Abstract: A system to monitor the amount of erosion taking place within a pipe in which a point of reduced strength of the pipe is made by drilling a hole or notch to a preselected depth in a selected portion of the pipe wall. A hollow casing is provided around the point of reduced strength to provide a sealed zone. A conduit in the hollow casing is connected to a sensing device to monitor pressure changes when pipe failure occurs at the hole or notch.

Abstract: A gas operated system for use in semiautomatic firearms is disclosed. The gas operated system utilizes a gas powered assembly which is actuated by gas under pressure. The gas powered assembly is utilized to provide rearward motion to a drive assembly. The drive assembly has a rod associated therewith which engages unlocking structure so that this structure unlocks locking structure so that the bolt assembly can move rearwardly from the battery position. Movement of the bolt assembly rearwardly is accomplished principally due to expanding gas present in the barrel of the firearm which acts against the face of the bolt assembly.

Abstract: A firing mechanism for installation or a muzzle-loading firearm is disclosed. The firing mechanism has a drum means which is attached to the muzzle-loading firearm at a point adjacent its breech. A cap holder fits to the firing mechanism and holds a firing pin. The firing pin fits within a cylinder defined by a portion of the cap holder and drum means. The cylinder defines a closed chamber so that there is no blow back of gases and so that the ignition cap is closed from the exterior of the firearm.

Abstract: A skateboard having an elongated board structure with two ends, the board structure having wheels attached thereto, a headrest connected at the rear end of the board and two foot rests connected at the front end of the board, the foot rests being elevated upwardly from the board to assist in steering the board.

Abstract: A blowout preventer having a mechanical linkage to a valve connected to a pressure relief line in the casing beneath the blowout preventer whereby the valve on the pressure relief line is opened when the blowout preventer is actuated is disclosed. The blowout preventer includes an upright tubular body having an annular packing therein which can be constructed about a drill pipe or other pipe in the well, a head connected to the top of the upright tubular body for containing the annular packing in the body, a piston slidably received in the body and adapted to selectively constrict the packing about the well pipe, a casing pipe connected to the lower end of the body for containing the well pipe, a pressure relief line connected to the casing having a valve therein, and a rod connected to the piston and the valve to open the valve when the piston slides within the tubular body to constrict the packing about the well pipe.

Abstract: Acid industrial waste containing calcium sulfate is reacted and neutralized with another alkaline industrial waste preferably containing iron oxide and aluminum oxide, mixed with water and stabilized with either Portland cement of fly ash to produce a chemically neutral and useful product in the form of soil cement.

Abstract: A device for holding small animals in a position to be skinned including a backet having two legs extending outwardly therefrom, a slot located near the ends of each of the legs for receipt of an eyebolt, a U-shaped clamp which snaps onto the outside of the ends of the leg adjacent to the slot for receipt of the end of the eyebolt, and a nut for threading onto the end of the eyebolt.

Abstract: A hand-held garden implement having a central plate with a tapered digging blade depending therefrom, a rake handle connected to the central plate, two raking blades connected to the central plate turned backwardly toward the rake handle, and a covering blade connected to the central plate which trails the raking blades.

Abstract: A scaffold assembly including a ladder unit having an outside vertical member with a hollow top end and bottom end, an inside vertical member connected to the outside vertical member by horizontal steps, the top step and the bottom step having a hollow end adjacent to the point at which they are connected to the inside vertical member, the hollow top end and bottom end of the outside vertical member being adapted for connecting to another ladder unit by placing a pin in the hollow portions of the two vertical ladder units, the ladder unit being adapted for joining side by side to another ladder unit by placing a horizontal joining member in the open ends of the top and bottom steps to join the two ladder units horizontally side by side.

Abstract: A sawhorse which may be quickly and easily assembled and disassembled including a wooden stringer, a metal stringer connectable to the wooden stringer, two A-frames connectable to the metal stringer, each A-frame including a pair of outwardly sloping legs and a transverse strut rigidly fixed between the legs, a brace connectable to each of the A-frames and to the metal stringer, each of the braces being connectable to a strut on the A-frame and to the metal stringer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conserving energy in the operation of a conventional air conditioning system in a large building employing a water cooled condenser, an evaporator, a chilled water circuit, and a refrigerant compressor or heat source in an absorption-type air conditioner wherein the compressor or heat source is not energized, the cooling tower is operated, and the water tubes in the evaporator and the water tubes in the condenser are connected to a heat exchanger to effect heat exchange therebetween.

Abstract: A collapsible dispensing container having a laminated tubular body, the laminated tubular body including a metal foil layer, and a layer of a copolymer resulting from the polymerization of 100 parts by weight of (a) at least 50 percent by weight of at least one nitrile having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen, and (b) up to 50 percent by weight based on the combined weight of (a) and (b) of an ester having the structure ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen, and R.sub.

Abstract: A collapsible dispensing container having a laminated tubular body, the laminated tubular body including a metal foil lamination and a thermoplastic lamination, the collapsible dispensing container having a metal headpiece connected thereto, the metal headpiece having a thermoplastic film thereon which is heat fusible to the inner thermoplastic lamina of said collapsible dispensing container and an annular ring therearound which exposes the thermoplastic lamina in the headpiece to the inside lamina of the tubular body, the tubular body overlapping and covering the exposed edge of the ring.

Abstract: A child-resistant nozzle connectable to a spray dispensing device. The child-resistant nozzle assembly of the present invention includes a nozzle having a slot in the upstream end for receipt of a lug connected to the pump body. The lug may be depressed by the fingers of the user to selectively engage or disengage the slot in the nozzle. When the lug is engaged in the slot in the nozzle, no liquids can leak or be dispensed from the nozzle.

Abstract: This invention relates to a marble shooter device which features: a frame having two elongated sides attached together at one of their ends in a spaced-apart relationship by a front end frame piece and attached together at their outer ends in spaced-apart relationship by a rear end frame piece; a barrel mounted to the end frame pieces and between and substantially parallel to the elongated sides, the barrel having a loading port on its upper side for loading the barrel with a marble and a barrel trigger notch in the top of the barrel and rearward of the loading port, and a pair of slots on opposite sides of the slot and rearward of the barrel trigger notch; a striker which is fittable within the barrel which has at least one striker trigger notch on its upper side; a power source attached to the frame and the striker to propel the striker towards the front end of the barrel; a trigger attached to the frame, the trigger extending into the trigger notch to contact and hold the striker in a rearward position by

Abstract: The lighter of the present invention includes a handle for grasping by the user connected to a chamber for holding a disposable lighter. The chamber has a trigger mechanism connected thereto for depressing the fuel releasing element of the lighter. The chamber also has a hollow metal rod extending therefrom and aligned with the fuel supply element of the lighter in such a manner as to convey the fuel from the lighter to the end of the rod.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the manufacture of thermoplastic sheet having elliptical perforations, the process including placing a thermoplastic sheet into contact with a continuously rotating molding element having a series of elliptical holes therein in which the major axis of the elliptical holes is oriented parallel to the direction in which the molding element is rotating, subjecting a surface of the thermoplastic sheet to the action of a fluid pressure differential to cause the material to flow into the elliptical holes of the molding element while maintaining the pressure differential to effect rupturing of the thermoplastic sheet and the formation of elliptical holes in the sheet, and continuously removing the molded portions of the thermoplastic sheet from the molding element.

Abstract: A grading and dozing attachment for a tractor including a blade located between the front wheels and the back wheels of the tractor, a carrying frame adapted to fit between the front wheels and the rear wheels of the tractor, the frame having a plurality of symmetrically disposed legs attachable to the rear axle of the tractor and a lifting mechanism connected to the tractor and the carrying frame for pivoting the carrying frame upwardly and downwardly about the rear axle, plates for adjusting the angle of the blade in a horizontal plane attached to the carrying frame by pins, and plates attached to the blade for adjusting the angle of the blade in a vertical plane.