Abstract: Liquid manual dishwashing detergent compositions which exhibit superior foaming and detergency properties in laboratory tests are comprised of alkyl sulfates, .alpha.-olefin sulfonates alkyl betaines, and alkyl polyglycosides.

Abstract: Spin finishes for synthetic filament fibers which contain a water-soluble polyether carbonate of the formula I:R.sup.1 --O--((R.sup.2 --O--).sub.n COO--).sub.m R.sup.3 (I)in which R.sup.1 represents R.sup.4 (O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --).sub.x O--CO--, CH.sub.3 --O--CO, CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --O--CO, or hydrogen; R.sup.2 is a difunctional hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms which may be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched; R.sup.3 represents R.sup.4 (O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --).sub.y ; R.sup.4 is a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms which may be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched; n is an integer of 1 to 100; m is an integer of 1 to 50; x is an integer or 11 to 100; and y is an integer of 11 to 100.

Abstract: A pregellable adhesive containing several polymers, of which at least one is olefinically unsaturated and the other capable of curing by esterification, prepared in such a way that it cures by two different chemical reaction mechanisms which can be activated successively and catalyzed at least substantially independently of one another.

Abstract: An improved fat splitting process which eliminates the induction period encountered during pressure splitting. A partial hydrolysis is conducted prior to pressure splitting by combining a lipase in the presence of water with the fat or oil to be hydrolyzed with added agitation. Pressure splitting of this partially split triglyceride eliminates or reduces the induction period.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mixture of homologous narrow range lauryl polyglycol ethers, to its use as a local anaesthetic agent.

Abstract: In a process for the production of 8.alpha.,12-oxido-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane by dehydration of 8.alpha.,12-dihydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane (diol), wherein the diol is subjected to cyclizing dehydration in the presence of 5 to 80% by weight, based on the diol, of at least one alumino layer silicate selected from K catalysts which have an acid charge of less than 100 mval/100 g.

Abstract: A process for the production of color- and odor-stable quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts comprising the steps ofA) partially or fully esterifying triethanolamine with at least one fatty acid in the presence of hypophosphorous acid;B) adding a peroxide compound and an alkali metal boranate to the esterification product from step A); andC) quaternizing the esterification product with an alkyl halide, a (di)alkyl sulfate or an alkylene oxide in the presence of a phenol derivative and a hydroxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: An ultramild surfactant mixture consisting ofa) from about 48 to about 52% by weight of at least one alkyl oligoglucoside corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 --O--(G).sub.p (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number of 1.3 to 1.8; andb) from about 48 to about 52% by weight of at least one alkyl oligoglucoside corresponding to formula (II):R.sup.2 --O--(G).sub.p (II)in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing 12 to 16 carbon atoms; G is a glucose unit and p is a number of 1.3 to 1.8.Also, finished compositions containing the above surfactant mixture.

Abstract: An ultramild surfactant mixture consisting ofa) from about 5 to about 12% by weight of at least one alkyl oligoglucoside corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 --O--(G).sub.p (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number of 1.3 to 1.8; andb) from about 88 to about 95% by weight of at least one alkyl oligoglucoside corresponding to formula (II):R.sup.2 --O--(G).sub.p (II)in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing 12 to 16 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number of 1.3 to 1.8.Also, finished compositions containing the above surfactant mixture.

Abstract: Foaming emulsions comprising:(A) oily mixture comprising fatty alcohols polyglycol ethers, Guerbet alcohols, and fatty acid esters selected from the group consisting of:(a) a fatty ester of formula III,R.sup.2 CO--OR.sup.3 (III)wherein R.sup.2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and R.sup.3 is a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and(b) a polyol partial ester of glycerol, oligoglycerol or oligoglycerol polyglycol ether with fatty acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms; dialkyl ethers and paraffin hydrocarbons,(B) fatty alcohol sulphates and/or fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulphates,(C) an anionic polymer,(D) an alkyl oligoglycosides,(E) a cationic surfactant or polymers,(F) an electrolytic salt, and(G) water.These emulsions have a cosmetically elegant appearance and are suitable for example for producing two-in-one shower baths.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with 12 to 48 carbon atoms. In a first step of the process (a), .alpha.-branched aliphatic monohydric alcohols (Guerbet alcohols) are converted in the presence of caustic alkali into the alkali salts of the corresponding .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. In a second step of the process (b), the .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are released from the alkali salts by soap splitting in the presence of an inert diluting agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of (meth)acrylic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols by reaction of the reactants with acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid in the presence of acidic esterification catalysts with addition of sterically hindered phenolic compounds as polymerization inhibitors. The process is characterized in that tocopherols are used as the sterically hindered phenolic compounds and .alpha.-tocopherol is preferably at least partly used. The process is preferably carried out using reaction mixtures which are liquid at room temperature and which are at least substantially free from solvents and/or azeotropic entraining agents; more particularly, the water of condensation formed is removed from the gas phase of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Finely ground zeolithic alkali metal aluminum silicates having the general formula: xMe.sub.2 O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.ySiO.sub.2.zH.sub.2 O, are prepared by mixing both reaction components, alkali metal silicate and alkali metal aluminate, in the presence of a stoichiometrically excessive amount of alkali metal hydroxide. The thus obtained gel is matured, the reaction mixture is heated up to crystallisation temperature, then crystallised. During crystallisation, at least one of both reaction components is added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The practicality of known depolymerization reactions in which there is a danger of building up adherent residues on heat transfer surfaces is greatly improved by performing the process under conditions that provide a driving force which assures that none of the feed material and none of any liquid or solid residue produced during the depolymerization of the feed material remains in contact with any heat transfer surface for a time sufficiently long to form any adherent solid residue on the surface. A preferred apparatus for achieving such a driving force includes a horizontal thin film evaporator, a controlled continuous input of liquid feed material, and continuous collection of desired reaction product and any residue that remains condensed throughout its passage through the reaction zone.

Abstract: A detergent or cleaning composition containing a copolymeric polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof which is a terpolymer of (a) a monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3-8 carboxylic acid, (b) a 2-alkyl or aryl allylsulfonic acid, and (c) a carbohydrate. The invention also relates to builder compositions containing the above terpolymer.

Abstract: Fatty acid esters of isethionate salts are made by reacting ethylene oxide and a bisulfite salt, that may be made in situ, in aqueous ammonia while maintaining (1) the pH in the range of about 5.5 to about 6.5 and (2) the temperature in the range of 25.degree. C. to 85.degree. C. to form an isethionate salt. The isethionate salt is then esterified with a fatty acid to produce a product having little or no unwanted fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyol compounds by condensation of glycerol in the presence of lithium compounds and, optionally, subsequent transesterification of the oligoglycerol mixtures obtained with fatty acid glyceride esters and to their use for the production of polymers.

Abstract: A nutrient concentrate for stimulation of growth for the accelerated cultivation and growth of hydrocarbon-consuming microorganisms as well as a process for their use in bioremediation is disclosed. The concentrate is an admixture of water-soluble and/or oil-soluble compounds of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and other components. The concentrate is in the form of a liquid water-based preparation and contains an ester of phosphoric acid as both an emulsifier and a P source. Further, from 10 to 40% by weight urea is contained in the concentrate as a N source. The invention also relates to the treatment of polluted soils, waters, and articles using a diluted aqueous solution of the concentrated admixture.

Abstract: Alkyl polyglycoside products having improved color properties are produced by a process which involves reacting a reducing sugar with an alcohol to obtain an alkyl polyglycoside reaction product containing unreacted alcohol which is removed in a thin film evaporator wherein the alkyl polyglycoside product film is contacted by liquid water which cools the film and reduces the amount of color bodies in the product.

Abstract: Alkyl polyglycoside containing industrial and institutional liquid cleaning compositions which provide for the elimination, or the reduction in the amount, of stabilizing agents.