Abstract: A method for controlling track-bound vehicles in which prescribed route networks and route for track-bound vehicles (F.sub.n) are used to determine forecast delays E(V.sub.k.sup.n) for the vehicles (F.sub.n), a destination function (.psi.) which quantifies the various aspects of causes of delay or aspects which lead to a need to control the individual vehicles (F.sub.n) is minimized, and the method of steepest descent determines control values (M.sub.k.sup.n) by means of which the individual vehicles (F.sub.n) are controlled.

Abstract: In an oxide film forming apparatus for a semiconductor device preprocessing time to measure concentration can be greatly shortened, and the oxide film can be formed with supreme reproducibility in stable manufacturing stages.

Abstract: To enable readily forming the etching stop layer of a lead frame with multilayer structure by plating without using a large-scale device, enhance adhesive strength between the etching stop layer and an adjacent metal layer and prevent peeling caused by deterioration caused by the invasion of a chemical between the etching stop layer and each adjacent metal layer from occurring, an etching stop layer is formed by nickel or a nickel alloy in a method of manufacturing a lead frame at least provided with an etching process for selectively etching metal layers using an etching stop layer as an etching stopper in a state in which a thick metal layer is formed on one side of the etching stop layer as an intermediate layer and a thin metal layer is formed on the other side and a process for etching the etching stop layer using the metal layers on both sides as a mask.

Abstract: A power supply for an emergency light includes a battery and battery charging circuit. The battery charging circuit is formed by two diodes and two resistors and possibly a capacitor.

Abstract: To enable high density mass storage recording, for an upper magnetic layer, the length of a major axis of metallic magnetic powder, the type of binder, the hardness and particle size of abrasive powder, the condition of kneading, surface roughness and thickness are regulated, for a lower nonmagnetic layer, the length of a major axis of nonmagnetic powder, the ratio of the length of a major axis to that of a minor axis and the type of binder are regulated and further, a method of forming the upper magnetic layer and the lower nonmagnetic layer, the thickness of a nonmagnetic base material and Young's modulus are regulated.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a disconnected land and/or a groove thereby forming a control signal portion. The control signal portion may have therein a clock signal. The disconnect is formed by wobbling a laser beam while applying the laser beam to a photoresist layer formed on an original glass disk to cut circumferential grooves therein. The beam is wobbled in the radial direction to form a disconnect in the circumferential groove and simultaneously therewith a mark to disconnect a land between grooves.

Abstract: In a wafer temperature control method and a wafer temperature control device with which it is possible to raise the stability of the temperature of a wafer in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus and the responsiveness of the temperature of the wafer to changes in a set wafer temperature and thereby obtain a higher quality product, the temperature of the wafer is controlled by both the flowrate of a coolant and the heat output of a heat source being controlled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a soft magnetic thin film having a high magnetic permeability and showing a magnetic isotropy which can be obtained without a complicated production procedure, and a magnetic head using this soft magnetic thin film.The soft magnetic thin film has a composition expressed as Fe.sub.a M.sub.b N.sub.c O.sub.d wherein M represents at least one of Ta, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ti; and a, b, c, and d represent atomic percents which are defined as follows: 71 .ltoreq.a.ltoreq.85; 6.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.15; 9.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.16; and 1.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.3.5.

Abstract: A method and system for color transformation of a color variation in an original image into a new color variation in a transformed image of the original image based on a representative color in a target image, the color image workstation is provided having a color computer and a video monitor. The original image and the target image are input into the color computer. A plurality of color samples are picked at points on the target image by use of the video monitor. A statistical analysis is employed to obtain the representative color of the target image. A plurality of color samples are picked at points on the original image also by use of the video monitor. A statistical analysis is employed to obtain a representative color of the original image. By use of the representative color of the original image and the color variation of the original image, and also by use of the representative color of the target image, image points of the original image are transformed to the transformed image.

Abstract: In order to increase the storage density, in a memory cell arrangement having MOS transistors as memory cells which has as gate dielectric, a dielectric triple layer having a first silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer and a second silicon oxide layer, the silicon oxide layers each having a thickness of at least 3 nm, the information is stored using multi-value logic with up to 2.sup.6 values. In this case, use is made of the fact that these memory cells have a time period greater than 1000 years for data retention and their threshold voltage has a very small drift.

Abstract: A process for surface-treating a body made of metal is disclosed, which includes a step of immersing the body made of metal in an aqueous solution containing at least one organometallic compound and at least one film-forming assistant, thereby forming a transparent film on a surface of the body made of metal. Further, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a composition of matter including a substrate made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy and a transparent film formed on the substrate, which can be prepared by the process.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic substrate includes NiO, TiO.sub.2, ZnO, and CaO as major constituents, and major ilmenite and spinel structures, in which the percentage of the total area of the ilmenite and spinel crystalline domains occupied in the area of a given cross section of the nonmagnetic substrate is 20% or more. Preferably, the remainder of the area of the cross section, other than the ilmenite and spinel crystalline domain, contains a CaTiO.sub.3 phase and a TiO.sub.2 phase.

Abstract: A method for producing a via hole to a doped region in a semiconductor device, including the steps of: producing the doped region in a substrate such that the doped region is limited by insulating regions at least at a surface of the substrate; depositing an undoped silicon layer surface-wide on the substrate; producing a doped region in the silicon layer that overlaps a region for the via hole; selectively removing the undoped silicon of the silicon layer relative to the doped region of the silicon layer; producing an insulating layer surface-wide; and forming the via hole in the insulating layer by selective anisotropic etching relative to the doped region of the silicon layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aligning device (10) for individual sheet (12) alignment. The alignment device (10) comprises a sensor device (22, 24, 26, 28), a delivery device (18), and a transport device (14) located downstream from the delivery device in the direction of conveyance of the sheet (12). In order to align the sheet (12) the sensor device (22, 24, 26, 28) detects the side end of the sheet so that its position can be determined in relation to a desired printing position. The transport device (14) holding the sheet (12) is shifted in relation to the direction (16) in which the sheet (12) is conveyed so that the sheet (12) can be moved into the desired printing position. Before the sheet (12) is aligned the delivery device (18), which feeds the sheet (12) to the transport device (14), is opened.

Abstract: In an antenna 1a for reader/writer of an interrogator in a non-contact data carrier system comprising the interrogator and a transponder, the antenna for reader/writer of the interrogator comprises a transmitting antenna 2 for transmitting a signal to the transponder and a receiving antenna 3 for receiving a signal from the transponder, and the receiving antenna 3 is a loop coil located at a position where magnetic fields of opposite polarities are induced in the receiving antenna 3 by magnetic coupling between the receiving antenna 3 and the transmitting antenna 2 and where the magnetic fields of opposite polarities cancel out each other. Preferably, the transmitting antenna 2 is comprised of at least two loop coils 2a, 2b for generating magnetic fields of opposite polarities to each other.

Abstract: Improved polymeric packages with removable non-peelable flange portions of the present invention comprise clamshell packages having a removable and non-peelable package sealing mechanism, which mechanism comprises lines of reduced strength disposed within respective more rigid outside polymeric lid and container layers, which lines of reduced strength do not penetrate the inner disposed less rigid polymeric lid and container layers, whereby the respective lid and container flange portions disposed laterally exterior of the lines of reduced strength can be removed to the package--easily neatly efficiently and without generation of particulate matter.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell equipped with an anode made of a carbonaceous material capable of intercalating and deintercalating light metal ions and imparted with high capacity characteristics and favorable cyclic properties, wherein the carbonaceous material is obtained by irradiating, in a gaseous atmosphere, an electron beam accelerated in high vacuum. The anode made of a carbonaceous material is subjected to electron beam irradiation at a dose ranging from 300 kGy to 1000 kGy.

Abstract: The multi-cell radio system is used in a communication system with at least one exchange (PBX) that has periphery assemblies (SLMC) and/or external radio exchange units (RE 1, RE 2) for the connection of base stations (B). Each mobile terminal equipment (ME) is allocated to exactly one port of a periphery assembly and/or radio exchange unit on the basis of an identification information specific to the terminal equipment. Radio connecting paths to or, respectively, from mobile terminal equipment (ME) can be produced such that, regardless of the location of the terminal equipment, they always ensue with an auxiliary ("extension") connection via the port of the periphery assembly and/or radio exchange unit allocated to it. The periphery assemblies (SLMC) and/or radio exchange units (RE) are configured to package the signaling messages from and to the terminal equipment in user-to-user information of a digital connection.