Abstract: A projection apparatus comprising a holding section for holding a film cassette having an exposed magnetic-zoned film therein, motors for automatically drawing out the leader portion of the film from the film cassette and for forwardly feeding the film with a predetermined timing, a projection lamp and a projection lens pair for illuminating the film to project an image, a magnetic head for detecting magnetic information on the film, a shutter which operates in accordance with the magnetic information detected by the magnetic head, and a control circuit for operating the motors and the shutter in accordance with programs, thereby controlling the film feed timing and shutter operation timing.

Abstract: A trocar comprises an obturator having a piercing tip, and a cannula for forming a passage in tissue that is punched by the piercing tip. The cannula is formed from a flexible tube or a coil tube and transforms and libitum in accordance with the shape of the surgical tool that is to be inserted into the body cavity through the cannula. Therefore, the trocar of the invention allows insertion of a surgical tool curved in a circular arc into the body cavity without requiring no enlargement of the inside diameter of the cannula.

Abstract: To protect a niobium tube (9) forming a current supply lead through a thrh-opening (14) in an end plug (10) in a ceramic discharge vessel against attack by halides or condensed sodium, the through-opening is formed in two portions, of different diameters. The outer portion (16), remote from the discharge vessel, has a diameter which is matched to the diameter of the tube (9), leaving only a capillary between the plug opening and the tube; the second, inner portion (17) is narrower than the first one, that is, outer portion, and surrounds the shaft of the electrode by a sufficient distance to permit expansion of the electrode, typically of tungsten, under operating conditions, without cracking the plug by forced engagement with the wall of the inner portion (17) of the aperture. A sealing glass, melt-sealed into the capillary of the outer portion, seals the niobium tube.

Abstract: An optical communication system comprises a transmitter (1), a receiver (3) and optical transmission path (2) between the transmitter and receiver. The transmitter (1) includes an electro-optical transducer (4) for converting a data input signal which is binary-coded according to a given bit period, into a polarized FSK-modulated optical signal, and a polarization switching device (5) for modifying the polarized FSK-modulated optical signal into a data-induced polarization switched signal (DIPS-signal), which is transmitted over the transmission path (2) to said receiver (3). The receiver (3) includes a local oscillator (8; 31) for generating a local optical signal; a mixer (9; 32) for mixing the received optical signal and the local optical signal to produce a mixed optical signal; and a detector (10; 33) for detecting and converting the mixed optical signal into a corresponding electrical signal.

Abstract: A display device has first and second substrates, a liquid-crystal layer, pixel electrodes arranged on the first substrate, a plurality of semiconductor active elements connected to the pixel electrodes, signal lines for supplying drive signals to the active elements, and a plurality of opposing electrodes arranged on the second substrate. Each pixel electrode, that portion of each opposing electrode which overlaps the pixel electrode, and that portion of the liquid-crystal layer which is sandwiched between the pixel electrode and said that portion of the opposing electrode form a pixel. A voltage having a positive or negative value according to the image data is applied between the input terminal of the semiconductor active element and said at least one of the opposing electrode, for a selecting period.

Abstract: An isolated and substantially pure polynucleotide encoding 238 amino acids of the carboxy terminal end of the triple helical domain and all 233 amino acids of the carboxy terminal noncollageneous domain of the bovine .alpha.3 chain of type IV collagen. An isolated and substantially pure polynucleotide encoding 218 amino acids of the carboxy terminal noncollagenous domain of the human .alpha.3 chain of type IV collagen. Such polynucleotides are useful to express large amounts of proteins in vectors and such expressed proteins are useful to detect Goodpasture antibodies in blood and to remove Goodpasture antibodies from the bloodstream of patients suffering from Goodpasture syndrome.

Abstract: A method of managing, in a telecommunication network, user data of a user who may move from a base work area associated with a base exchange which comprises a base memory to another work area associated with another exchange which comprises another memory, independent of whether or not the user is communicating. The method comprises effecting a coupling between the base memory and the another memory when the user moves from the base work area to the another work area; copying a largest portion of the user data stored in the base memory and storing the copied data in the another memory via the coupling, the user data stored in the base memory remaining available for further copying, and changes to be made in the user data taking place both in the base memory and in the another memory.

Abstract: A label sensor (45) serves to sense or scan a backing strip (14) that is provided with labels (17) thereon, and serves to control a labeling process in a labeling machine. The label sensor has a spring element (80) coupled to a ferromagnetic core (87) provided with a winding (85) thereon. The spring element (80) also is coupled to a surface following member (94) arranged to contact the side of the backing strip (14) carrying the labels (17). In operation, the winding (85) is excited with radio-frequency signal, and the voltage at the winding (85) is evaluated by an electrical evaluation circuit (103). This voltage is a function of whether the surface follower (94) is located on a label (17) or in a gap (20) between two labels, and it may serve to control a labeling machine.

Abstract: A fluid applicator in which the internal pressure of a fluid tank can selectively be increased, and the fluid to be applied is prevented from being discharged excessively during application. A cap is provided with a short first inner barrel and a long second inner barrel, so that, when the neck of the applicator is inserted into the short first inner barrel to seal the tip, the pressure rise in the first inner barrel is adapted to be small so as not to substantially increase the internal pressure of the fluid tank, whereas when the neck is inserted into the long second inner barrel, the pressure rise in the second inner barrel is adapted to be great so as to increase the internal pressure of the fluid tank. Alternatively, the applicator may be provided with a pressurizing device having a plurality of sealing barrels of different lengths.

Abstract: A bar code symbol imaged by a two-dimensional imaging apparatus is stored in a frame memory. A data processing apparatus estimates the position of each code in the bar code symbol projected onto the photoelectric conversion plane of the two-dimensional imaging apparatus and checks to see if the position of each code word is within the screen. Whether or not decoding is possible is determined by judging whether or not the number of code words estimated to be outside the screen has exceeded the number of codes restorable. Only when it is judged that decoding is possible, pieces of information on the bar code symbol are read in sequence from the frame memory to restore the original information.

Abstract: Heating pads using positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance material are subject to fire risk if one of the conductor wires between which the PTC material extends should break and produce an electric arc. Protection by fuse and a fuse-blowing circuit responsive to fire detection must allow for an immense inrush of current when the cold pad is turned on. A heat setting control using a microprocessor can reduce the fuse rating by chopping the a.c. heating current for a short start-up period following with full-on feed until the heat setting is reached. The presence of a microprocessor allows response to a safety circuit that detects a break in a heater feed or return conductor before much excess heat develops, so that the microprocessor can turn off the heater switch. That response is so quick that it can be confirmed by repeated detection after very short pauses before the heater switch (a triac) is turned off.

Abstract: This method for forming a measuring diaphragm which measures the volume of a passing gas with high accuracy and has a prolonged service life because the diaphragm moves completely in the same way to both sides of the measuring vessel in which it is fixed. The measuring diaphragm when produced in quantity has an undulating structure of high uniformity and variation in quality of the diaphragm is small.

Abstract: A TFT panel is manufactured by a process of forming an oxide voltage-apply lines, gate lines, and capacitor lines on an insulating substrate, and a process of forming thin-film transistors, pixel electrodes, data lines, and ground lines. In a state that one end of the gate line and both ends of the capacitor line are connected to the oxide voltage-apply line, oxide films are formed on the surfaces of the gate line and the capacitor line by anodization. After forming the oxide film, the gate line and the capacitor line are electrically separated from the oxide voltage-apply line.

Abstract: An encoder for coding a digital signal comprises an encoder input for receiving the digital signal; a first data processor, having an input which is coupled to the encoder input, for generating a first coded digital signal at a first output of the first data processor; a first reduction device coupled to the encoder input, for reducing the received digital signal; a second data processor, having an input which is coupled to the first reduction device, for generating a second coded digital signal at a first output of the second data processor; a first encoder memory having an input which is coupled to a second output of the first data processor, and having an output which is coupled to the input of the first data processor; a second encoder memory having an input which is coupled to a second output of the second data processor, and having an output which is coupled to the input of the second data processor; and a first encoder prediction device having a first side which is coupled to the second output of the s

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of manufacturing a plated steel sheet with a Zn--Cr composite plating, wherein a total of 0.01 to 300 g/l of at least one type of salt having a pH buffering action in a pH range of 2 to 6 in a bath containing only zinc are added to an acidic Zn--Cr composite plating bath containing zinc ions and trivalent chromium ions to prepare a plating bath, and plating film is formed on a steel sheet using the resultant plating bath.