Abstract: Aromatic compound-free solvent for printing inks, consisting of a solvent mixture characterised in that is contains (a) 80-99% by weight aromatic compound-free mineral oil; (b) 1 to 20% by weight of an ester of a C8-C2 fatty acid with up to 60 C atoms in total; and/or (c) 1 to 20% by weight of a fatty alcohol with 6 to 36 C atoms. Also disclosed are printing inks that contain binders, pigments, aromatic compound-free solvents and optional additives.

Abstract: A process for making synthetic fibers or nonwoven substrates hydrophilic made from the synthetic fibers comprising applying an effective amount of a finish composition onto the fibers or nonwoven substrates, the finish composition containing: (a) from 50 to 95% by weight of a hydrophobicizing agent selected from the group consisting of at least one quaternary ester amine salt corresponding to formula I: wherein R1 is an aliphatic alkyl group containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, R2 is either (CH2)n—O—COR1 or an alkyl group containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, R3 and R4, independently of one another, represent (CH2)n—R5, where R5 is H or OH and n is a number from 1 to 3, and X is either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion, a quaternary ester amine salt corresponding to formula II: wherein COR6 is an aliphatic acyl group containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R7 is H or OH, n has a value of 1, 2 or 3 and X

Abstract: A process for extracting and recovering copper from an aqueous solution containing copper values comprising: (a) contacting the aqueous copper bearing solution with an organic phase comprising a water insoluble and water immiscible solvent solution of an extraction reagent formulation to extract at least a portion of the copper values into the organic phase; (b) separating the resultant copper pregnant organic phase from the copper baren aqueous phase; and (c) recovering the copper values from the copper pregnant organic phase; wherein the extraction reagent formulation comprise an (i) oxime extractant and (ii) an equilibrium modifier in which the modifier is a linear diester or polyester of an unbranched dicarboxylic acid and an unbranched alcohol.

Abstract: A water-free surfactant composition is presented having (a) a fatty alcohol sulfate corresponding to the formula R1O—SO3X where R1 is a linear alkyl chain containing 16 or 18 carbon atoms and X is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium and (b) an alcohol sulfate corresponding to the formula R2O—SO3X where R2 is an alkyl chain containing 12 to 15 carbon atoms consisting of a minimum 20 percent by weight branched alkyl chains and a maximum 80 percent by weight unbranched alkyl chains, and X is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium. The surfactant composition has a reduced potential for irritation and good flowability and solubility in cold water. The surfactant composition is useful in laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents and other cleaners.

Abstract: Aqueous cleaning compositions having high foaming power and minimal effect on the skin which comprise (A) from about 1 to about 50% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants having 1 or 2 lipophilic groups each of which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and a polar group selected from the group consisting of a carboxylate, a sulfate, and a sulfonate group; (B) from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of one or more alkyl glycosides of the formula R(G)x wherein R is a linear, saturate C8-22 alkyl group, (G) is a glycoside or oligoglycoside moiety, and x is a number from 1 to 4; (C) from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of an anionic polymer; (D) from about 35 to about 98.4% by weight of water; wherein the sum total of components (B) and (C) is no greater man the amount of component (A).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for facilitating the disposal of flowable and pumpable working fluids based on emulsifiers containing W/O invert emulsions--more particularly corresponding auxiliaries of the type used in geological exploration, such as oil-based w/o invert drilling muds--and for the simplified cleaning of solid surfaces soiled therewith, if desired using flowable spraying aids, the process being characterized in that, by selecting and adapting the emulsifiers/emulsifier systems to the oil phase of the invert emulsion, temperature-controlled phase inversion is achieved at temperatures below the in-use temperatures of the w/o invert emulsions, but above the freezing point of the aqueous phase and in that disposal and cleaning are carried out at temperatures in and/or below the phase inversion temperature range.

Abstract: A process for the production of cationic layer compounds wherein layer compounds corresponding to general formula (I):--[E.sub.e Z.sub.z D.sub.d V.sub.v (OH.sup.-).sub.x ](A.sup.n-).sub.a.qH.sub.2 O-- (I)in whichE is a monovalent cation from the group consisting of alkali metals,e is a number of 0 to 2,Z is a divalent metal cation,z is a number of 0 to 6,D is a trivalent metal cation,d is a number of 0 to 3,V is a tetravalent metal cation,v is a number of 0 to 1,(A.sup.n-) is an acid anion having the charge n- where n is an integer of 1 to 3,q is a number of 1 to 10,with the proviso that x>a and e+2z+3d+4v=x+na, are subjected to alkali-induced ripening in aqueous medium wherein the alkali metal hydroxide content of said aqueous medium is adjusted to a value in the 1- to 6-molar range, the crystallization temperature is adjusted to a value in the range from 60.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., and the crystallization time is adjusted to a value in the range from 2.5 to 50 hours.

Abstract: A water-free surfactant composition containing: (a) a fatty alcohol sulfate corresponding to the formula R.sup.1 O--SO.sub.3 X, where R.sup.1 is a linear alkyl chain, and X is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium; and (b) an alkyl benzenesulfonate corresponding to the formula R.sup.2 --Ph--SO.sub.3 X where R.sup.2 is an alkyl chain containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms, Ph is a phenyl group and X is alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium. The fatty alcohol sulfate and alkyl benzenesulfonate are present in the surfactant composition in a weight ratio of 50:50 to 90:10. The water-free surfactant composition provides a reduced potential for irritation, good flow behavior and solubility in cold water. The surfactant composition is useful in laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: An electronic production system and method are capable of handling dynamic process production data. The electronic production system includes a memory; an input/output interface for receiving production data from a plurality of sensors detecting operation of a plurality of processes of a facility; and a processor. The processor includes a plurality of dynamically operating software modules, each responsive to the production data of a respective process for storing and dynamically updating the production data in the memory; an event log generator, responsive to the production data stored in the memory, for generating event logs and for transmitting the event logs to a management system connected to the input/output interface; and a graphic user interface, responsive to the dynamically operating software modules updating the production data, for displaying the production data graphically and dynamically as the production data changes.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising: (a) an alkali component selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof; and (b) a dye transfer inhibition additive selected from the group consisting of: (i) a sugar surfactant selected from the group consisting of an alkyl polyglycoside having general formula (I)R.sub.1 O(Z).sub.a Iwherein R.sub.1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6, an alkyl glucose ester, an aldobionamide, a gluconamide, a glyceramide, a glyceroglycolipid, a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and mixtures thereof; (ii) an alkyl sulfate; (iii) an aminocarboxylic acid amphoteric surfactant; and (iv) mixtures of (i), (ii), and (iii).

Abstract: A substantially water-free, water-washable, energy-curable composition includes an epoxy oligomer and/or urethane oligomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated moieties, at least one alkoxylated polyol monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated moieties and capable of being copolymerized with the oligomer, and a surface active agent capable of being integrated into the molecular structure of the cured polymer and further capable of rendering the uncured composition dispersible in water. Optionally, the composition can contain a photoinitiator. The composition is self-dispersible in water and is especially suitable for use as a coating material for a printing screen.

Abstract: An adjuvant containing: (a) a fatty alcohol polyalkoxy alkyl ether; and (b) a component selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, alkyl esters, phytobland mineral oils, water soluble silicone surfactants, fatty acid dialkyl ethers, fatty acid dialkyl carbonates, vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Process for removing manganese values from a solution of a water-immiscible hydrocarbon containing manganese values and a water-insoluble oxime extractant capable of extracting nickel values from aqueous ammoniacal solutions comprising the steps ofI) contacting the water-immiscible hydrocarbon solution with a finely divided active metal and an aqueous solution of a strong acid to decrease or complete remove the manganese values from said water-immiscible hydrocarbon solution; andII) separating the stripped hydrocarbon solution from the aqueous solution.The invention also relates to a method for the extraction of nickel from nickel-containing ores in which a content of manganese values is present in which the above process is used.

Abstract: A two-step process for producing a difunctional organic compound is provided which comprises:a) reacting a cycloalkanone with a 2-substituted-1-alkene in the presence of an enamine catalyst to produce the corresponding substituted cycloalkanone intermediate and,b) subjecting the intermediate reaction product to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a solvent to form the difunctional organic compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R4 is derived from the solvent and is hydroxyl, --NH.sub.2 or OR.sup.5, andwherein R, R1, R2, R4, R.sup.5, and x are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A process for controlling foam in a water-based electrophoretic coating bath for coating an electrically conductive substrate wherein the bath contains at least one cathodically depositable synthetic resin by adding to the bath a polyalkylene oxide compound whose oxyalkyl groups contain 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the terminal OH groups are esterified with a carboxylic acid or etherified with an allyl or methyl aryl group and has a solubility of more than 50 parts by weight in 100 parts by weight of water at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A free-flowing pearlescer concentrate is presented which is composed of: (a) 5 to 50% by weight of a pearlescing component which is (1) a compound of formula R.sup.3 --(OC.sub.n H.sub.2n).sub.x --OR.sup.4 where R.sup.3 is a fatty acyl group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or linear fatty acyl group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, n is 2 or 3, and x is 1; (2) a compound of formula R.sub.5 --CO--NH--X, where R.sup.5 is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and X is selected from the group --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH, and --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --OH; and a linear saturated fatty acid having 12 to 14 carbon atoms; (b) 5 to 55% by weight of a fatty acid-N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkylamide nonionic emulsifier of the formula ##STR1## as the sole emulsifier, where R.sup.1 --CO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are recovered from a fermentation broth by adjusting the pH of a fermentation broth comprised of a carboxylic acid to at least about 6.0 and then heating the pH-adjusted broth to a temperature sufficient to effect the formation of three immiscible phases, one of which is an oily phase rich in the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for the production of anionic surfactant granules comprising the steps of:A) Neutralizing an acidic anionic surfactant with a base in a horizontal thin-layer evaporator or thin-layer dryer; andB) Drying the resulting neutralized anionic surfactant in the evaporator or dryer to form surfactant granules; wherein the acidic anionic surfactant and the base taken together have a solids content such that the total quantity of water in the evaporator or dryer at no time exceeds about 15 % by weight and wherein the neutralization and drying are carried out in countercurrent flow with air or an alkaline gas stream at a temperature in the range of from about 120 to about 130.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a stabilizer combination for polyvinylchloride-based moulding compounds. The stabilizer combination contains (a) at least one solid inorganic component in amounts ranging from 0.3 to 3 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of polyvinylchloride, selected from sodium aluminosilicates, hydrotalcites and calcium-aluminium-hydroxy-phosphites, and (b) at least one solid or liquid zinc salt in amounts corresponding to a zinc to component (a) ratio of from 0.02 to 0.25 to 1, selected from zinc salts of monocarboxylic acids, substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid and dicarboxylic acids. This stabilizer combination is used in the production of half-hard and soft polyvinylchloride foils by the calendering process in order to prevent a build-up of coating on the rollers used in this process.

Abstract: A process for producing a nutrient supplement powder is provided. The process forms a powder into a plastic mass which is not completely molten. The plastic mass is then formed into an elongated shape and allowed to cool to set to a solid state. The solid is then comminuted to obtain a powder having a desirable particle size, e.g. not more than 5% by weight through a 120-mesh sieve and not more than 5% by weight retained on a 14-mesh sieve.