Abstract: A method for reducing the carbonyl value of a composition containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative includes contacting the composition containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative with an amount of a catalyst and active methylene compound effective to lower the carboxyl value of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates firstly to a discontinuous process for conducting a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction taking place at elevated temperature, in which heat-sensitive products are formed, a heat transfer unit (4) different from the reactor (1) being used for heating and a fixed-bed catalyst (3) being used as the catalyst and the reaction mixture being continuously circulated in succession through the catalyst (3) and then through the heat transfer unit (4). The problem to be solved in this process is to avoid losses of catalyst and product and to shorten the batch time and, optionally, the reaction time in accordance with German patent applications P 38 13 612.0 and P 38 26 320.3.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are recovered from a fermentation broth by adjusting the pH of a fermentation broth comprised of a carboxylic acid to at least about 6.0 and then heating the pH-adjusted broth to a temperature sufficient to effect the formation of three immiscible phases, one of which is an oily phase rich in the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Sulfur and soap contaminants are removed from carboxylic acid esters by a process comprising the steps of: (1) contacting a carboxylic acid ester with an aqueous base at a temperature of from about 225° F. to about 280° F. while removing water to form a dry, crude ester; (2) contacting the dry, crude ester with an absorbent selected from the group consisting of silica gel, hydro-silica gel and mixtures thereof; (3) separating the absorbent from the ester.

Abstract: In an acid leach copper extraction circuit for leaching copper values from copper ores using a water-immiscible organic solvent solution containing a copper extractant and an acid strip solution, the improvement wherein the stripped organic solvent solution is contacted with copper-free fresh aqueous acid to remove additional copper values therefrom, and then the resulting super stripped organic and the copper-containing aqueous acid are sent to the copper extraction circuit.

Abstract: A radiation-polymerizable composition contains at least one radiation curable acrylate resin oligomer prepared by reacting an alkoxylated polyol with a first acid component which includes an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid; and a rheology modifier prepared by reacting a diepoxide with a second acid component which includes an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or reactive derivative thereof in the presence of a polyamide based on a polymerized fatty acid. The ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids of the first and second acid components are preferably acrylic acid or methacrylic acids. The diepoxide is preferably a diglycidyl ether such as bisphenol A. Colorants such as pigments or dyes optionally may be incorporated into the composition to form a printing ink which is curable by ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam radiation.

Abstract: Highly foaming detergent mixtures comprising: (a) at least one fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfate of the general formula (I): R1COO(AO)xSO3X  (I) wherein R1CO represents an acyl group and R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, saturated and unsaturated chains having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 3, each AO independently represents a CH2CH2O, CH2CH(CH3)O or CH(CH3)CH2O group, and X is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, an alkylammonium, an alkanolammonium or a glucammonium; and (b) at least one additional surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionics, nonionics, cationics, amphoterics and zwitterionics are disclosed. The disclosed detergent mixtures exhibit advantageous foaming performance and a high level of foam stability even in the presence of hard water and/or oil.

Abstract: A concentrated aqueous pearlescent composition containing: (a) from 1 to 99.9% by weight of an ester formed by reacting a hydroxy-functionalized carboxylic acid with a fatty alcohol containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms; (b) from 0.1 to 90% by weight of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an ampholytic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, an esterquat, and mixtures thereof; and (c) up to 40% by weight of a polyol, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A method of producing fatty acid polyglycol ester sulfates of the general formula (I): R1COO(AO)nSO3M  (I) is disclosed, wherein R1CO represents a linear or branched, aliphatic, saturated and/or unsaturated acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, AO represents CH2CH2O, CHCH3CH2O and/or CH2CHCH3, n represents a number from about 0.5 to about 5 and M represents a cation. The disclosed process comprises the sulfation of fatty acid polyglycol esters followed by neutralization, wherein the neutralization is carried out at a pH of from about 5 to about 9.

Abstract: Alternative equilibrium modifiers for use with aldoxime extractants, such as hydroxyl aryl aldoxime extractants, employed in the process for extraction of metal values, particularly copper values, in the extraction from aqueous solutions, in which the extractant and modifiers are employed in an organic solvent phase, the solvent being a water insoluble, water immiscible hydrocarbon solvent, such as a kerosene.

Abstract: A composition comprising the reaction product of: a) a polycarboxylic member selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylic acids comprised of a diacid having more than about 12 carbon atoms and reactive derivatives thereof (e.g. alkyl esters thereof wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms), b) an ethylenically unsaturated member selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxylic acids and reactive derivatives thereof, (e.g. alkyl esters thereof wherein the alkyl group thereof has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and c) an ethoxylated alkanetriol having an average degree of ethoxylation per hydroxyl of less than about 2 and comprised predominantly of ethoxylated alkanetriol species having one ethoxylate group per hydroxyl. This composition is useful as a polymerizable component, particularly for UV curable coatings and inks.

Abstract: A process for granulating a polyamide resin involving: (a) providing an underwater granulating device having a heated multiple-bore die wherein the bores have an internal diameter ranging from 1.2 to 2.5 mm and a length of from 12 to 50 mm; (b) providing a polyamide resin melt having a viscosity, at 160° C., of less than 3,000 mPas; (c) cooling the polyamide resin melt to form a cooled polyamide resin; (d) introducing the cooled polyamide resin into and through the heated multiple-bore die to form an extrudate; (e) providing a source of water; (f) contacting the extrudate with the water to form a cooled extrudate; and (g) cutting the cooled extrudate into granules.

Abstract: A mixture of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids are hydrogenated with an effective amount of a hydrogenation catalyst and in the presence of an effective amount of an adsorbent to produce a hydrogenated product having less than about 200 ppm of oxygenated by-products and an iodine value of less than 10.

Abstract: A pearlescent concentrate containing: (a) from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a fatty compound selected from the group consisting of a fatty alcohol, a fatty ketone, a fatty ether, a fatty carbonate, and mixtures thereof, wherein the fatty compound contains at least 18 carbon atoms; (b) from 0.1 to 90% by weight of an emulsifier component selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an ampholytic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, and mixtures thereof; and (c) up to 40% by weight of a polyol, all weights being based on the total weight of the concentrate.

Abstract: The proposal is for unsaturated fatty substances with improved cold behavior obtained by (a) transesterifying a new low stearic (LS) sunflower oil with an oleic acid content of over 85 wt. % and a stearic acid content of under 3 wt. %, and (b) hydrogenating the resultant methyl esters in the prior art manner into the corresponding unsaturated fatty alcohols in the iodine number range from 90 to 100. The fatty substances are also distinguished by improved color and odor and are suitable for making fatty chemical products, e.g. alkoxylates, ether sulphates, sulphates and esters.

Abstract: A substantially water-free, water-washable, energy-curable composition includes an epoxy oligomer and/or urethane oligomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated moieties, at least one alkoxylated polyol monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated moieties and capable of being copolymerized with the oligomer, and a sugar surfactant capable of rendering the uncured composition dispersible in water. Optionally, the composition can contain a photoinitiator. The composition is self-dispersible in water and is especially suitable for use as a coating material for a printing screen.

Abstract: A method for formulating an aqueous dispersion of a polymer includes dissolving a polymer such as an acrylic polyol in a solvent to form a polymer solution. A surfactant is added to the polymer solution, and water is then added with mixing sufficient to dispersed the polymer in the water. The resulting aqueous dispersion can be mixed with a water dispersible polyisocyanate to produce coating materials which can be cured to form tough films and coatings.

Abstract: A terpene-free hard surface cleaning composition containing: (a) a nonionic surfactant; (b) an anionic surfactant; (c) a primary solvent consisting of a C6-C14 methyl ester; (d) a short-chain cosurfactant; and (e) water, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: An emulsifier mixture for use in the production of phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsions is provided. The emulsifier mixture comprises fatty acid ethoxylates and partial glycerides which enable PIT emulsions to be produced at a given phase inversion temperature irrespective of the polarity of the oils, allowing for the emulsifying of a broad range of oils irrespective of their character, under the same conditions.

Abstract: A high quality lubricant for hermetically sealed domestic air conditioner and refrigerator compressors, especially those using chlorine free hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant working fluids, is provided by mixed esters of hindered polyols, most desirably pentaerythritol, with a mixture of carboxylic acids including at least some isopentanoic acid along with either or both of iso-nonanoic acid and dibasic acids such as adipic.