Abstract: A method for treating a subterranean formation, or a well penetrating the formation, comprises injecting into the well an aqueous composition containing an aminopolycarboxylic acid and water-soluble organosilicon compound. By use of the method, scale is removed from well equipment and/or openings in the formation, and fine particles within the formation are stabilized to prevent their subsequent movement, resulting in increased, more stable fluid flow through the formation and well.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks containing relatively high levels of nitrogen contaminants are converted by catalytic cracking to products of lower average molecular weight by contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a cracking catalyst and separate particles of a nitrogen scavenger. The nitrogen scavenger is a particulate solid acid capable of sorbing pyridine at room temperature and retaining greater than about 5 weight percent of the sorbed pyridine after heating in a vacuum to about 300.degree. C. Examples of the nitrogen scavengers that can be used in the process include amorphous aluminosilicates, nonzeolitic molecular sieves such as pillared clays and delaminated clays, and zeolitic molecular sieves.

Abstract: The permeability of higher permeability zones of a subterranean reservoir of heterogeneous permeability is reduced by injecting an aqueous solution of a water soluble surface active agent and then a gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide and a noncondensible, non-hydrocarbon gas insoluble in viscous crude. A stable foam forms in situ useful for blocking escape of solvent fluids into the higher permeability zones of the reservoir during enhanced recovery, typically by carbon dioxide flooding.Preferably, the solution of surface active agent and the gas mixture are injected in alternating slugs to enhance foam formation.

Abstract: A solution useful in making a carbon-metal phosphate composite comprising a carbon body having a glassy metal metaphosphate distributed therethrough and coating the surface thereof is claimed. The solution comprises a nonionic organophosphorus ester and a metal salt dissolved therein.

Abstract: Electronic semiconductor devices are prepared having contacts forming rectifying and non-rectifying junctions between thallium (III) oxide and semiconductors. Such contacts may be formed at relatively low temperatures during preparation of bipolar, unipolar and microwave semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A method is provided for the removal of lead contaminants from ores and mineral concentrates, comprising leaching the concentrates, at elevated temperatures, with an aqueous solution containing an aminopolycarboxylic acid. After separating the solution from the concentrates, lead can be precipitated by treating the solution with a sulfide; the solution can be recycled for use as a leachant.

Abstract: A multiple hearth furnace is constructed from a plurality of cylindrical heating chamber modules, connected in a vertical configuration. Each module contains a hollow hearth, which forms a floor in the chamber, the hearth having an open portion approximately centered in the chamber floor. A rotating central shaft is disposed vertically through open portions in the hearths and is provided with projections for distributing material to be heated across the hearths. Heating of the modules is accomplished by passing heated gases through the hollow hearths. Material to be heated is introduced into the uppermost module, is distributed across the hearth, and is discharged into successively lower modules, after which material exits the furnace. Gases which form during the heating can be removed separately from gases used to heat the furnace.

Abstract: A lubricating composition having extreme pressure anti-wear properties comprises a lubricating oil and a trisubstituted-borate prepared by sulfurizing the reaction product of a boron compound, a phenol compound, and either a mono-functional compound or dihydroxy functional compound free of nitrogen.

Abstract: The octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is controlled by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of fused aromatics having at least 2, preferably between 3 and 5, aromatic rings with no heteroatoms substituted in the rings. Usually the polynuclear aromatic is added to the fuel in an amount between about 0.1 and 5.0 weight percent on the fuel. In particular, anthracene and phenanthrene, provide effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additives for unleaded gasoline.

Abstract: Full-range shale oils or fractions thereof, after hydrotreating, are hydrodewaxed and then hydrogenated to produce lubricating oil fractions boiling above 650.degree. F., having a pour point at or below +10.degree. F., and a viscosity index of at least 95.

Abstract: Purified biuret is recovered from mixtures containing biuret and higher molecular weight urea condensation products by contacting melts or solutions of such mixtures with a polar adsorbent and extracting biuret from the adsorbent with a polar desorbent. The useful biuret-containing mixtures also may contain urea. These methods are capable of recovering biuret of 99.9 percent plus purity from mixture containing higher molecular weight urea condensations products such as triuret, melamine, ammelide, and others. The biuret-containing desorbent can be recycled into contact with biuret-containing adsorbents to increase its biuret concentration, concentrated by evaporation of otherwise, and/or treated to crystallize biuret. An integrated process is provided which involves pyrolyzing urea to form biuret and higher molecular weight condensation products and selectively recovering biuret from the resulting pyrolyzed urea as described.

Abstract: A spindle oil is hydrotreated and then hydrodewaxed in the presence of a catalyst containing at least 70 percent by weight of an intermediate pore molecular sieve in the support so as to produce a selected fraction having a low pour point and viscosity comparable to the original spindle oil, said fraction being then suitable as a "cutter stock" for lowering the pour point of fuel oils.

Abstract: A novel catalytic absorbent composition is prepared with a synthetic copper or silver carbonate-containing material. The absorbent is useful for removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan sulfur from hydrocarbon oils, especially from feedstreams to a reformer.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from oil shale and other solids containing organic material by heating the solids to a temperature below about 900.degree. F., preferably between about 550.degree. F. and about 900.degree. F., in the absence of an added liquid organic solvent and then contacting the heated solids with a liquid organic solvent in such a manner that the solids and solvent do not form a slurry and under conditions such that hydrocarbons are extracted from the heated solids into the organic solvent. The extracted hydrocarbons are then recovered from the solvent by fractionation. Normally, the solids will be heated by contacting them with a hot, nonoxidizing gas, preferably an oxygen-free flue gas generated within the process.

Abstract: A process for producing a high octane gasoline from a hydrocarbon feedstock in which the feedstock is contacted in the presence of hydrogen under hydrocracking conditions, preferably ammonia-rich hydrocracking conditions, with a hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component in combination with a crystalline, silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having pores defined by 12-membered rings of oxygen atoms. The preferred silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve is SAPO-5 molecular sieve and the catalyst preferably contains both a Group VIB metal hydrogenation component, such as molybdenum or tungsten, and a Group VIII hydrogenation metal component, such as nickel or cobalt. It has been found that such a process produces gasoline boiling fractions having substantially increased research and motor octane numbers.

Abstract: The permeability of higher permeability zones of a subterranean reservoir of heterogeneous permeability is reduced by injecting (1) an aqueous solution of a crosslinkable water-soluble polymer, a material capable under certain conditions of at least partially crosslinking the polymer to form a gelatinous precipitate, a water-soluble alkaline material in an amount sufficient to maintain the pH of the aqueous solution above the pH at which crosslinking occurs until the composition has passed a desired distance through the reservoir, and a water-soluble surface active agent; and (2) a gas mixture comprising an acid gas. A gelatinous foam forms in situ useful for blocking escape of fluids, both gaseous and liquid, into the higher permeability zones of the reservoir during enhanced recovery, typically by carbon dioxide flooding.

Abstract: A method for determining the permeability profile of an uncased borehole penetrating a subterranean formation by a natural gamma ray well logging technique in which particles containing gamma ray emitting nuclides are added to a thixotropic drilling mud used to drill the wellbore such that a radioactive filter cake of the particles forms along the face of the wellbore having substantially increased thickness and intensity of radiation emissions at depths corresponding to zones of high permeability in the subterranean formation. Preferably the additive is a mud weighting particle, such as barite, bearing adsorbed or mechanically mixed, naturally-occurring radioactive material, such as thorium-bearing bastnasite or thorium-bearing cerium oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst composition composed of a crystalline aluminosilicate Y zeolite, normally having a silica-to-alumina mole ratio of about 6.2 or above, in combination with a porous, inorganic refractory oxide. The Y zeolite contains ion-exchanged rare earth cations and ion-exchanged Group VIII noble metal cations. The combination of the zeolite and the refractory oxide contains between 4.5 weight percent and about 6.0 weight percent water. Such a catalyst containing the recited amount of water has been found to have consistently high activities when used as a catalyst in a hydrocracking process. The Y zeolites used as part of the catalyst are typically prepared by contacting an ammonium-exchanged Y zeolite with an aqueous solution of ammonium fluorosilicate.

Abstract: A method for drying a catalytic absorbent involves the contacting of a drying fluid with the wet absorbent until the absorbent is reduced to a desired level of water content. Prior to startup of a process employing a catalytic absorbent to remove impurities from a liquid hydrocarbon, water is removed from the absorbent by contact with the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Mild hydrocracking is accomplished with a catalyst containing one or more hydrogenation metals supported on an amorphous porous refractory oxide having a narrow pore size distribution and a small mode pore diameter.