Abstract: Methods are provided for removing biuret from biuret-containing aqueous urea solutions by contacting the biuret-containing urea solutions with the hydroxide ion form of an anion exchanger under anion exchange conditions in which methods one or more aqueous process streams are either formed from materials which are substantially or completely free of alkaline earth metal and/or carbonate impurities or which process streams are treated either before or during their use in the anion exchange process to reduce their content of contaminant alkaline earth metal and/or carbonate compounds. The anion exchanger can be washed and regenerated with one or more aqueous media including water, aqueous solutions of strong base, acidic chloride solutions, and/or other aqueous solutions, and either batch or continuous (fixed bed) contacting can be employed.

Abstract: A waxy hydrocarbon feedstock is converted into a high quality lube oil stock of reduced pour point by hydrodewaxing the feedstock in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a hydrodewaxing catalyst under conditions such that the pour point of the feedstock is reduced by selectively converting waxy paraffins into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. At least a portion of the effluent from the hydrodewaxing zone is then passed to a hydrocracking zone where it is contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst under conditions such that a further reduction in pour point is effected and the overall conversion of components boiling above about 650.degree. F. to components boiling at or below about 650.degree. F. in the hydrodewaxing and hydrocracking steps combined is no more than about 20 percent by volume, preferably no more than about 10 percent by volume.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating the static venting of shut-in geothermal wells producing from vapor-dominated geothermal formations comprising providing a closed system means for interwell flow of geothermal vapors from higher pressured wells to lower pressured wells so that the flow of geothermal vapors between the wells interconnected by said flow prevents accumulation of condensate and non-condensable vapors in said wellbores. Usually between 2 and about 15 completed geothermal wellbores in the same formation are connected in interwell flow.

Abstract: Subterranean formations are treated with acid, by a method comprising the steps of: (1) forming an acidizing composition by mixing an aqueous acid component with at least one water-soluble organosilicon compound; and (2) injecting the composition into the formation. Suitable organosilicon compounds include water-soluble organosilanes and organosilanes which hydrolyze to form water-soluble silanols. By using the organosilicon compound, movement of formation fine particles is inhibited and swelling of clays by aqueous fluids is reduced, thus tending to maintain formation permeability.

Abstract: A fuel composition containing an acid anhydride as an anti-knock additive.

Abstract: Methods are provided for recovering biuret from aqueous urea solutions and for producing relatively concentrated biuret-containing extracts which involve contacting a biuret-containing aqueous urea solution with the hydroxide ion form of an anion exchanger to retain at least a portion of the biuret on the exchanger, contacting the resulting biuret-containing ion exchanger with an aqueous extractant under conditions sufficient to form a biuret-containing extract, and contacting the resulting biuret-containing extract with the same or other biuret-containing anion exchanger in the same or subsequent cycles under conditions sufficient to increase the biuret concentration of the extract. The biuret-containing urea feed solution may also contain higher molecular weight urea condensation products, and the biuret can be selectively separated from such condensation products by the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A heterojunction photovoltaic device, containing a highly conductive coating material having a band gap greater than 0 to about 3.0 e.V. on a substrate containing a semiconductor material, is utilized in highly efficient photovoltaic cells and radiometric detection cells.

Abstract: Silicon components are removed from a hydrocarbon stream by contacting the stream with a sorbent comprising a mixture of a copper component and a porous, inorganic refractory oxide containing alumina. Preferably, the porous, inorganic refractory oxide will contain greater than about 10 weight percent alumina and most preferably consists essentially of alumina. It is normally desired to contact the hydrocarbon stream with the sorbent in the presence of molecular hydrogen in order to prevent coking of the sorbent. The sorbent may be a fresh mixture of the copper component and the porous, inorganic refractory oxide or it may be a spent sorbent prepared by using the fresh sorbent to remove sulfur components from a hydrocarbon stream. Alternatively, the sorbent may be a regenerated sorbent prepared by burning carbonaceous residues off a sorbent that was previously used to remove sulfur components from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods are provided for recovering purified biuret from aqueous solutions containing biuret and higher molecular weight urea condensation products by contacting such solutions with the hydroxide ion form of an anion exchanger and extracting biuret from the ion exchanger with an aqueous extractant. The useful biuret-containing solutions also may contain urea. These methods are capable of recovering biuret of 99.9 percent plus purity from solutions containing higher molecular weight urea condensations products such as triuret, melamine, ammelide, and others. Elevated temperatures increase biuret recovery rate and concentration, and the extractant can be recycled into contact with additional biuret-containing anion exchangers to increase biuret concentration even further. The biuret-containing extract can be employed as is, concentrated by evaporation or otherwise, or treated to crystallize biuret.

Abstract: A sulfur sorbent for use in reducing the emissions of sulfur oxides from regenerators of cyclic catalytic cracking units comprises a rare earth component or mixture of rare earth components in combination with a porous, inorganic refractory oxide component. The rare earth components used as a portion of the sorbent are preferably derived from the mineral bastnaesite by treating the bastnaesite to remove at least 50 weight percent of its fluorine, calculated as the element. The activity of the sulfur sorbent for removing sulfur oxides during catalytic cracking processes is increased to unexpectedly high levels by including in the composition cobalt or other transition metal component comprising an element selected from Group IB, Group IIB, Group IVA, Group VA, Group VIA, Group VIIA, and Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst of large surface area for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride comprises the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus and, optionally and preferably, tin, in combination with a microporous crystalline silica or a crystalline zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 6.0.

Abstract: A solids feeder for transporting particulate solids from an elevated solids feed reservoir and introducing the solids upwardly into the bottom of a solids upflow vessel. The feeder includes a horizontally reciprocatable carriage supporting a vertical feed cylinder fitted with a vertically reciprocatable piston. The piston is vertically reciprocated by a hydraulic cylinder suspended from the carriage. The carriage is reciprocated between a first carriage position wherein the feed cylinder is aligned with a feed chute communicating with the feed reservoir and a second carriage position wherein the feed cylinder is aligned with a bottom solids inlet of the upflow vessel. A tram-like suspension system movably supports the carriage from elevated structural rails. Optionally, the structure of the carriage is adapted to controllably vertically yield during the pumping stroke so as to seat the bottom of the piston actuating hydraulic cylinder on a wedge block mounted on the foundation.

Abstract: A method for laminating a substrate to an ionomer carboxylate-containing film by applying to the substrate as a coating an adhesive composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a film-forming vinylidene chloride copolymer wherein the vinylidene chloride copolymer includes on a comonomer weight basis:(a) from about 45 to about 90 percent vinylidene chloride,(b) from about 5 to about 25 percent of a polar comonomer having one or more hydroxyl groups, and(c) a cross-linking agent dissolved in the continuous aqueous phase of the vinylidene chloride copolymer and forcefully engaging said ionomer film with said coating at a temperature sufficient to cause said ionomer film to adhere to said coated first substrate and form a laminated structure.

Abstract: A boron-containing heterocyclic compound prepared by reacting a primary amine or ammonia with an alkylene oxide or epoxide and then reacting concurrently or subsequently this reaction intermediate with a boric acid. This boron-containing heterocyclic compound may further be reacted with a metal, metaloid or other metal compound and even further contain sulfur, such as a sulfide group.The boron-containing heterocyclic compound provides extreme pressure anti-wear properties when provided in a lubricating composition. The lubricating composition may also comprise anti-oxidants, copper corrosion inhibitors, and lead corrosion inhibitors. The anti-wear properties of a lubricating composition can be enhanced using the borates of the present invention in conjunction with a copper compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reaction products derived from boric acid, primary amines, alkene oxides or epoxides and first row transition metals or Group IVA metals, their manufacture and use. These products are used as extreme pressure, anti-wear and friction reducing additives for lubricating oils.

Abstract: A boron-containing heterocyclic compound prepared by reacting a primary amine or ammonia with an alkylene oxide or epoxide and then reacting concurrently or subsequently this reaction intermediate with a boric acid. This boron-containing heterocyclic compound may further be reacted with a metal, metaloid or other metal compound and even further contain sulfur, such as a sulfide group.The boron-containing heterocyclic compound provides extreme pressure anti-wear properties when provided in a lubricating composition. The lubricating composition may also comprise anit-oxidants, copper corrosion inhibitors, and lead corrosion inhibitors. The anti-wear properties of a lubricating composition can be enhanced using the borates of the present invention in conjunction with a copper compound.

Abstract: Praseodymium oxide is electrolyzed, at temperatures at or above the melting point of praseodymium metal, in a molten electrolyte initially consisting essentially of lithium fluoride and praseodymium fluoride. Improved current efficiency is obtained when the weight ratio of lithium fluoride to praseodymium fluoride in the electrolyte is about 0.1 to about 0.4.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst containing cobalt and a Group VIB metal and having a substantially uniform cross-sectional phosphorus distribution is prepared by impregnating support particles with a solution containing dissolved cobalt, phosphorus, and at least 17 weight percent of Group VIB metal components, calculated as the trioxides, having a pH of less than 1.2, and characterized by an extinction coefficient in the ultraviolet spectrum of about 0.7.times.10.sup.4 to about 1.8.times.10.sup.4 liters/cm.multidot.moles of Group VIB metal, followed by aging, drying and calcining. The catalyst is useful for promoting a number of hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly those involving hydrogenative desulfurization.

Abstract: A solid-state semiconductor photonic device is prepared by a photoelectrochemical deposition method. The device contains a highly conductive coating material including one or more metals and/or semiconductors on a substrate containing a semiconductor material. The device is utilized in photodetectors, including radiometric detection cells, in conversions of electrical energy to optical radiation, such as light-emitting-diodes and diodes lasers, and in photovoltaic cells, including Schottky-barrier cells.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of metal in an electrolytic environment comprises electrically interconnecting the metal with an anode consisting essentially of an alloy of aluminum with a rare earth metal or mixture of rare earth metals, optionally also including zinc, and placing the anode into the environment.