Abstract: An antenna system (110) for more efficient radiation and reception of radio frequency (RF) signals includes a primary conductor (302), a ground conductor (306) and one or more secondary conductors (310). The primary conductor (302) functions as a first antenna by receiving or radiating electromagnetic energy at a first set of one or more predetermined frequencies of operation. The ground conductor (306) is coupled to one end of the primary conductor (302). Each of the one or more secondary conductors (310) has a first end coupled to the ground conductor (306) near an area of higher current densities which forms when the primary conductor (302) is receiving or radiating electromagnetic energy at one of the first set of predetermined frequencies. The one or more secondary conductors (310) function to provide an additional path for any localized ground currents in the ground conductor (306) near the area of higher current densities.

Abstract: A holster (10) for a telecommunication device (12), such as a cellular telephone or wireless telephone, includes a housing (14) adapted to removably support the telecommunication device (12). The holster (10) also includes an earpiece assembly (52) including at least one transducer, such as an earbud (53) or a microphone (54), and a cord (56) depending from the at least one transducer (53, 54). The earpiece assembly (52) is extendable and retractable relative to the housing (14). The holster (10) further includes an extension/retraction assembly (32) having a spool (34) for taking up at least a portion of the cord (56) when the earpiece assembly (52) is retracted relative to the housing (14), and at least one coil spring (35) adapted to rotate the spool (34). The at least one coil spring (35) can electrically couple the at least one transducer (53, 54) to the telecommunication device (12).

Abstract: A telecommunication device (10) includes a housing (14, 16) and a dual earpiece arrangement (26) associated with the housing. The dual earpiece arrangement (26) includes a handsfree transducer (28) that generates dispatch-level audio output in a handsfree operating mode of the telecommunication device, and a private-mode transducer (38) that generates private-level audio output in a private operating mode of the telecommunication device. In particular, the device (10) includes a cantilevered bender (30) having a first end and a second end wherein the first end of the bender is mounted to the housing (16), a diaphragm (32) having a first end and a second end wherein the first end of the diaphragm (32) is attached to the second end of the bender (30), and a surround (34) joining the second end of the diaphragm (32) to the housing (16). The bender (30) drives the diaphragm (32) in a reciprocating manner to generate dispatch level audio output.

Abstract: A cellular network protocol which maintains the reliability of assisted GPS based positioning is taught. An Integrity Monitor (IM) informs mobile stations, their users, or networks of measurement quality and it warns them of failing and failed GPS satellites by isolating them from the effects of these failures. Whenever an unhealthy satellite is detected, its corresponding assistance data will be excluded for delivery or for position determination. In other words, there are two specific aspects to the Integrity Monitor (IM). For DGPS users, it predicts the reliability or quality of the DGPS corrections. For all users, it isolats the mobile position calculation from the effects of GPS satellite failures. The UDRE parameter, nominally output by a reference DGPS receiver, is used to communicate the DGPS quality information, and DGPS corrections are simply excluded for failed satellites.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting in multiple radio frequency (RF) bands from a single device is described. The device includes a transmitter (128) for transmitting RF communication signals. The transmitter is comprised of a power amplifier (200) for amplifying the RF communication signal in either a first RF band or a second RF band. The transmitter has a complex transformer (202) for partially transforming the impedance of the RF communication signal in a first RF band, and completely transforming the impedance of the RF communication signal to the characteristic impedance in a second RF band. The transmitter also includes a first path (204) for transmitting the RF communication signal in the first RF band and a second path (206) for transmitting the RF communication signal in the second RF band.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data improves efficiency and guarantees consistency in the data transmission rate. According to the method and apparatus, a data offset byte (402) is determined for a frame of data to be transmitted. The data offset value is used to modify the data bytes of the data frame to insure that the modified data bytes does not include control bytes (320) which are sent with the data. The offset value and the modified data bytes are then sent (508) to a receiver which recovers (710) the data. Accordingly, only one offset byte must be transmitted for each frame of data.

Abstract: A system for rapidly acquiring a time reference for the location determination of a wireless communication device. The system includes a wireless communication device (200), a GPS satellite (202) and a communication satellite (208). The method comprises the steps of acquiring a communication satellite signal (210) and using the finite frame time to establish a course time reference. Once the course time reference is established, an absolute device time is determined by the wireless communication device, which as a result is synchronized to the absolute time of the communication satellite (208) to within ten milliseconds. The absolute device time is then used to synchronize the GPS portion of the wireless communication device with the GPS satellite system.

Abstract: A cellular network protocol which minimizes the required data flow between the cellular infrastructure and each mobile handset supporting a GPS based positioning capability is taught. Four specific innovations are introduced which together minimize the number of bits required to be transferred to each handset: a method for reducing or removing the requirement for GPS ephemeris updates to each mobile; a method for compression of the differential correction broadcast message; a method for controlling the rate at which the network updates each handset's ephemeris based on an ephemeris age limit; and, finally, a method which each mobile can use to determine when an ephemeris update is needed, based on an accuracy prediction and a threshold which is unique to each mobile.

Abstract: A foldable communication device (10) with a housing having two portions (11,12) pivotably mounted to each other to allow relative movement therebetween. This relative movement is about an axis (13) and enabled by mounting portion (11) to two mounts (14,15) of portion (12). Device (10) has a transceiver (17) housed in the housing, an alert transducer (18) associated with transceiver (17) to provide an audible alert at a predetermined volume when a communication call for device (10) is received by transceiver (17) and a controller (19) coupled to transducer (18). In response to the relative movement of portions (11,12), controller (19) reduces the volume of the audible alert without the communication call being answered.

Abstract: A communications device with a quarter wave antenna (11) is provided with a quarter wavelength choke that is formed by a conductive coating (14) applied to the inner wall of the housing (12) to the communications device. The conductive coating (14) is electrically coupled as a ground to antenna (11) via the ground to a printed circuit board (13) and a conductive surface to a dividing wall (18) acting as a suspended base by which to support the circuit board (13). The conductive coating (14) is extended from the antenna base over a length equal to a quarter wavelength.

Abstract: A wide band dual mode antenna (10) includes an electrically conductive monopole portion (12), an electrically insulating core (32) having a dielectric constant and adjacent to the monopole portion (12), and an electrically conductive wire (50) adjacent to the core (32) and having a total length associated with a first resonant frequency. The wire (50) has first and second ends (52, 54), wherein the first end (52) is electrically coupled to the monopole portion (12) and the second end (54) is electrically floating. The wire (50) includes a plurality of intercoupled segments (56, 58, 62) that are adapted to create a current null point between the first and second ends (52, 54) at a second resonant frequency to define first and second portions of the wire (50).

Abstract: An integrally molded clip (10) and clip assembly (30) has a back (11), a front (12), a bridging member (13) and spigot guide tracks (20). Front (12) has a socket (15) and a locking member (16) that is biased to a spigot locking position and having a free end providing part of a side wall (18) of socket (15). Locking member (16) is pivotal about a pivotal axis (21) provided by a pivotal mount (22) on front (12) and has a lock release member (23) extending away from socket (15). A protrusion (24) in socket (15) is biased by a rib (25) to engage one of slots (34) on a spigot (31) that enables different locking positions of a portable electronic device using assembly (30). The device is rotatable when spigot (31) is engaged with socket (15) and detachable from clip (10) when a user actuates lock release member (23).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of calculating, within the framework of a speaker dependent system, a standard filler, or garbage model, for the detection of out-of-vocabulary utterances. In particular, the method receives new training data in a speech recognition system (202); calculates statistical parameters for the new training data (204); calculates global statistical parameters based upon the statistical parameters for the new training data (206); and updates a garbage model based upon the global statistical parameters (208). This is carried out on-line while the user is enrolling the vocabulary. The garbage model described in this disclosure is preferably an average speaker model, representative of all the speech data enrolled by the user to date. Also, the garbage model is preferably obtained as a by-product of the vocabulary enrollment procedure and is similar in it characteristics and topology to all the other regular vocabulary HMMs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power adapter (10) adapted to couple an external antenna (17) to a communication device (30) by way of a cable (12) which is typically plugged into a cigarette lighter of a vehicle or some other power source at one end, and an input connector of the communication device (30) at the other. In particular, the present invention provides a simple one-piece vehicle power adapter which also provides RF input/output capability for connection to an external vehicle antenna. According to certain aspects of the invention, the adapter can be configured to have a variety of selection mechanisms. For example, the communication device could include an RF switch (34) and control circuitry for selecting either the internal or external antenna for optimum reception. Alternatively, the cable could include an external switch (70) for allowing the user to select the desired antenna.

Abstract: A package assembly (31) has a leadframe (10) including a locating flange (30), an optical transmitter (22) such as a laser diode mounted to the leadframe, and a package (32) enclosing both the optical transmitter and a portion of the leadframe so that the locating flange of the leadframe is disposed outside of the package. The locating flange is used as a reference datum to align the optical transmitter's relative height and lateral position during manufacture. Also, the locating flange is used as a reference datum in mating the package assembly to other, standard optical components when mounting to other components in an optical end product.

Abstract: A semiconductor device (10) is formed in a semiconductor substrate (11) and an epitaxial layer (14). The semiconductor device includes a p-type body region (16), a source region (17), a channel region (19), and a drain region (34) formed in the epitaxial layer (14). A doped region (13) is formed in the semiconductor substrate (11) to reduce the drift resistance of the semiconductor device (10). The drain region (34) is formed from a plurality of doped regions (30-33) that can be formed with high energy implants.

Abstract: A field effect transistor (30) has an array of transistors (31) made up of bonding pads (45-47) and sub-arrays of transistors (41-43). The bonding pads (45-47) are distributed between the sub-arrays of transistors (41-43) to reduce the maximum temperature that any portion of the FET (30) is exposed to while the FET (30) is in a conducting state. A similar effect can be appreciated by adjusting the threshold voltage or pinch-off resistance of the transistors in a portion (101) of an array of transistors (95).

Abstract: An n-channel device (10) and a p-channel device (11) are formed from a single epitaxial silicon layer (60,61). During the deposition of the single epitaxial silicon layer (60,61), dopants are added to the epitaxial reaction chamber and subsequently changed to define a drain region (24,33), a channel region (27,34), and a source region (30,35). The dopant concentration is modified during the formation of the channel region (27,34) to create a doping profile (50). The doping profile (50) has a first profile (51) that is constant and a second profile (52) that changes.

Abstract: A method for recovering from a reset in a microprocessor includes steps of evaluating a predetermined pattern in a volatile memory (102), determining the type of reset which occurred depending upon whether the predetermined pattern is intact (103); and initializing the memory depending upon the type of reset. In particular, all locations in the memory will be initialized if a "power on" reset occurs (107) and initializing only selected portions of the memory if a "static" or "cradled" reset has occurred (104). If a static or cradled reset has occurred, all locations of the memory are initialized except those locations including state information to allow normal operation of the microprocessor. That is, the operation of the microprocessor based device can be restored without interruption after the reset.