Abstract: A method of producing single crystals is characterized in that in withdrawing a semiconductor or dielectric material from its molten state while allowing it to grow into a single crystal solid, a die heated to a temperature higher than the solidifying point of the melt is disposed at the melt withdrawing outlet and the single crystal is withdrawn through the die.

Abstract: The present radar altimeter operates in accordance with the frequency modulated continuous wave principle in the C-band. The altimeter is constructed with microminiaturized integrated circuits and provides a completely digital signal evaluation and mode control which enables the transmitter to produce a wave-form providing the altimeter with the following advantages. A silent mode during the signal evaluation greatly improves the resistance of the altimeter against electronic countermeasures. The transmitter frequency is stabilized and a compensation for Doppler frequency drift is provided. Further, the altimeter is able to discriminate between intended proper targets on the one hand and false or erroneous targets on the other hand. The altimeter is equipped with a self-testing unit which provides different functions in different modes.

Abstract: Concrete elements, such as blocks or bricks, are molded or cast by forming in a primary mold cavity a secondary mold made of a portion of a thermoplastic film which has been contacted with a flat heater surface to assure a uniformly heated film portion which is then sucked into the primary mold cavity without wrinkles and filled with concrete mix. The secondary mold with the concrete mix in it is withdrawn, for example, sucked out of the primary mold cavity well before any effective hardening of the concrete mix, so that curing and hardening takes place in the secondary mold outside the primary mold cavity. This early withdrawing is important because it avoids expansion of the curing mix in the primary mold, whereby removal from the primary mold is facilitated. Additionally, the early removal with the aid of the secondary mold assures a more efficient use of the primary molds which are used again while the hardening is still going on in the secondary mold.

Abstract: The locking mechanism of an aircraft door is linked with a testing device in such a manner that the inoperability of the testing device indicates a failure in the proper locking or latching of the door in its closed position. The testing device may, for example, be a lever which is actuated last in a sequence of door closing and locking or latching steps. Such a lever could, for instance, be the lever for bringing an emergency chute into a ready or stand-by condition. The linkage assures that the testing lever for operating the emergency chute can be activated only if the door is properly closed and latched. As a result, a door that is incompletely closed and/or incompletely latched will provide an immediate indication of that situation.

Abstract: A scatter ammunition container system has a plurality of container tubes which serve also as ejector tubes. For this purpose the tubes are connected to gas generators providing the pressurized gas for the ejection. Two gas generators are arranged in axial alignment with each other each in a respective ring chamber connected to the respective ejector tube. A valving mechanism including a slide member (7) is arranged centrally between the two gas generators. The valving mechanism makes sure that one gas generator can eject ammunition from several ejector tubes or that the ejector tubes receive gas from both gas generators, or to admit ejector gas from one generator, which is ignited first, to all tubes and thereafter when the second gas generator has been ignited to admit its gas only to tubes ejecting in a certain direction, for generating symmetrical or non-symmetrical scatter patterns.

Abstract: In a belt strap for a restraint system for restraining a passenger in a vehicle seat in the event of a collision, the belt strap includes regions which mechanically absorb energy. Such a seat belt includes elements for increasing the contact surface of the belt strap with the passenger's body so that the force transmitted to the passenger's body in the event of a collision is reduced. The belt may include colored material which discolors over time or plastically deformable colored threads to indicate if the belt's elasticity has decayed due to aging or due to over-extension of the belt. The belt has a modulus of elasticity which varies across its width so that the belt edges roll away from the passenger in the event of a collision. An information label indicating the expiration date of the usable duty lifetime of the safety belt may be provided.

Abstract: In connection with machine tools it is frequently necessary to directly couple the motion sequence of a tool carrier and thus of the tool carried by the tool carrier, to the r.p.m. of a work piece, in order to perform certain motion sequences for each revolution of the work piece. In connection with machine tools in which the r.p.m. of the work piece depends on the work piece diameter, for example, in underfloor wheel set turning machines or turning machines, the r.p.m. is not known. Additionally, the unknown r.p.m. changes during the work piece machining. In order to achieve a synchronization in spite of the changing unknown r.p.m., the time necessary for performing one revolution of the work piece is measured and the time measurement is converted into a control signal for influencing the motion of the movable member such as the tool carrier in such a way that the motion of the tool carrier is influenced as a function of the measured time duration.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has substrates opposed to each other, a nematic liquid crystal layer having a positive dielectric anisotropy and homogeneously oriented to have a twisted structure where liquid crystal molecules are twisted with a twist angle from 180.degree. to 300.degree., the nematic liquid crystal layer being held between the substrates, polarizers between which the liquid crystal layer is placed, and a phase plate placed between the liquid crystal layer and one of the polarizers. In this display device, a product .DELTA.n.multidot.d(PH) of a birefringent anisotropy .DELTA.n and a thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and a product .DELTA.n.multidot.d(PH) of a birefringent anisotropy .DELTA.n and a thickness d of the phase plate satisfy a relational condition:0.0<.DELTA.n.multidot.d(LC)-.DELTA.n.multidot.d(PH)<600 nm.

Abstract: Aluminum diffusion coatings are applied to structural components of titanium alloys by two separate heat treatment steps applied to the component embedded in an aluminum powder. The first heat treatment step is performed at relatively very low temperatures for avoiding an oxygen embrittlement of the structural component by any remainder oxygen. The subsequent diffusion heat treatment is performed at higher temperatures. If desired, a getter material having a high oxygen affinity, is added to the powder mixture in which the structural components are embedded for the first treatment. The getter material binds any remainder oxygen.

Abstract: A method for forming a film is carried out by a film forming apparatus in which two cylindrical discharge electrodes are arranged opposite to each other at an inner wall and at an outer wall of an annular reaction chamber. A plurality of cylindrical substrates on which film is to be formed are arranged along the circumference in the region surrounded by the discharge electrodes. The substrate revolves about its own axis and additionally the substrate rotates with a platform. An electric power of 200 W is applied to the discharge electrode of the inner wall by an electric power supply having a frequency of 231 KHz, for example. An electric power of 600 W is applied to the discharge electrode at the outer wall by an electric power supply having a frequency of 400 KHz, for example. A reaction gas mainly in the form of SiH.sub.4 gas is introduced into the reaction chamber and the pressure in the reaction chamber is held at about 0.5 to 2.0 Torr.

Abstract: The quality or durability of an oxidation protective coating produced by alitizing or aluminizing on the surface of a structural component made of titanium or titanium alloy, is improved by adding niobium to the surface of the structural component. The addition may be accomplished prior to the aluminizing or during the aluminizing. Prior application may involve, for example, vapor deposition of the niobium. Simultaneous application involves including a niobium donator powder in the aluminizing powder mixture.

Abstract: An evaporator for discharging waste heat, for example from a space craft, uses at least one working fluid that is changed from its liquid state to its vapor state. The evaporator has at least one, preferably several, evaporator elements forming a unit. Each element has a liquid space separated from a vapor space by a tubular capillary separation member. The vapor space is divided into primary channels extending in parallel to the separation member. Secondary channels are formed in wall surfaces of the vapor space facing the separation member. The primary and secondary channels communicate with each other and extend approximately perpendicularly to each other. The secondary channels have a cross-sectional flow area which is substantially smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of the primary channels.

Abstract: A situation display system has a movable section for attachment to a helmet nd a stationary section, including a stationary map providing a real map background for showing situation display elements on the map. The movable section is connected through a flexible cable to a device for the remote control of the situation display elements which are computer generated. By accurate measurements of the location of the helmet and its distance to the map, signals are provided which are processed independently of any movements of an operator wearing the helmet so that the elements are correctly displayed and seen on the map. Thus, a tactical situation display is obtained for a military command system.

Abstract: A remote control for a rolling flying body enables that body to also perf pitching movements about its pitch axis and yawing movements about its yaw axis. For this purpose the flying body is equipped with a plurality of control nozzles distributed about the circumference of the flying body. These control nozzles or rather the fluid flow through the control nozzles is so controlled by control valves that two nozzles forming a pair are simultaneously activated for causing the desired pitching and yawing movements. The duration of the control impulse signals is determined exclusively by the rolling frequency of the flying body or missile.

Abstract: A poppet valve head with its stem, is formed in a female finish forming die cooperating with two male die members. A cylindrical raw blank, which has been heated is cut to length. An extrusion pressing or molding forms the shaft region and widened shaft region. An immediately following upset pressing forms the poppet disk. Both pressing steps are performed in the same female finish forming die made of hard metal mounted in a supporting frame. The female finish forming die has a cylindrical guide region on the poppet disk end. A force actuated annular or ring piston forms a first male die member fitting into the guide region. The raw blank is inserted into a central cavity of the annular piston on a coaxially arranged force actuated extrusion molding stamp forming a second male die member slidable in the central cavity. The extrusion molding stamp is axially slidable together with the annular piston and also axially slidable relative to the annular piston.

Abstract: A drive system with a combustion engine also has a turbo-charger with a shaft supported by sleeve bearings in a housing. The housing is connected to the cooling water circulating circuit of the drive system for cooling the sleeve bearings and the housing of the turbo-charger shaft simultaneously with cooling the engine. A water pump wheel is mounted on the shaft in the housing for circulating the cooling water through the bearings, through the housing, and through the cooling circuit of the combustion engine, whereby the supply of cooling water to the sleeve bearings is load dependent.

Abstract: A high temperature heat shield system for re-entry vehicles and high speed ircraft is assembled from separate insulating panels made of metal foil layers diffusion soldered together and with a ceramic fiber material filled into interspaces between the metal foil layers. In this arrangement structural metal foil layers carry mechanical loads while separate reflecting foil layers and the ceramic fiber material are non-load bearing.

Abstract: A weft thread inserting gripper for a loom is equipped with a guide element attached to a side wall of the gripper. In order to enable the guide element to properly contact the reed when the gripper moves in the loom shed, the guide element and gripper combination is so constructed that at least the guide element can tilt about a journal axis extending in parallel to the direction of gripper movement. This tilting ability can be achieved by mounting the guide element itself to a gripper side wall for pivoting about the journal axis. The same tilting effect can be achieved by mounting the entire gripper side wall carrying the guide element on such a journal axis. Both possibilities assure an optimal surface contact between the guide element and the respective surface in the loom to provide a quiet and smooth gripper motion.

Abstract: A flying body, such as a missile, is strapped to a carrier vehicle, such as an aircraft, by a strapping or locking mechanism mounted in a housing which also includes components for suspending and launching the flying body from launching rails forming part of the housing connected to the carrier aircraft. The strapping is accomplished with two strapping bridges which are pressed down onto the respective suspension block elements resting on the launching rail. The pressing down force is applied by a toggle lever arrangement, one of which is provided for each strapping bridge. The toggle lever arrangement cooperates with a respective spring arrangement which keeps the corresponding toggle levers in a strapping position until the spring arrangement is released through release pawls operated with a reverse magnet. A retaining mechanism which is effective between the release of the strapping mechanism and the actual launching after ignition of the propulsion system of the flying body, is made ready for launching.

Abstract: A roller milling tool unit is compact enough for insertion into a tool magazine of a machine tool and constructed to operate by a fluid circulating circuit of the machine tool. The unit has a tool section including a milling roller element and a fluid pressurizing section for generating the required hydraulic roller milling pressure. Both sections form a structural unit. The pressurizing section includes a pump connected to the fluid circulating circuit such as the cooling or lubricating circuit of the machine tool when the unit is in a working position on the tool carrier of the machine tool. The pump may be driven either by a hydraulic motor forming part of the tool unit or by a drive available in the machine tool. The hydraulic motor may be driven by the cooling or lubricating circulating circuit of the machine tool.