Abstract: Copper and sulfur containing compositions, and additive concentrates and lubricating compositions containing the copper and sulfur containing compositions are described. The sulfur compounds have the formula:Y--R.sub.1 (S).sub.n --R.sub.2 Y.sup.1 (I)wherein one member of the group Y and Y.sup.1 is an electron withdrawing group and the other member is hydrocarbyl or an electron withdrawing group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different open chain aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbyl groups; and n is a number from 1 to about 8. The copper is present as an oil soluble or dispersible source of copper.

Abstract: A thermal oxidatively stable synthetic fluid composition is disclosed. The composition is essentially comprised of an aromatic carboxylic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic moiety, R is a neo hydrocarbyl group containing from about 5 to about 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R is not a cycloalkyl substituted neo hydrocarbyl group, R.sub.1 is a mono, di, tri or tetra functional hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, n is an integer from about 2 to about 4 and represents the total number of carboxylic acid ester groups on the aromatic moiety, a is an integer from about 1 to about 4, when a is 1 R.sub.1 is monovalent, when a is 2 R.sub.1 is divalent, when a is 3 R.sub.1 is trivalent and when a is 4 R.sub.1 is tetravalent, R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbyl group derived from a diol containing from about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 0 to about 4.

Abstract: Improved additives/detergents for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing esters of a carboxy-containing interpolymer, wherein the interpolymer has an inherent viscosity ranging from about 0.05 to 0.30 are disclosed. The esters are useful as additives in functional fluids including transmission fluids (both automatic and manual), hydraulic fluids and gear fluids. The transmission, hydraulic and gear fluids containing the esters exhibit improved shear stability while maintaining desired high and low temperature viscosity characteristics.

Abstract: This invention relates to lubricating compositions containing hydroxyalkane phosphonic acids and derivatives thereof. More specifically, this invention relates to hydroxylakane phosphonic acids which can be reacted to form salts with basic materials, including overbased detergents, dispersants and amines. These materials can be particularly useful in lubricating compositions.The hydroxyalkane phosphonic acid is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen, sulfur or a secondary amino group, n is an integer from 1 to 8, Y is hydrogen or a phosphonic acid group and R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 100 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A number of functional characteristics of a gear lubricant are improved by including within the lubricant an additive package comprised of (a) a treated zinc dithiophosphate and (b) an overbased carboxylate which is preferably borated. The additive preferably includes (c) an alkylamine, (d) a sulfurized olefin and (e) a polymeric foam inhibitor. The components of the package provide an interdependent synergistic improvement of numerous performance characteristics of the gear lubricant such as reducing copper strip corrosion, increasing thermal stability and reducing the amount of rust, and odor. The limited slip or anti-chatter performance of the oil is also improved.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel compositions comprising (A) certain sulfur compounds, and (B) at least one carboxylic detergent composition. The compositions of the invention are useful as additives in lubricants and functional fluids, fuels and aqueous systems. Lubricating, fuel and functional fluid compositions containing the derivatives of the invention exhibit improved antioxidant, anti-wear, thermal stability and/or extreme-pressure properties.The compositions of the invention comprise the combination of(A) at least one sulfur compound characterized by the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, G.sup.1 and G.sup.

Abstract: Lubricating compositions containing up to about 0.015% by weight of phosphorus. These compositions comprise oil, metal salts of phosphorus-containing acids having at least one secondary hydrocarbon substituent, a boron-containing acylated nitrogen-containing compound and optionally an acylated nitrogen-containing compound and/or a zinc salt of a carboxylic acid. The lubricating oil compositions are useful in various application including engine oils, power transmission fluids, including automatic transmission fluids, functional fluids and the like.

Abstract: Overbased salt compositions are formed by reacting a hydreocarbyl substituted sulfonic acid or salt thereof with a basic neutralizing agent, in the presence of a hydroxy sulfonic acid or salt thereof. The overbased salt composition is preferably overbased by casrbonating via CO.sub.2 bubbling. Mixed overbased salts and compositions containing the mixed salts are disclosed as well as lubricating compositions containing such salts. The lubricating compositions have particularly good clarity.

Abstract: Dioxolanes, thio analogs thereof, and derivatives of these and methods of preparation are described. These materials are useful as additives in lubricants and fuels. Methods for reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines employing the lubricating compositions are described.

Abstract: A process of preparing an overbased composition by the reaction of oil soluble organic acids with oxides or hydroxides of, e.g., zinc, copper, cadmium, transition metals, etc. to form a salt. Additional oxides or hydroxides are added along with boric acid and promoters. These overbased metal borates are useful in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: A multipurpose functional fluid is disclosed which is comprised of a major amount of a hydrocarbon oil and a minor amount, sufficient to improve characteristics of the fluid of a novel additive. The additive is comprised of a calcium salt complex, a group II metal dithiophosphate salt, a borated epoxide and a carboxylic solubilizer. The calcium salt is preferably in the form of an overbased calcium sulfonate salt, the antiwear agent is preferably in the form of a zinc dithiophosphate salt, the borated epoxide is preferably the reaction product of boric acid and a 16 carbon 1,2 epoxide and the carboxylic solubilizer is preferably in the form of a reaction product of an acylating agent containing a substituted hydrocarbyl-based substituent containing about 12 to 500 carbon atoms. Other components such as viscosity improvers and antifoaming agent are generally present in the fluid.

Abstract: Improved additives/dispersants for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: The present invention deals with compositions containing sulfur and oxygen which are useful in lubricants and automatic transmission fluids.

Abstract: Solutions or substantially stable dispersions of basic alkali metal sulfonates in an inert organic diluent are prepared by intimately contacting an acidic gaseous material such as carbon dioxide with a reaction mixture comprising a sulfonic acid, an alkali metal, an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. The products are useful as additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: This invention describes compositions containing nitrogen, sulfur and optionally oxygen which are useful as antioxidants for lubricants.

Abstract: Asphalt additive compositions are described which comprise (A) a metallic organic strength improving compound and (B) an anti-strip compound. The metal of said metallic organic compound is selected from the group consisting of manganese, cobalt, copper, vanadium, molybdenum, cerium, iron, nickel, lead, zirconium, barium, calcium and zinc. The preferred metal is manganese. The anti-strip compound is designed to reduce water-induced damage to asphalt paving mixtures.

Abstract: A short-term test procedure for comparing the engine sludge performance of different engine oils to a reference oil. The test procedure involves establishing a base line by operating one or more engines on the reference oil while maintaining a substantially constant volume of the reference oil in the engines without changing the oil until a Coordinating Research Council (CRC) sludge rating within a preferred range of 8.5 to 9.0 is achieved. In like manner, a series of engine tests are performed on one or more test oils using engines substantially identical to the reference oil engines for substantially the same number of miles as the average test miles of all of the reference oil engines under substantially the same test conditions as the reference oil engines while maintaining substantially the same volume of the test oil in the engines as the reference oil without changing the test oil in the engines throughout the tests.

Abstract: Succinimide derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of M, ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon-based group containing from about 8 up to about 35 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 25 carbon atoms; and M is a metal cation.

Abstract: A method of preparing an oil-soluble composition is disclosed. The method comprises preparing a dihydrocarbyl monothiophosphoric acid characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups of from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and X is oxygen or sulfur, with the proviso that one X is sulfur comprising reacting(A) a phosphite ester of the structure ##STR2## with (B) a sulfur source, in the presence of(C) a catalytic amount of an amide of the structure R.sub.3 CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5 wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or an ethoxylated amide of the structure ##STR3## wherein the sum of x and y is from 1 to about 50; and isolating the reaction product obtained.