Abstract: Electrical contact is made between an electrode and a liquid column to establish current flow between the electrode and the liquid column. The electrode is raised up the liquid column until electrical contact is broken. An additional quantity of liquid is added to the liquid column to cause the column to rise and make electrical contact with the electrode. The electrode is raised up the liquid column until electrical contact is again broken. The distance of travel of the electrode is measured as a determination of the rise in height of the liquid column and of the additional volume of liquid added to the column.

Abstract: Sulfur derivatives of unsaturated oligomers formed from alpha-olefins of 2 to 20 carbon atoms which oligomer has a branch ratio of less than 0.19.

Abstract: Apparatus for gravel packing a wellbore interval having shunt means (i.e. conduits) on the external surface of a sand screen which can selectively deliver a gravel slurry to different levels of the interval during operation. The shunt means is comprised of a variety of differently configured, perforated conduits and/or arrangements of these conduits.

Abstract: A pair of male and female mold parts in association with a closure for forming orifices during the thermal formation of a structure.

Abstract: Deposits on intake valves in gasoline internal combustion engines are reduced by an additive for fuel compositions comprising a mixture of (1) a polyalkylene succinimide, (2) a polyalkylene and (3) a mineral oil. The invention also comprises a fuel composition made up of a major amount of liquid hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or diesel and a minor amount of the aforesaid mixture. In still another aspect the invention comprises a method for removing and/or preventing engine deposits which adversely affect the performance of gasoline powered engines by running the engine with a fuel containing an effective amount of the previously described mixture.

Abstract: An HF alkylation unit incorporates a source of a proton acceptor additive which may be added to the HF alkylation acid in the event of a release of acid from the unit. The addition of the proton acceptor to the acid alters the character of HF droplets in an HF cloud to make them more easily treated by a simple water drench. The proton acceptor is maintained in a pressurized container in the unit and is connected to the reaction section of the unit by way of additive release valves under the control of an emergency controller which opens the valves and permits the additive to enter the reaction section of the unit and mix with the acid to modify its characteristics. The container may be connected to the major acid-containing process vessels in the unit, specifically the acid settler and the acid cooler (in a gravity flow unit) or the acid settler and the reactor (in a pump-around unit).

Abstract: Cyanide is removed from a cyanide-containing waste water by passing the water through an adsorbent porous solid substrate which has been treated with a water insoluble metal compound, preferably copper sulfide (CuS), that facilitates adsorption of the cyanide, a preferred adsorbent substrate is activated carbon. An oxidizing agent is supplied to the adsorbent to oxidize the adsorbed cyanide, the preferred oxidizing agent is a source of oxygen such as air. Ammonia is passed over the bed along with the waste water to enhance the longevity of the adsorbent.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making biodegradable surfactant. The process comprises several steps including an optional step. The first step is directed to reacting olefins with ZSM-23 catalyst to form oligomers having the formula (C.sub.3).sub.x, (C.sub.4).sub.x or mixtures thereof. Second, the oligomer is hydroformylated to form a saturated alcohol, for example, tridecanol. Next, the saturated alcohol is ethoxylated. Thereafter a nonionic biodegradable surfactant is recovered. This surfactant can be used in detergent formulations. A process is also taught for making esters which can be used as lubricants or plasticizers. A specific hydroformylation process is taught which utilizes modified cobalt carbonyl catalyst. Also, a specific ethoxylation process is taught. Products formed according to the latter two processes as well as their uses are also taught.

Abstract: In the instant invention the effluent from the DIPE reactor is separated in a novel separation process that includes, in one embodiment, two extraction steps serially combined to initially separate IPA from the reaction products by extraction with water. The aqueous IPA extract is separated in a second extraction step carried out using the C.sub.3 hydrocarbon feedstream to the process as extractor. To effectuate the separation of aqueous IPA, the second extraction is carried out at a temperature higher than that of the first extraction step. The organic phase from the first extraction containing DIPE, C.sub.3 hydrocarbons and water is separated in a splitter to provide dry DIPE as product. In another embodiment dry DIPE is produced by an initial aqueous extraction of the reaction effluent followed by distillation to separate C.sub.3 hydrocarbons and water overhead and DIPE as a bottom stream.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of providing a polymeric based compost bag formed with a relatively high percentage of thermal oxidative degradation catalyst, such as a transition metal salt, and, preferably, a process stabilizer. The stabilizer permits the use of high levels of the thermal oxidative degradation catalyst without the risk of premature accelerated degradation during manufacturing and storing. According to the present invention, the compost bags are packaged in containers which are impervious to gases and vapors thus depriving the pro-oxidant of the oxygen necessary to degrade the polymer. The package may also provide a barrier to the loss of stabilizer during storage. Also disclosed is a kit for the disposal of waste.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal scales, especially barium sulfate scale deposits are removed from oilfield pipe and other tubular goods with a scale-removing composition comprising an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of about 8 to about 14, a polyaminopolycarboxylic acid, preferably EDTA or DTPA and a catalyst or synergist comprising oxalate anion. When the scale-removing solution is contacted with a surface containing a scale deposit, substantially more scale is dissolved at a faster rate than previously possible.

Abstract: A system for removing particulate material from a drum wherein the drum lid is replaced by a lid which is specially designed for this service. This new lid has at least a portion which is transparent so the operator can see into the drum and determine when and if it is empty. It also has a resilient portion which includes radial slits emanating from a predetermined point to produce an iris through which a wand can be inserted. The wand is operatively connected to a vacuum system so that the operator can insert the wand into the drum through the iris, and have the iris conform to the wand sufficiently that the vacuum being pulled through the wand sucks the particles out of the drum.

Abstract: Novel synthetic lubricants having high viscosity index are made from lower olefins. These materials have a viscosity above about 2 cS at 100.degree. C. and viscosity index above about 130 and are characterized by internal methyl groups attached to side chain tertiary carbon atoms.Hydrocarbon lubricant can be based on propene feedstock with the resulting oligomer containing less than 2.5 methyl groups per 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing an ultra-large pore crystalline material which can be used as a sorbent or catalyst component for conversion of organic and inorganic compound is improved through the addition of a strong acid to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of a precursor containing silicon and aluminun and an organic directing agent for zeolite syntheses and its use in zeolite production.

Abstract: A process for preparing a zeolite containing catalyst which has improved attrition resistance, and causes improved octane with no appreciable change in dry gas and coke make when used during catalytic cracking processes is disclosed. The catalyst is prepared by modifying the zeolite with a phosphate containing solution. The zeolite preferably includes an REY large pore zeolite. Treatment of the zeolite is best accomplished in an aqueous solution, at a pH range from about 2 to about 6, containing a water soluble phosphate compound. The phosphate treatment of the zeolite is carried out by deagglomerating the zeolite in an aqueous mixture in the presence of an aqueous phosphate containing solution, such as an aqueous solution of ammonium monohydrogen phosphate. The aqueous mixture containing phosphate modified zeolite is then combined with matrix precursors to form a slurry. The slurry is preferably spray dried to form the catalyst having a diameter less than 200 microns.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon lubricants having a high viscosity index (V.I.) and low pour point are produced by hydroisomerizing a waxy lube feed such as slack wax or a waxy gas oil over zeolite beta after which aromatic components are removed by extraction, e.g. with furfural. The raffinate is then dewaxed, preferably by solvent dewaxing to target pour point with a final hydrofinishing step. The hydroisomerization coupled with the aromatics extraction and dewaxing increases the range of crudes that can be processed into high V.I. lubes while maintaining equivalent product qualities. Hydrogen consumption in the process is relatively low.

Abstract: The process relates to on-line rejuvenation of adsorbent beds which are used for removing mercury from mercury contaminated feeds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for synthesizing ultra-large pore crystalline material which can be used as a sorbent or catalyst component for conversion of organic and inorganic compounds. A dialkoxyaluminoxytrialkoxysilane is added to the reaction mixture as a metal oxide source.

Abstract: A process is provided for catalytic conversion of organic compounds in a conversion zone containing a synthetic, non-composited microporous membrane comprising a continuous array of crystalline molecular sieve material.