Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of a normally liquid fuel and a minor amount of at least one compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein each Ar is independently an aromatic group having from 4 to about 30 carbon atoms and from 0 to 3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxy- or alkyl- polyoxyalkyl, nitro, aminoalkyl, carboxy or combinations of two or more of said optional substituents, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.1 is H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.4 is a monovalent terminating group, each m is independently 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to about 10, x ranges from 0 to about 8, and each Z is independently OH, lower alkoxy, (OR.sup.5).sub.b OR.sup.6 or O.sup.- wherein each R.sup.5 is independently a divalent hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.

Abstract: A lubricating composition is described which comprises a mixture of (A) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (B) a dispersant effective amount of at least one ashless dispersant, and (C) a minor, effective amount of at least one demulsifier characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or hydrocarbyl groups, and X is O or NR' wherein R' is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group.In one embodiment, the ashless dispersant is a carboxylic dispersant, and the demulsifier is a derivative of imidazoline. The lubricating compositions of the invention are characterized as having improved dispersancy, demulsibility, rust-inhibition and anti-wear properties.

Abstract: A metal overbased composition is disclosed that comprises(A) at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and(B) a metal base oxide (MO), hydroxide (MOH) or alkoxide (R.sup.4 OM) wherein the metal comprises an alkali or alkaline earth and R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein the equivalent ratio of (A):(B) is from 0.90-10:1 to form a sponified intermediate, adding 2-11 equivalents of (B) per equivalent of formed saponified intermediate and reacting excess (B) with(C) an acidic gas comprising carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide. This composition may also be gelled to produce a rheology control agent.

Abstract: A graft polymer is prepared by grafting, onto a polymeric substantially saturated hydrocarbon backbone, a free-radical polymerizable vinyl nitrogen monomer, which grafting takes place with improved efficiency in the presence of minor amounts of a volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted aromatic solvent capable of free-radical hydrogen atom chain transfer. The modified hydrocarbon based polymer finds utility as an additive for lubricating oils, particularly as dispersant-viscosity improvers for engine oils.

Abstract: A functional fluid is disclosed which comprises(A) at least one triglyceride;(B) at least one detergent-inhibitor additive; and(C) at least one viscosity modifying additive and further comprising (D) at least one synthetic oil.

Abstract: Improved additives/detergents for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: A multipurpose functional fluid is disclosed which is comprised of a major amount of a hydrocarbon oil and a minor amount, sufficient to improve characteristics of the fluid of a novel additive. The additive is comprised of a calcium salt complex, a group II metal dithiophosphate salt, a borated epoxide, a carboxylic solubilizer and a sulfurized composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to lubricants for two-cycle engines comprising a major amount of at least one oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one compound of the general formulaA.sup.y- M.sup.y+ (I)wherein M represents one or more metal ions, y is the total valence of all M and A represents one or more anion containing groups having a total of about y individual anionic moieties and each anion containing group is a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein T is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Additive concentrates and lubricant-fuel mixtures for two cycle engines are also disclosed as well as methods for operating two-cycle engines.

Abstract: Dioxolanes, thio analogs thereof, and derivatives of these and methods of preparation are described. These materials are useful as additives in lubricants and fuels. Methods for reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines employing the lubricating compositions are described.

Abstract: This invention describes highly reactive polymers obtained from lower monomers. The polymers are particularly useful in alkylation reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-cycle engine lubricant composition, comprising (A) at least one dispersant, (B) at least one reaction product of a fatty acid and a polyamine, and (C) at least about 25% by weight of the composition of at least one varnish dissolver selected from (a) keto-alcohols, (b) carboxylic esters having up to a total of 24 carbon atoms and (c) alkoxy alcohols, and (D) at least about 15% by weight of the composition of at least one fluidizing oil, and a method, comprising the steps of introducing into a two-cycle internal combustion engine a fuel-lubricant mixture comprising a major amount of a fuel and a minor amount sufficient to increase compression or release stuck piston rings, of the two-cycle engine lubricant composition.

Abstract: Nitrogen-free esters of a carboxy-containing interpolymer, wherein the interpolymer has an inherent viscosity ranging from about 0.05 to 1.5 are disclosed. The esters are useful as additives in functional fluids including transmission fluids (both automatic and manual), hydraulic fluids and gear fluids. The transmission, hydraulic and gear fluids containing the esters exhibit improved shear stability while maintaining desired high and low temperature viscosity characteristics.

Abstract: Improved grease compositions comprise a major amount of an oil based simple metal soap thickened base grease, an overbased metal salt of an organic acid, at least one sulfur and phosphorus containing composition and a hydrocarbyl phosphite, together in amounts sufficient to increase the dropping point of the base grease, as measured by ASTM Procedure D-2265 by at least 50.degree. C., the phosphorus and sulfur compound being described in detail herein.

Abstract: Improved grease compositions substantially free of boron and boron-containing compounds, comprise a major amount of an oil based simple metal soap thickened base grease and a minor amount of at least one sulfur and phosphorus containing composition sufficient to increase the dropping point of the base grease, as measured by ASTM Procedure D-2265 by at least 30.degree. C., the phosphorus and sulfur compound being described in detail herein.

Abstract: An injection system and method for blending an additive into a main fluid flow stream at a controlled ratio, characterized by a controller wherein the electrical circuitry thereof is contained in an explosion-proof housing having a window through which electromagnetic energy, such as an infrared command signal, can be transmitted. The circuitry contained within the explosion-proof housing includes a receiver for receiving the electromagnetic energy transmitted through the window and a processor or processors for decoding information included in the electromagnetic energy and for carrying out one or more functions based on such information. Also disclosed in an additive injection correction technique, a clean line technique and related and other features of the system and method.

Abstract: A process of preparing an overbased composition by the reaction of oil soluble organic acids with oxides or hydroxides of, e.g., zinc, copper, cadmium, transition metals, etc. to form a salt. Additional oxides or hydroxides are added along with boric acid and promoters. These overbased metal borates are useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: Boron-containing compositions are prepared by the reaction of boric acid with the condensation product (which may be formed in situ) of a hydroxyaromatic compound)preferably a phenol) with an aromatic or aliphatic aldehyde (preferably formaldehyde). These compositions are useful as lubricant additives to inhibit oxidation, improve extreme pressure properties and decrease fuel consumption. They are especially useful as oxidation inhibitors in gear and bearing lubricants containing substantial amounts of sulfur and phosphorus compounds.

Abstract: Polymers of pyrrole or copolymers of pyrrole are obtained having high surface area and low conductivity. Such polymers and copolymers are useful in forming catalysts.

Abstract: Improved additives/detergents for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: This invention describes various compositions obtained from thiodiglycol or thiodiglycol polymers. The compositions have unique antioxidant capability and are useful in a variety of functional fluids, hydraulic fluids, automatic transmission fluids and generally in oils of lubricating viscosity such as crankcase oils or greases.