Abstract: A single crystal substrate for epitaxial growth thereon of a semiconductor layer. The substrate consisting essentially of sapphire (aluminium oxide) and at least one additive selected from a group consisting of oxides of gallium, titanium, scandium, and others. A 87 mol percent content of gallium oxide is most preferred for a silicon layer. Similarly, an additive and its content should most preferably be selected depending on the semiconductor, which may be gallium phosphide, aluminium phosphide, or zinc sulphide.

Abstract: In an electronic timepiece including a battery, a time count circuit for counting reference clock signals from an oscillator and a display unit for displaying the counted values of the time count circuit, there is provided a switching mechanism for controlling a function other than a time count function. A battery set signal which is generated upon incorporation of a battery into the body of the timepiece is temporarily held in a holding circuit.The timepiece includes a switching circuit which, when the switching mechanism is operated, permits a switching operation signal for controlling a function other than the time count function to be switched by the output of a signal holding circuit to a switching operation signal for controlling a time setting function.The timepiece further includes a counter in which the contents are counted by the latter switching operation signal. The output of the counter is delivered as an instruction for time counting.

Abstract: A compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein Y represents a 2-carboxyethylthio group or a trifluoromethylthio group and a nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as antibacterial agents. They may be prepared by (a) reacting a compound having the formula ##STR2## wherein X.sub.1 represents a halogen atom with a compound having the formulaY -- Hwherein Y has the same meaning as defined above, or (b) reacting a compound having the formula ##STR3## wherein R represents a protective group for the carboxyl group with a compound having the formulaY -- CH.sub.2 COX.sub.2wherein X.sub.2 represents a halogen atom and Y has the same meaning as defined above and removing the protective group for the carboxyl group from the resulting product, or (c) reacting a compound having the formula ##STR4## wherein A represents an acetoxy group or a carbamoyloxy group and Y has the same meaning as defined above with 5-mercapto-1-methyl-1H-tetrazole or its alkali metal salt.

Abstract: A polymeric resist mask composition thinly coated on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the prescribed portions of said resist mask are exposed to high energy rays such as electron beams, X-rays or ultraviolet rays for degradation, and the degraded portions of the resist mask are removed by an organic solvent to present a prescribed resist mask pattern on the semiconductor substrate, which comprises a halogenated polymethacrylic ester whose composition is expressed by the general formula ##STR1## (WHERE R denotes a halogenated alkyl radical including a halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, and at least one fluorine atom in case said radical contains chlorine or bromine and n indicates an average polymerization degree of 100 to 20,000) and an organic solvent for said halogenated polymethacrylate.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing trioxane, characterized by adding thereto a specific trivalent organic phosphorus compound is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus optically reproduces FM electric signals from the recording medium recorded with said electric signals in the form of a change in refraction index. The apparatus is so constructed that a pair of laser beams are incident on the recording medium at substantially the same point with an angle defined between the laser beams; a diffracted light obtained by causing each of said beams to be diffracted, upon being transmitted through the recording medium, in accordance with the phase change pattern thereof is overlapped on a non-diffracted light obtained by causing the each of said beams to be transmitted through the recording medium without being diffracted; and optically phase-modulated signals are detected as a beat output produced by optical mixing of the diffracted light with the non-diffracted light, thus to reproduce a recorded signal.

Abstract: Record alignment apparatus is disclosed for placing a record on the spindle of a record player especially where the spindle is not fully accessible or visible or where the user is fully or partially blind.

Abstract: A preferably axial air gap motor has coreless armature stator windings and a permanent magnet rotor. Sensors, such as Hall generators, are provided to sense the rotary position of the rotor and control switching of current to the respective armature windings. The stator armature windings have a maximum of two magnetically active coil sections per pole of the multi-polar rotor, preferably arranged as flat round coils located on the stator in diametrically arranged configuration, the angular spacing between imaginary diametrical lines through the coils being, however, non-uniform over the rotor circumference, and matched to the spacing of rotor poles, the larger angular gaps between the coils providing space on the stator for the sensors and electronic circuitry. In a preferred embodiment, the rotor has numbers of poles divisible by eight.

Abstract: A signal being received and superimposed disturbance pulses are taken from a stage of the receiver where the signal is a periodic wave of constant amplitude or of amplitude varying at rates limited by a moderate modulation band, and the signal so picked up is AC-coupled to a diode clamp circuit, the clamp voltage then being amplified to produce a control output for a blanking gate. The forward voltage of the diode is insufficient to put the transistor of the following amplifier into its conducting condition, so that the transistor conducts only when a disturbance pulse extends beyond the limits of the envelope of the sinusoidal signal. By the use of a phase splitter, two identical clamp circuits may be operated to detect disturbance pulses of opposite polarity, and their outputs may be combined to provide blanking control pulses whenever a disturbance pulse of either polarity appears.

Abstract: A steel slag cement manufactured by reducing a steel slag discharged from a steelmaking furnace such as a converter, an open-hearth furnace or an electric arc furnace, and then oxidizing the steel slag thus reduced, which consists of, in weight percentage:CaO : 68 to 72%,SiO.sub.2 : 22 to 26%,Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 1 to 3%,Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 0.2 to 1.0%,P.sub.2 o.sub.5 : 0.1 to 0.6%,TiO.sub.2 : 0.4 to 0.9%,MnO : trace to 0.4%,MgO : 0.3 to 3.0%,CaF.sub.2 : 0.3 to 2.0%,and the balance incidental impurities.

Abstract: A hard compact material, such as rock, is broken by forcing a longish mass body of relatively incompressible fluid, such as water, against the material to be broken. The mass body is directed into a hole in the material for impacting a surface therein. Prior to the impact delivering the mass body is accelerated to an impact velocity of sufficient magnitude for causing cracks to form in the material. Further, cracks in the hole are propagated toward a free surface in the material by the effect of the momentum or kinetic energy of the mass body.

Abstract: A switch device adapted to respond to operation of steering handle comprises a disc which rotates in cooperation with operation of the steering handle and which has a plurality of actuating pieces which in turn actuate a rotor having a contactor which contacts with a contact member disposed in opposite relationship with it.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel water-soluble thermosetting resin which has the property of providing paper with a nearly constant wet and dry strength over a wide pH range according to methods of wet-end additions or surface applications.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprises a plurality of tone generators for independently producing tone signals having slightly different frequencies, though fundamentally corresponding to the note of a key depressed on a keyboard; and a mixing circuit coupled to the outputs of the tone generators. The respective tone generators are provided with a control input and are brought to start in the same phase in response to application of an initial synchronizing pulse to the control inputs, thereby attaining clear rise of musical sounds immediately upon key depression. The synchronizing pulse may be produced necessarily at the instant of key depression only when an output of the mixing circuit has a amplitude level lower than a predetermined level.

Abstract: A device for sensing the exerted load on a rope, wire, or the like, comprises two mutually aligned wheels around which the rope or wire passes and a load sensor placed between the wheels. A clamping device connected to the load sensor is clamped to the rope or wire to divert the path of the rope or wire as it passes between the wheels. The load sensor comprises a roller connected to the clamping device and a shaft pivotally mounted within the roller by means of self-aligning bearings. A plurality of transducers are mounted to the shaft and the transducers are coupled to a means for indicating the load on the rope, wire, or the like as a function of a variation in the electrical characteristics of the transducer during bending of the shaft responsive to exertion of a load on the rope, wire, or the like.

Abstract: A novel hexagonal-system ferrite powder having surprisingly high coercive force as well as other excellent performance characteristics is disclosed. The ferrite powder is prepared by co-precipitating ferrous hydroxide and a metal carbonate in a liquid phase under specified conditions, followed by calcinating the resulting co-precipitated product under specified temperature conditions. The ferrite powder thus obtained has a good miscibility with a plastic material and is suitable for making a composite plastic-ferrite magnet.

Abstract: A radiation detector such as a proportional counter produces pulses of wh the peak voltage is representative of radiation energy and the pulse rate is representative of radiation intensity. These pulses are sorted out according to peak voltage and the pulses in each peak voltage range are individually counted. Each channel has an AND-gate with one input receiving a signal from a flipflop which is set when a differential amplifier of that channel detects an input pulse voltage exceeding a predetermined bias and the AND-gate also has another input connected to the negative output of the flipflop of the next higher channel. The bias voltage of differential amplifiers sets the lower threshold of each channel, of which the upper threshold is the lower threshold of the next higher channel. When a transfer pulse is applied to the AND-gates, only the counter of the channel for the range within which the peak voltage of the detected pulse lies receives a pulse.

Abstract: A novel hexagonal-system ferrite powder having surprisingly high coercive force as well as other excellent performance characteristics is disclosed. The ferrite powder is prepared by co-precipitating ferrous hydroxide and a metal carbonate in a liquid phase under specified conditions, followed by calcinating the resulting co-precipitated product under specified temperature conditions. The ferrite powder thus obtained has a good miscibility with a plastic material and is suitable for making a composite plastic-ferrite magnet.

Abstract: Process for producing a completely random copolymer of a conjugated diene and a monovinyl substituted aromatic compound having the same composition as that of the starting monomeric mixture which comprises copolymerizing a conjugated diene and a monovinyl substituted aromatic compound in the presence of lithium catalyst in a polymerization medium at a temperature not higher than 150.degree. C and at which the resulting copolymer is substantially phase-separated, said temperature being dependent upon the type of medium, and type, composition and concentration of the monomer used.

Abstract: A motor drives a fuel supply control element, typically the throttle of an automotive-type gasoline engine through a solenoid controlled coupling. Upon brake, clutch, manual switch, or other interrupting operation, the solenoid is de-energized so that a spring can permit interruption of the coupling and a throttle return spring can return the throttle to idle position. To prevent dangerous conditions from arising, and run-away of the engine in case of malfunction of the coupling, an electronic circuit is provided to introduce a signal to the speed control system which tends to move the throttle positioning motor to change the position of the throttle to idle speed condition if a disabling signal is sensed.