (meth)acrylic acid/allyl ether copolymer to the desired water system. The methods are especially well adapted for use in pulping and paper making systems wherein calcium oxalate is often encountered as a troublesome scale forming compound.

Abstract: A method for controlling the formation of fouling deposits in a liquid hydrocarbonaceous medium during processing at elevated temperatures is disclosed. The method comprises adding to said medium an antifoulant compound comprising an alkaline earth alkyl phosphonate phenate sulfide, an alkyl phosphonate phenate sulfide, an amine neutralized alkyl phosphonate phenate sulfide, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Multifunctional process antifoulant compositions and methods are disclosed. The compositions comprise (1) a polyalkenylthiophosphonic acid or ester thereof, and at least one additional antifouling component selected from the groups (2), (3) and (4) wherein (2) is an effective antioxidant compound adapted to inhibit oxygen based polymerization of said hydrocarbon or petrochemical, (3) is a corrosion inhibiting compound, and (4) is a metal deactivator. The process comprises adding from about 0.5-10,000 parts of the combination of (1) and additional antifoulant component(s) to the particular petrochemical or hydrocarbon for which multifunctional antifouling protection is desired.

Abstract: Methods for controlling the formation of fouling deposits in petroleum hydrocarbons or petrochemicals during processing at elevated temperatures are disclosed. The methods comprise adding from about 0.5-10,000 ppm of a Group II(a) cation salt of polyalkenylthiophosphonic acid to the desired petrochemical or hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD) and a trialkyl sulfonium salt, such as tetradecyl dimethyl sulfonium methosulfate (TDSM). The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this composition (i.e., BNPD and TDSM) (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for inhibiting the degradation, particulate and gum formation of distillate fuel oils prior to or during processing which comprises adding to the distillate fuel oil an effective inhibiting amount of a mixture of (a) a phosphite compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different and are alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups, and (b) an effective carboxylic acid having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is from about 1:5 to about 1000:1.

Abstract: Certain Mannich reaction products (i.e., alkylated phenol, polyamine, and an aldehyde) are used to deactivate first row transition metal species contained in hydrocarbon fluids. Left untreated, such metals lead to decomposition resulting in the formation of gummy, polymer masses in the hydrocarbon liquid.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and n-dodecylguanidine or water soluble salt thereof. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this combined treatment (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: A method of providing a durable, long lasting chemically resistant, pH tolerant, corrosion inhibiting film on the surfact of copper or copper containing metal in contact with an aggressive aqueous system is disclosed. The copper or copper containing metal generally composes a structure of dynamic cooling water system, and protection is afforded thereto by intermittently feeding to the aqueous medium a sufficient amount of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 alkyl substituted benzotriazole.

Abstract: Methods for reducing the trihalomethane contents for precursor thereof of influent water are disclosed. The methods comprise adding to the influent water powdered activated carbon and a water soluble or water dispersible cationic polymer. The polymers are chosen from: (a) polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine with an epichlorohydrin or epoxide (b) cross-linked polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine, epichlorohydrin or epoxide, and a third reactant selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, alkylenediamines and polyamines and (c) substantially linear high molecular weight polyquaternary ammonium polymers of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,770, such as polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)b; R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and D is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and bis (tri n-butyl tin) oxide. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this combined treatment (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo propionamide. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this combined treatment (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Bactericidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of the capsulated, facultative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD) and "Kathon 886F." The active biocidal components of the "Kathon 886F" product are: 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. The method comprises administering between about 0.1 to about 200 parts of this composition (i.e., BNPD and "Kathon 886F" product) (based on one million parts of the desired aqueous system) to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Stable, thixotropic slurries comprising wood-based powdered activated carbon and an effective amount of a polysaccharide suspending agent are disclosed. Such slurries are useful as water clarification and coagulation aids.