Abstract: Liquid, nutritionally complete formulas are disclosed with improved physical stability. The nutritionally complete formulas are pourable, yet are able to hold minerals, insoluble fiber and flavoring agents such as cocoa powder in suspension without the formation of a sediment that is not readily redispersible. The invention comprises the use of gellan gum at a concentration of between 10-500 parts per million. Although gellan gum alone is sufficient, the nutritionally complete formula may also comprise other stabilizers such as carrageenan and/or carboxymethylcellulose.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for chemically modifying a pulmonary surfactant protein or polypeptides with various fatty acids. These conjugates are useful in preparing formulations for the treatment of respiratory disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of isolating phytoestrogens isoflavones from plant material. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method of using ion exchange technology to isolate phytoestrogens from plant protein isolates and to the phytoestrogen so isolated.

Abstract: The use of fiber to control infantile colic and diarrhea and adult constipation and diarrhea is well accepted. This invention is specifically directed to liquid nutritional formulas which contain hydrolyzed protein and/or amino acids and dietary fiber. This invention overcomes the problems of product physical stability and high viscosities through the use of soluble/non-fermentable fibers in combination with a blend of insoluble/non-fermentable and soluble/fermentable fibers. The invention is also directed to the use of physiologically effective levels of fibers in nutritional products that use hydrolyzed protein and/or free amino acids for the source of amino nitrogen to treat colic, diarrhea, short gut syndrome and other gastrointestinal maladies.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhancing the absorption of oil soluble (lipophilic) compounds such as oil soluble vitamins, hormones, nutrients and drugs in an animal. The inventive method comprises administering a lipophilic compound in conjunction with a structured glyceride component characterized in that at least 40% of the glyceride species have: (i) about 33 to 70 wt. % of acyl moieties having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (ii) about 30 to 67 wt. % of acyl moieties having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) an equivalent carbon number greater than 30 and less than 48. This invention also relates to compositions suitable for administrating to an animal comprising a lipophilic compound and a structured glyceride component characterized in that at least 40% of the glyceride species have: (i) about 33 to 70 wt. % of acyl moieties having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (ii) about 30 to 67 wt. % of acyl moieties having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) an equivalent carbon number greater than 30 and less than 48.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of producing plant proteins for use in nutritional products that have reduced levels of phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method of using ion exchange technology to remove phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides from plant proteins. This invention is also directed to the plant protein product resulting from the inventive process and to nutritional products that use the plant protein product as a source of amino nitrogen.

Abstract: A process of treating infection by a pathogenic microorganism in a subject in need of such treatment including the step of administering to the subject an effective antimicrobial amount of diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides is provided. Pharmaceutical compositions containing diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides as an active antimicrobial agent are also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed structured lipid containing either a gamma-linolenic acid or a dihomogamma-linolenic acid residue, together with an n-3 fatty acid residue and a medium chain fatty acid residue on the same glycerol backbone. This structured lipid is particularly well adapted to the treatment of disease or stress states. The gamma-linolenic or dihomogamma-linolenic acid residues modify the prostanoid synthesis pathway, reducing the level of series "2" prostanoids and elevating the levels of series "1" and "3" prostanoids. The n-3 fatty acid residue enhances the level of series "1" prostanoids as well as increases the production of series "3" prostanoids. The medium chain fatty acid residues enhances the absorption of the structured lipid. There is also disclosed enteral and parenteral diets as well as nutritional supplements containing the structured lipids of the invention.

Abstract: An enteral nutritional product for a person having ulcerative colitis contains in combination (a) an oil blend which contains eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), and (b) a source of indigestible carbohydrate which is metabolized to short chain fatty acids by microorganisms present in the human colon. Preferably the nutritional product also contains one or more nutrients which act as antioxidants.

Abstract: This invention relates to a palatable elemental nutritional formula that is nutritionally complete for humans with specialized dietary needs. The nutritional of the present invention uses specific free amino acids to provide the source of amino nitrogen (protein equivalents) and a special blend of fats that provides 38 to 50% of the total Calories in a pleasant tasting formula. The nutritionally complete formula of this invention is useful for children having multiple protein allergies, short gut syndrome, sick gut, diarrhea and the like. More specifically, the nutritional product, in accordance with this invention, utilizes L-asparagine monohydrochloride and L-glutamine in place of L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid, respectively. In addition, the source of fat comprises soy, fractionated coconut oil (medium chain triglycerides), high oleic safflower oil and esterified glycerol emulsifiers.

Abstract: The present invention provides water-miscible lipid derivatives effective to inhibit the infectious activity of pathogenic microorganisms. Preferred water-miscible lipid derivatives are diacetyltartaric acid esters of monoglycerides wherein 90 percent or more of the fatty acid content is accounted for by a single fatty acid. The fatty acid component preferably contains from 8 to 24 and, more preferably, from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. The fatty acid can be saturated, unsaturated or hydroxylated.

Abstract: A process of treating a bacterial infection in a subject in need of such treatment including the step of administering to the subject an effective bactericidal amount of diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides is provided. Pharmaceutical compositions containing diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides as an active bactericidal agent are also provided.

Abstract: A novel method for the prevention of infectious diarrhea or diarrhea caused by antibiotic therapy is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of 1) mixing a powder comprising viable cultures of the probiotic organisms Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacieriurn infantis with a liquid; and 2) enterally administering the mixture to a mammal or a human. In a preferred embodiment at least 10.sup.6 CFU (colony forming units) of each probiotic organism is consumed per day. The invention also relates to pills or capsules containing the probiotic system (Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis) in a freeze dried or lyophilized form. The invention also relates to a novel powdered nutritional formula for the prevention of diarrhea that comprises protein, fat, carbohydrates and the microorganisms Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilis and Bifidobacterium infantis.

Abstract: Liquid, nutritionally complete formulas are disclosed with improved physical stability. The nutritionally complete formulas are pourable, yet are able to hold minerals, insoluble fiber and flavoring agents such as cocoa powder in suspension without the formation of a sediment that is not readily redispersible. The invention comprises the use of gellan gum at a concentration of between 10-500 parts per million. Although gellan gum alone is sufficient, the nutritionally complete formula may also comprise other stabilizers such as carrageenan and/or carboxymethylcellulose.

Abstract: A nutritional formulation containing an amount of diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides effective to inhibit the infectious activity of pathogenic microorganisms is provided. A process of inhibiting the infectious activity of pathogenic microorganisms including the step of feeding the nutritional composition to a subject is also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the incidence of otitis media in infants and young children by enterally administering indigestible fructooligosaccharides. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for reducing the incidence of otitis media comprising administering to humans an indigestible fructooligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of 1-kestose, nystose and 1-.sup.F -B-fructofuranosyl nystose . The indigestible fructooligosaccharides can be produced through enzymatic synthesis, chemical techniques or isolated from plant materials and are administered in the form of a nutritional product, candy, tablets, chewing gums, lozenges, milk products, yogurts and the like. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the fructooligosaccharides have a DP of 2 to 20 and still more preferably are the fructooligosaccharides FG.sub.2, GF.sub.3, and GF.sub.4.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition comprising notochord and extracts thereof in therapeutic amounts. The invention more specifically relates to a method of treating arthritis in mammals, more particularly rheumatoid arthritis in humans through the enteral administration of notochord, notochord extracts or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, collagen obtained from sturgeon is enterally administered to a human at from 1.0 .mu.g to 1.05 gms per day.

Abstract: A method for debittering and reducing the allergenic reactivity of protein hydrolysates is disclosed, which method includes the providing of an aqueous solution of a protein hydrolysate, feeding the solution into a bed of siloxane, and collecting a first portion of the solution exiting from the bed. The first portion contains either a non-bitter or bitter fraction. A second portion of the solution exiting from the bed can be collected which contains the opposite tasting fraction of the hydrolysate. Preferably the siloxane is selected from the group comprising octa-siloxane and octadecyl-siloxane. Preferably the hydrolysate has a molecular weight of less than 10,000, and is derived from the group of hydrolysates comprising casein, whey and soy. Additionally, the bed preferably is of a depth of between 2 to 4 times the bed diameter. A more hypoallergenic protein hydrolysate product produced in accordance with the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the duration of diarrhea and recurrent episodes of diarrhea in humans by enterally administering indigestible oligosaccharides prophylactically. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method using indigestible oligosaccharides or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to reduce the duration and recurrence of diarrhea in a human wherein between 0.5 grams and 5 grams of at least one FOS selected from the group consisting of 1-kestose, nystose, and 1.sup.F -.beta.-fructofuranosyl nystose is administered to said human per day. The indigestible oligosaccharides can be produced through enzymatic synthesis, chemical techniques or isolated from plant materials and are administered in the form of a nutritional product, candy, tablets, chewing gum, lozenges, milk, yogurts, fermented products and the like.

Abstract: Liquid beverages for supplementation of dietary calcium are disclosed. The beverages of this invention use calcium glycerophosphate as the source of calcium, acidulants, vitamin C and optionally, vitamin D.