Abstract: This invention relates to a glass electrode structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a glass electrode having a curved sensor tip for use in determining gas in an electrochemical membrane diffusion cell.

Abstract: A solid source consisting essentially of high purity aluminum metaphosphate, Al(PO.sub.3).sub.3 is used for introducing elemental phosphorus into P-type silicon chips or wafers of semi-conductor grade. The aluminum metaphosphate functions as a source for the controlled release of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 vapors which are directed to the desired face of the silicon wafer. The reverse side of the silicon wafer receives little or no phosphorus and consequently retains its character as P-type silicon.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for preventing web weave from occurring at the exit from a corrugator bridge wherein a single face corrugated board is being drawn from the bridge by a glue machine. The single face web may be present on what is termed the upper bridge or the lower bridge and control is maintained by providing a friction plate faced with canvas which is biased against the single face web as it is traveling over an exit guide roll. Typically, a single face board is produced on a corrugator in widths of 80 to 86 inches and the friction plate is less in length than half the width of the paper. The drag force is regulatable by an operator adjustment of air pressure being delivered to biasing air cylinders.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for diffusion doping of silicon and germanium semiconductors by the vapor phase transport of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 from a solid B.sub.2 O.sub.3 source to the silicon semiconductor, wherein the solid B.sub.2 O.sub.3 source comprises a rigid, dimensionally stable, glass-ceramic body containing at least about 10 mole percent of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the glassy phase, the crystalline phase, or both.

Abstract: A rimless faceplate is mounted on a shadow mask color selection device for a color television tube construction by indexing means establishing a unique positional relationship between the faceplate and the mask. An array of cavities on the inner surface of the plate interfit with the studs on mask mounting brackets to provide transverse positioning while the bracket surfaces extending outward from the studs provide abutting surfaces to the inner face of the faceplate adjacent its stud receiving cavities to establish faceplate-mask spacing. A glass funnel receives the mask in its divergent end with precise spacing of the mask from its seal edge. Portions of the mask mounting brackets are fitted into seats in the funnel which may be cavities or depressions in the seal edge to establish the spacing, particularly the depth of entry of the mask in the funnel.

Abstract: An inline magnetic mixer for flowing fluids. A magnetic particle is contained within a flow tube through which a fluid passes. A coil made of electrically conductive material is positioned in close proximity to the flow tube and outside the flow tube. A low voltage, oscillating electrical supply energizes the coil. This sets up an oscillating magnetic field within the flow tube which causes the magnetic particle to oscillate longitudinally within the flow tube, thereby mixing the fluid stream passing through the flow tube.

Abstract: A fabricated cup or other nestable container in which the sidewall is formed from a rectangular sheet-like blank of a thermoplastic material, particularly an expanded thermoplastic material, the blank having its ends joined to one another in a liquid-tight seam extending the full height thereof to form a sleeve, the blank having a relatively high degree of orientation or heat-shrinkability extending circumferentially of the sleeve, the fabrication of the sidewall from the sleeve being accomplished by telescoping the sleeve over a generally frusto-conically shaped mandrel, by exposing the sleeve to heat to cause it shrink to conform to the configuration of the mandrel and by stripping the shrunken sleeve from the mandrel. A two-piece container may also be formed from such a sidewall by affixing an end closure element to the bottom or smaller end of the sidewall.

Abstract: Laminates of a metal base having a plasma or flame sprayed metal coating thereon, which coating comprises at least about 50% by weight of a transition metal, and including a layer of a solid film lubricant of effective lubricating amounts of a lubricating pigment dispersed in a polymeric binder on said flame sprayed or plasma sprayed metal coating. These laminates may be used at various glass contacting locations for handling glass in its process of manufacture.

Abstract: A method of measuring wall thickness of a tubular glass article which comprises directing a beam of coherent light against the outer surface of the article at an angle such as to cause reflection of a portion of the beam from the outer surface and refraction of another portion of the beam by the outer surface to the inner surface which is then reflected from the inner surface and refraction out of the outer surface. The reflected rays pass outwardly from the article to a distance such as the rays converge and form interference fringes, the spacing of which is related to wall thickness. The spacing between said interference fringes is compared with a predetermined standard and a reject signal is created when the fringe spacing deviates from the predetermined standard by a predetermined amount. The method includes the step of directing additional beams of coherent light against circumferentially spaced points such that the additional beams are reflected from the outer and inner surfaces of the tubular article.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in methods for conveying a charge, or gob, of formable glass along glass loading equipment, from the point of severance of the gob to the point where the charge of formable glass is discharged into a mold for forming; the improvement essentially resides in increasing the effective glass contacting life of lubricants, which have been previously employed on the glass loading equipment, by providing a support coating for the previously employed lubricants, which support coating comprises a transition metal in a major amount applied from a flame spray or plasma spray and presents an abrasion-resistant, rough surface profile upon which the previously employed lubricants are then deposited.

Abstract: An improved lehr loading bar for loading newly formed glass containers into an annealing lehr. A series of relatively flat faced liner bars are loaded into a carrier bar having opposed dove tail slides. The liner bars are separated by spacers which also engage the dove tail slides. The space between adjacent spacers defines a pocket into which a glass container may fit for transfer to a lehr. Both liner bars and spacers are made of carbon or carbon graphite material to prevent thermal damage to the hot glass containers when they touch them.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for delivering two sulfur pellets or pills to the interior of hot glass containers which are moving on a conveyor. The pill delivery apparatus is supplied, through a magazine, with pills to a gating mechanism. The gating device which is pneumatically actuated, isolates two pills from the magazine, places the pills in the inlet to a delivery tube and then air under pressure, which actuates the gating device, is delivered to the two pills to pneumatically dispatch the pills through the delivery tube. The delivery tube has its delivery end positioned over the bottle conveyor so that the pills enter through the finish or neck of the bottle.

Abstract: An apparatus for refining molten glass comprising a shell mounted in a generally vertical position and having an intermediate cylindrical portion and frusto-conical end portions, refractory material within the shell defining a glass-receiving chamber. The shell is supported by bearings mounted upon a base and engaging the frusto-conical end portions of the shell. Drive means are interposed between the lower frusto-conical end portion and the lower bearing for rotating the shell about its generally vertical axis. A housing surrounds the shell. The shell is cooled by circulating air continuously in the area between the shell and the housing. The bearings are both lubricated and cooled by forcing oil about the bearings. Unrefined molten glass is delivered to the upper end of the shell, rotated, and the refined molten glass is removed from the lower end of the chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to articles of glass-ceramic, including glass-ceramic components of articles, and to processes for manufacturing these glass-ceramic articles. Specifically, a glass article is formed, the surface layer is crystallized to form a skeleton, and finally the whole glass article is bulk crystallized.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to articles of glass-ceramic, including glass components of articles, and to processes for manufacturing these glass-ceramic articles. Specifically, a glass article is crystallized in bulk, ion exchanged to add lithium to the surface layer, and heated to crystallize the surface layer where the coefficient of expansion of the surface is less than that of the main body.

Abstract: The testing of glass containers for structural defects, principally in the side wall surfaces thereof, is provided wherein bottles are conveyed in succession at spaced-apart intervals through the testing device. The testing device takes the form of a wheel having a substantial thickness mounted to rotate about a vertical axis, with the periphery of the wheel extending over a portion of the width of the conveyor belt. A pressure plate having a vertical surface facing in the direction of the wheel and positioned and supported from the opposite side of the conveyor has a surface configuration closely paralleling that of the curvature of the wheel. The pressure plate and wheel are positioned relative to each other such that a container, in order to pass between the wheel and the pressure plate, is subjected to a lateral compressive force. Because of the contour of the wheel and length of the pressure plate, at least 180.degree.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to articles of glass-ceramic, including glass-ceramic components of articles, and to processes for manufacturing these glass-ceramic articles. Specifically, a glass article is formed, the surface layer of the article is ion exchanged to add lithium, the surface layer is crystallized, and finally the whole article is bulk crystallized.

Abstract: A method for rapidly melting glass-making materials wherein the glass-making materials are introduced into a chamber containing molten glass, heat is applied to the materials in the chamber by passage of an electric current between spaced electrodes while one of the electrodes is moved within the molten materials to agitate the materials to constantly move the location of the heating point through the batch glass-making materials and to enfold newly-added glass-making materials into the molten glass within the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention concerns sodium silicate and sodium aluminosilicate glass compositions which contain specified proportions of tantalum oxide and glass electrodes made therefrom, which are particularly sensitive to sodium ions in aqueous solutions containing sodium ions and other monovalent cations. These glasses represent an improvement over sodium aluminosilicate glass elctrodes of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,829,090.

Abstract: An improved method for forming blow molded articles of enhanced physical characteristics by orienting the material during the formation of the article. A two-stage blowing operation is provided wherein a pre-form blow mold effects a uniform and controllable transfer of heat from a freely extruded tube. The pre-form is conditioned, both thermally and dimensionally, within the pre-form for most effective orientation during a subsequent final blowing operation.Manipulatively, the disclosed method provides a completely overlapped pre-blowing and final blowing operation, and more than one set of pre-blow and final blow molds may be utilized at a single extruder orifice, if desired. Further, the direction and extent of movement of the molds adapts the method to presently existing blow molding machines, while increasing the machine output.Successively utilized blow tubes form and reform the open or blowing end of the tube to a final configuration.