Abstract: A multi-connect substrate, module including the substrate and an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip packaged in the module. The multi-connect substrate includes a multilayered substrate with at least one edge terminal array and one inboard terminal array on one face. An exterior terminal array is located on an opposite face. Signal wires pass through the multilayered substrate, connecting edge terminals to inboard terminals and inboard terminals with a exterior array terminals.

Abstract: A method and program product to generate summaries for text documents. A user can also specify a query, topic, and terms that he/she is interested in. This method determines the importance of each sentence by using the linguistic salience of the word to the user profile, the similarity among the word, the query and topic provided by a user and the sum of scores of the sentence comprising the word. After computing the score for each word, this method computes the score for each sentence in the set of sentences according to the score of words composing it and the position of the sentence in a section and a paragraph.

Abstract: A distributed processing system, program product and method of executing a computer program distributed across a plurality of computers. First, interested participants register and provide a commitment for available excess computer capacity. Participants may enter a number of available hours and machine characteristics. A normalized capacity may be derived from the machine characteristics and a normalized excess capacity may be derived from the number of hours committed for the participant. New registrants may be assigned benchmark tasks to indicate likely performance. Parties may purchase capacity for executing large computer programs and searches. The computer program is partitioned into multiple independent tasks of approximately equal size and the tasks are distributed to participants according to available excess capacity. A determination is made whether each distributed task will execute within a selected range of other distributed tasks and, if not, tasks may be reassigned.

Abstract: A task management system, method and computer program product for determining optimal placement of task components on multiple machines for task execution, particularly for placing program components on multiple computers for distributed processing. First, a communication graph is generated representative of the computer program with each program unit (e.g., an object) represented as a node in the graph. Nodes are connected to other nodes by edges representative of communication between connected nodes. A weight is applied to each edge, the weight being a measure of the level of communication between the connected edges. Terminal nodes representative of the multiple computers are attached to the communication graph. Then, the communication graph is divided into independent nets and a min cut is found for each independent net. The min cut for the communication graph is the combination of the min cuts for all of the independent nets.

Abstract: Bit and write decode/drivers, a random access memory (RAM) including the decode/drivers and an IC with a static RAM (SRAM) including the decode/drivers. The decode/drivers are clocked by a local clock and each produce access pulses wider than corresponding clock pulses. The bit decode/driver produces bit select pulses that are wider than a word select pulse and the write decode/driver produces write pulses that are wider than the bit select pulses for stable self timed RAM write accesses.

Abstract: A storage system, method of managing a storage system and program product for managing a storage system. Cache fast write (CFW) modified data may be provided to cache in count-key-data (CKD) tracks with associated meta data. A synchronization flag is included on a storage device with associated meta data for each CKD track stored. The cache directory control block (CDCB) includes a CDCB synchronization flag for each CKD track in cache memory. A mismatch in the synchronization flags from a failure during a transfer to storage indicates a storage device loss of synchronization between an accessed CKD track and stored associated meta data.

Abstract: According to the embodiment of the present invention, provided is an image error diffusion method for changing, an error diffusion ratio relative to the each pixel of an image. Further, according to another embodiment of the present invention, in order to generate a half tone image that highly correlates with an original image without losing the characteristics of the image, first, the characteristics of the input image are extracted, and then, the obtained results and input/output information are used to adjust, for each pixel, the diffusion state of a quantization error.

Abstract: A system, method and search engine for searching images for data contained therein. Training images are provided and image attributes are extracted from the training images. Attributes extracted from training images include image features characteristic of a particular numerically generated image type, such as horizontal lines, vertical lines, percentage white area, circular arcs and text. Then, the training images are classified according to extracted attributes and a particular classifier is selected for each group of training images. Classifiers can include classification trees, discriminant functions, regression trees, support vector machines, neural nets and hidden Markov models. Available images are collected from remotely connected computers, e.g., over the Internet. Collected images are indexed and provided for interrogation by users. As a user enters queries, indexed images are identified and returned to the user. The user may provide additional data as supplemental data to the extracted image data.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC), random access memory on an IC and method of neutralizing device floating body effects. A floating body effect monitor monitors circuit/array activity and selectively provides an indication of floating body effect manifestation from inactivity, including the lapse of time since the most recent activity or memory access. A pulse generator generates a neutralization pulse in response to an indication of inactivity. A neutralization pulse distribution circuit passes the neutralization pulse to blocks in the circuit path or to array cells.

Abstract: An apparatus, business method and program product for selectively providing access to a service facility such as a financial institution or bank. Client access codes (passwords, PINs) are maintained by the service facility in a database. When a client seeks access to the service facility, e.g., access to the client's account, a random sequence of character is generated and passed to the client. The client responds with an offset that when combined with the random character sequence is the client's access code. The client sends the code to the service facility and is granted access to the client's account. Optionally, the service facility may specify an intended relationship between the offset and the random character sequence, e.g., the offset is added/subtracted from the random character sequence. For additional security, dummy characters may be embedded in the random character sequence.

Abstract: A multi-port (e.g., two port) CMOS static random access memory (SRAM) with a local clock driver generating clocks for boundary latches. Local clocks select between address inputs clocked into the boundary latches. A read clock selects and latches a read address in the boundary latches. A second clock latches write addresses and, when appropriate, test data addresses.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for commerce management, especially for managing contingency agreements or contracts. An agreement is entered into the system, logging conditions for the agreement and identifying potential responses to satisfy each condition. A location may also be identified for each identified potential response, e.g. a HTML link to an internet web site. Milestones are set to determine when to check whether conditions have been satisfied. As each milestone is encountered information is retrieved from the locations or provided manually. The retrieved information is checked to determine whether the agreement is determinate, i.e., all of the conditions have been satisfied or, the agreement has failed because one condition will not be satisfied. If more conditions remain unsatisfied and are identified with subsequent milestones, the most recent milestone is recorded. The contracting parties are notified regarding status of the agreement and of passing any milestone.

Abstract: A portable fax machine includes a pen-based input device, having a writing pen and a writing pad, enabling a user to write documents for fax transmission on the writing pad by means of the writing pen. The input device is capable of generating data representative of the moving trace of the writing pen. An encoder transfers the data representative of the moving trace of the writing pen into fax data format. A dialer inputs the fax number of a destination to set up a connection. A fax transmission device transmits to the destination the data in the fax data format output by the encoder.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for providing links to remotely located information in a network of remotely connected computers. The system may or may not include a server providing an interface between shorthand codes and corresponding original files. If the server is included, a uniform resource locator (URL) is registered with a server. A shorthand link is associate with the registered URL. The associated shorthand link and URL are logged in a registry database. When a request is received for a shorthand link, the registry database is searched for an associated URL. If the shorthand link is found to be associated with an URL, the URL is fetched, otherwise an error message is returned. If the server is not included, all URLs located at a root page may be listed and associated with shorthand keys or links. Associated files and keys are indexed in an index file. The shorthand codes or keys are combined with the root page to form shorthand URLs.

Abstract: A multi-threshold integrated circuit (IC) with reduced subthreshold leakage and method of reducing leakage. Selectable supply switching devices (NFETs and/or PFETs) between a logic circuit and supply connections (Vdd and Ground) for the circuit have higher thresholds than normal circuit devices. Some devices may have thresholds lowered when the supply switching devices are on. Header/footer devices with further higher threshold voltages and widths may be used to further increase off resistance and maintain/reduce on resistance. Alternatively, high threshold devices may be stacked to further reduce leakage to a point achieved for an even higher threshold. Intermediate supply connects at the devices may have decoupling capacitance and devices may be tapered for optimum stack height and an optimum taper ratio to minimize circuit leakage and circuit delay.

Abstract: A formable wiring structure, an interposer with the formable wiring structure, a multichip module including the interposer and in particular a microprocessor and L2, L3 cache memory mounted on the interposer. The formable wiring structure includes wiring layers separated by dielectric layers. Attachment locations for attaching to module substrates, printed circuit cards or for mounting chips (microprocessor and cache) are provided on at least one interposer surface. The microprocessor is centrally located opposite a module attach location and the cache chips are on portions that are bent away from the module attach location to reduce and minimize module real estate required.

Abstract: A method and computer program product for selectively making information available to groups of parties amongst a plurality of parties. Public keys that may be descriptive, such as a simple name or part of a name, are generated and published. Random suffixes or keys, which are random both in nature and in appearance, are generated, combined with public keys and distributed to members of groups selected to have access to secure data identified by a particular secure key. The random suffixes may be combined with the public keys to form a URL that appears to be simultaneously random and descriptive. Secure keys may be changed periodically, replacing the random suffix portion with a newly generated random suffix. Secure keys may be encryption keys derived from randomly generated decryption keys.

Abstract: A supply noise compensation circuit. The supply noise compensation circuit senses the onset of dI/dt noise events on a supply line and selectively gates off/forces on a chip clock to chip circuits.

Abstract: Field effect transistor (FET), integrated circuit (IC) chip including the FETs and a method of forming the FETs. The FETs have a device channel and a gate above the device channel with a doped source/drain extension at said each end of the thin channel. A portion of a low resistance material layer (e.g., a silicide layer) is disposed on source/drain extensions. The portions on the doped extensions laterally form a direct contact with the doped source/drain extension. Any low resistance material layer on the gate is separated from the low resistance material portions on the source/drain extensions.

Abstract: A programmable alarm clock system, method of operation and program product therefor with sleep analysis to identify and wake a person during non-REM sleep patterns, resulting in less subsequent drowsiness and better day-to-day functioning. The programmable alarm clock system includes at least one brain activity sensor attachable to a head of a sleeper. Brain activity signals from the sensor(s) are sent to a receiver at a local computer. The user, before retiring inputs a wake up time and attaches the sensor(s). The local computer sends brain activity signals to a remotely connected sleep analyzing server which analyzes the brain activity and identifies REM sleep periods and non-REM sleep periods. The labeled brain activity periods are returned to the local computer which waits for the wake up time. Then, the local computer sets an alarm time by adjusting the wake up time to coincide with a non-REM sleep period, if necessary and if possible.