Abstract: Compounds of the general formula III, ##STR1## in which R represents ##STR2## and in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen or straight-chained or branched lower alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, and X represents a cleavable group, at least one of the groups R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 represents a group that stabilizes the dioxetan structure and at most one of the groups R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 represents hydrogen. These compounds can be used as substrates in immunological assays and in DNA diagnostics using activating agents for the formation of colour.

Abstract: A film container handling apparatus for handling a film container (51) including a film entrance/exit opening (61) which is selectable between a first condition providing an opening and a second condition providing a larger opening. The apparatus includes a holding portion (12a) for holding the film container. The apparatus further includes opening levers (82) and a first cam member (87a) for switching over the film entrance/exit opening (61) of the film container (51) as held at the holding portion (12a) from the first condition to the second condition, and a discharging plate (92) and a second cam member (87b) for discharging the film container (51) from the film holding portion (12a) after the film (47b) has been removed from the film container (51) under the second condition.

Abstract: An evaluation circuit forms quotients based on the detected wheel speeds and compares the quotients to each other. Depending on the results of the comparison, a signal which represents the condition of the tires is generated, which signal activates a display for the benefit of the driver. In a preferred embodiment, the rate of change of the quotients over time is also determined to provide a basis for signal generation.

Abstract: Sennosides A, B and Al of the formula: ##STR1## which are substantially free from sennosides C, D and Dl, and from aloe-emodin derivatives, are prepared by a process whereina) a sennoside mixture is reduced to rhein-9-anthrone-8-glucoside and aloe-emodin-9-anthrone-8-glucoside,b) a liquid-liquid partitioning of the compounds obtained is carried out between a polar organic solvent which is only partly miscible with water and an aqueous phase andc) the rhein-9-anthrone-8-glycosides contained after the partitioning in the aqueous phase is again oxidized to the corresponding sennosides and these are recovered.

Abstract: A crystal pulling apparatus for producing a crystal boule (17) from a material melted in a crucible (4) has, in a tank (1), a heater (5) surrounding the crucible (4). The tank (1) has in the area of the crucible (4) an annular chamber (8) defined on the heater (5) side by an inner protective wall (6) and connected to the shielding gas outlet (14, 15), and on the outside by an outer protective wall (7) behind which the thermal insulation (10) of the tank (1) is located.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of crystalline O-isopropylisourea hydrochloride, wherein cyanamide, chloroformamidinium chloride and isopropanol are reacted, an aprotic solvent preferably selected from the group consisting of ketones, ethers, esters and acetals, is added to the reaction mixture before, during and/or after the reaction and, optionally after cooling the reaction solution, the crystalline reaction product is separated off. O-isopropylisourea hydrochloride is obtained in a very pure and coarse crystalline form by the process of the invention.

Abstract: In order to avoid faults as a result of different diameters of tires, under prescribed conditions a correction of one wheel speed with respect to the other on each side of the vehicle is performed. The conditions are based on a comparison of the throttle valve angle to the zero torque angle, and a comparison of the speed of the driven wheel to the speed of the non-driven wheel.

Abstract: Saccharomyces mutants with defects in N-glycosylation which are obtainable by ?.sup.3 H!-mannose suicide selection, introduction of one or several selective markers, selection of those strains which, after transformation with the plasmid YEpL/glucose oxidase, secrete 10 mg/l GOD or more into the culture medium after culture under standard conditions, are allelic to the ngd mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DSM 7042, DSM 7338, DSM 7160 and/or 7340 and express proteins with a uniform carbohydrate structure.

Abstract: Graft polymers of ketone-aldehyde condensation and co-condensation products and/or the monovalent or polyvalent metal compounds thereof are described, in which condensation product consistsa) of symmetrical or asymmetrical ketones containing aliphatic, araliphatic, cyclic or aromatic hydro-carbon radicals with at least one nonaromatic radical,b) an aldehyde of the formula R--(CHO).sub.n, wherein n=1 to 2 and R can be hydrogen or an aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical, andc) optionally of carboxyl, sulpho, sulphamido, sulphoxy, sulphoalkylamine or sulphoalkyloxy groups,to which product anionic and/or nonionic and/or cationic unsaturated monomers have been grafted. These graft polymers are outstandingly suitable as dispersants for inorganic binder suspensions and solutions, for aqueous clay suspensions and solutions or coal/water suspensions, as retention agents, thickeners, in particular for aqueous systems, and as agents for preventing the swelling of clay in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A rotating head (11) for crystal pulling systems (1) according to Czochralski has a reference platform (16) which is able to rotate around a vertical rotation axis (A--A) with a vertical feed-through opening (25) for a pulling cable (13) that can be wound up and a drive assembly (23) for driving a horizontal shaft (22). A winding drum (15) with a helical winding groove (29) for the pulling cable is located on this shaft in a fixed manner so it cannot rotate, but can be moved axially. In order to avoid abrasion and contamination and to accurately guide the cable (13), a helical guiding element (30) with the same pitch as the winding groove is located on the horizontal shaft (22) at a location remote from the vertical rotation axis (A--A). This guiding element is able to rotate with the horizontal shaft.

Abstract: For the detection of nucleic acids of definite sequence by hybridisation with a complementary nucleic acid probe which contains bound via a chemical bonding at least one hapten as labelling one uses, as hapten, a steroid which is bound vie a bridge of at least 4 atoms length to at least one position of the nucleic acid probe which does not participate in hydrogen bridge formation and detects the hybridised probe via an in turn labelled anti-hapten antibody.

Abstract: The pressure in the brake system is adjusted by an electronic control unit to conform to a nominal value, and the onset of the braking action is derived from the detection of the reaction of the vehicle body during the braking operation. The nominal value is determined based on the driver's command and the measured pressure in the brake system at the onset of braking.

Abstract: A support with a through-hole (13) for a plunger (3) and a contact surface (15) for a sealing ring (8), is designed as a sliding body (12) with two .diametrically opposite sliding shoulders, which are inserted in complementary transverse grooves (9, 10) in the end of a cylinder (1). After the sliding body (12) has been inserted, it is held in place in the cylinder by the plunger (3). The sliding body (12) is provided with an annular channel inside the through-hole, in which channel a wiper ring (17) is set.

Abstract: A process is described for the purification of carbohydrate derivatives with surface-active properties in which an extraction process is used to liberate the solid or liquid starting material from undesired lipophilic by-products by the use of compressed propane or a proportionate mixture thereof with butane at pressures between 8 and 150 bar and a process temperature below 120.degree. C. In this way it is possible to isolate valuable raw materials in a gentle manner either batch-wise or continuously which meet the high purity requirements, for example in the field of cosmetics.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the non-radioactive detection of metabolically labelled DNA, in one aspect detecting labelled DNA indicative of cell lysis or apoptosis.

Abstract: For flip-chip mounting of a component with its contact surface on the contact surface of substrate, the component or the substrate is held at the free end of a lever arm which pivots around an axis, and the other part is held on a support. In a beam path between an optical device, especially a viewing device, and the contact surfaces of the two parts, a semireflecting mirror is provided to provide images of the two contact surfaces simultaneously in the optical viewing device. A first point on the one contact surface, a second point on the other contact surface, a third point on the mirror surface, and the pivot axis of the lever arm form the corners of a square. The beam path between the optical device and the semireflecting mirror is a beam path parallel to the optical axis of the optical device, the beam striking the mirror at an angle of approximately 45.degree..

Abstract: The invention describes methods for identifying a molecule of interest, as well as nucleic acid molecules which encode it, and binding partners for it. A cDNA library from a cell expressing the target is prepared, and expressed in host cells. Lysates of the host cells are screened with a sample, treated to remove interfering binding partners. The treatment involves contact of the sample to lysates of untransfected host cells, and host cells transfected or transformed with the same vector used to make the cDNA library. Also a part of the invention are antigens and cDNA identified using the methodology.

Abstract: A barrier discharge device (4a, 4b, 4c) installed in a vacuum chamber (1) consists essentially of at least two facing electrodes (20, 22); a dielectric (22) situated between the electrodes (20, 22) and in the immediate proximity of one of these electrodes (20); and a power source (26), which is connected electrically to the electrodes (20, 22). The plasma particles and UV radiation generated during the electrical discharge between the electrodes (20, 22) pass through the electrode (22), which is permeable to UV radiation and plasma particles, and thus emerge from the discharge space. On the surfaces (5a, 5b), the UV radiation induces a photochemical cleaning process, and the impinging plasma particles induce a plasma-chemical cleaning process. The cleaning process is essentially independent of pressure and can be used at pressures of up to 10 bars, which means that the cleaning process can be operated in particular during the time in which the vacuum chamber (1) is being pumped out.

Abstract: In an apparatus for coating substrates, having sputtering cathodes (4, 5) disposed in a vacuum chamber (1), sputtering targets (6, 7), a medium-frequency generator (9) connected to the cathodes (4, 5), and a system (16) for detecting and suppressing undesired arcing, a cycle of the medium-frequency signal of the medium-frequency generator (9) is divided into a plurality of time segments, the electrical values of current and voltage for a predetermined time segment being determined so as to form a measured value signal and being entered into a ground-free meter island (16). The meter island (16) is tied as a remote station into a circular network (9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 11) whose master station is situated in the control unit (11) present in the generator (9). The blocking of the generator (9) when an arc occurs takes place through a line (19) connecting the meter island (16) to the generator (9).

Abstract: The invention involves a nonapeptide derived from the tumor rejection antigen precursor encoded by gene MAGE-3. This nonapeptide is presented by HLA molecules HLA-A1. The resulting complexes are identified by cytolytic T cells. Such recognition may be used in diagnostics, or therapeutically.