Abstract: A polyacrylate ester, and more particularly a polymethacrylate ester based dispersant-viscosity improver for lubricating oil compositions. Specifically, the dispersant viscosity improvers of this invention are nitrogen-containing copolymers comprising units derived from(A) from about 5% to about 75% by weight of alkyl acrylate ester monomers containing from 1 to 11 carbon atoms in the alkyl group;(B) from about 25% to about 95% by weight of alkyl acrylate ester monomers containing from 12 to about 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and(C) From about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of at least one nitrogen containing monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomers, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate monomers, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide monomers and tertiary-alkyl acrylamides, provided that the total equals 100%. Processes for preparing the compositions, additive concentrates and lubricating oil compositions are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotogravure or flexographic printing ink composition, comprising(A) an ink comprising a pigment dispersed in a fluid vehicle, said vehicle comprising resin incorporated into an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent or a mixture of such solvents; and(B) a wear reducing amount of a metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups containing from 3 to about 30 carbon atoms, M is a metal and a is an integer equal to the valence of M.

Abstract: This invention is directed to water-in-oil emulsions which are useful as explosives. These emulsions comprise: a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising at least one oxygen-supplying component; a continuous organic phase comprising at least one carbonaceous fuel; and a minor emulsifying amount of at least one emulsifier. The emulsifier is the product made by the reaction of component (A) with component (B), component (A) being at least one substituted succinic acylating agent, said substituted succinic acylating agent consisting of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from a polyalkene, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups, and component (B) being ammonia and/or at least one mono-amine.

Abstract: Substituted carboxylic acylating agents formed by reacting an olefin with a carboxylic reactant are further reacted with .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic compositions to form substituted carboxylic acylating agents. The substituted carboxylic acylating agents are further reacted with various compounds to form especially dispersants for use in oil compositions.

Abstract: Additive concentrates comprising from at least one organic diluent selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oils and synthetic oils and from about 95% to about 50% by weight of an ester as defined herein are useful to prepare lubricating oils having good viscosity index and which also have exceptional low temperature characteristics.

Abstract: A non-explosive water in oil emulsion fertilizer composition is provided which comprises:a discontinuous aqueous phase comprising at least one fertilizer component;a continuous oil phase;an emulsifier comprising the reaction product of at least one hydrocarbyl substituted phenol with at least one amine and at least one aldehyde.

Abstract: An enhanced biodegradable grease composition that is environmentally friendly, as well as several processes for preparing the grease composition is described which comprises(A) a base oil wherein the base oil is a natural oil or synthetic triglyceride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are aliphatic groups that contain from about 7 to about 23 carbon atoms;(B) at least one performance additive comprising(1) an alkyl phenol,(2) a benzotriazole, or(3) an aromatic amine; and(C) a thickener wherein the thickener (C) is a reaction product of (C1) a metal based material and (C2) a carboxylic acid or its ester.The enhanced biodegradable lubricating grease may also contain (D) a viscosity modifier, (E) a pour point depressant, or mixtures of (D) and (E).

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds useful as intermediates used for preparing lubricant and fuel additives. The intermediates include the products prepared by the process and dilactones.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: An oil in water dispersion composition is disclosed that comprises a mixture of water and(A) an overbased non-Newtonian colloidal disperse system comprising(1) solid metal-containing colloidal particles predispersed in(2) a disperse medium of at least one inert organic liquid and(3) at least one member selected from the class consisting of organic compounds which are substantially soluble in the disperse medium, where the molecules of said organic compound have polar substituents and hydrophobic portions;(B) a water soluble associative thickener comprising a base-neutralized copolymer having copolymerized therein about 90 to about 99 mole percent of a carboxyl-containing, ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and about 1 to about 10 mole percent of a nonionic surfactant acrylate having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.

Abstract: A process for reacting olefinic compounds, certain carboxylic reactants, and aldehydes or ketones and products prepared by the process. The compositions of the process are useful as intermediates for the preparation of additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: Trithiane and phosphorus and/or thiophosphorus acid derivatives are described which are useful as extreme pressure compositions. The process comprises a reaction product obtained by reacting(A) an aldehyde of the structure ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms with(B) a phosphorus acid of the structure ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently oxygen or sulfur and n is independently zero or one in the presence of a lubricating base oil.A neutralizing agent, component (C), may be reacted with the phosphorus acid and/or thiophosphorus acid intermediate formed by the reaction of components (A) and (B).

Abstract: A process for preparing nitrogen-containing copolymers useful as dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions, additive concentrates and lubricating oil compositions are described.

Abstract: A composition of matter suitable for use as a dispersant-viscosity improver for lubricating oil compositions comprises the reaction product of reactants comprising(a) a hydrocarbon polymer grafted with an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof, and(b) at least one nitrogen and metal containing derivative of a hydrocarbon substituted polycarboxylic acid or functional derivative thereof; and optionally(c) at least one hydroxyl-containing polyester containing at least one condensable free hydroxyl group.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion composition is disclosed which comprises a mixture of water and(A) at least one oil comprising(1) a natural oil or synthetic triglyceride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups that contain from about 7 to about 23 carbon atoms;(2) a synthetic ester base oil comprising the reaction of a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid or an aryl carboxylic acid;(3) an olefin;(4) a polyolefin;(B) at least one phosphite ester of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently aliphatic, aryl or aliphatic substituted aryl groups that independently contain from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; and(C) at least one emulsifier.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds useful as intermediates used for preparing lubricant and fuel additives. The intermediates include the products prepared by the process and dilactones.

Abstract: A process for reacting certain carboxylic reactants and at least one aldehyde or ketone with olefinic compounds then reacting the product prepared thereby with ammonia, a hydrazine or an amine, products prepared thereby and, additive concentrates, lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: Compositions comprising unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic compounds, a process for reacting olefinic compounds with carboxylic reagents and products prepared by the process. The compositions containing the hydroxycarboxylic compounds and the products of the process are useful as intermediates for preparing additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: A polyol ester is described which is derived from:(A) an aliphatic or alicyclic polyol; and(B) an aliphatic monocarboxylic mixture derived from a natural vegetable oil, said acid mixture comprising at least about 72% by weight of oleic acid.The invention also relates to compositions comprising the polyol esters and at least one antioxidant, and lubricating oil compositions comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and the polyol esters of the invention. Lubricating oil compositions comprising polyol esters of the invention, at least one antioxidant, and an oil of lubricating viscosity also are described and are particularly useful.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds useful as intermediates used for preparing lubricant and fuel additives. The intermediates include the products prepared by the process and dilactones.