Abstract: Epoxides are isomerized to ketones by contacting the epoxides with a catalyst effective amount of a substantially fully hydrogenated palladium catalyst at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. while contacting the epoxides with hydrogen at a partial pressure of equal to or less than one atmosphere.

Abstract: Imidazoles are alkylated at the 1-position by adding an alkyl halide a mixture comprising an imidazole, a non-reactive aromatic solvent and a base at temperature of from about 75.degree. C. to about 115.degree. C. and then maintaining the temperature for a period of time sufficient to produce the 1-alkylimidazole and then separating any inorganic material from the product.

Abstract: Copolymers of long-chain alkyl acrylates or methacrylates of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 --CO--OR.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and OR.sup.2 is a fatty alcohol radical with 16 to 34 carbon atoms and nitrogen-containing olefins can be used as flow improvers for crude oils.

Abstract: Vicinal substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.24 carboxylic acid derivatives and their silane and siloxane derivatives as well as polymers and copolymers of silane and siloxane derivatives are disclosed. The compounds are useful as coupling agents, emulsifiers and demulsifiers, textile processing aids, and cosmetic additives.

Abstract: A convenient process for the preparation of .gamma.-alkyl-substituted-.gamma.-butyrolactones and .delta.-valerolactones is provided. The process involves forming the .alpha.-alkylidene lactone by reacting essentially equimolar amounts of an .alpha.-acyl lactone, an aldehyde, and an alkali metal hydroxide in an inert diluent at an elevated temperature while removing water and hydrogenating the .alpha.-alkylidene lactone to obtain the corresponding .alpha.-alkyl lactone.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing an oligomer of at least one polyunsaturated aliphatic C.sub.12-22 monocarboxylic acid ester in the presence of boron trifluoride resulting in a high yield or predominantly trimeric product which, upon hydrolysis, affords a high yield of polybasic, predominantly trimeric, acids. This invention further provides such a process with excellent recovery of the boron trifluoride.

Abstract: Short-chain polyethlene glycol ethers corresponding to the formula:R.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.2wherein:R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl radical,R.sup.2 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical, andN is an integer of from 2 to 6,are used as foam-inhibiting additives for low-foam cleaning compositions.

Abstract: A flotation process for the de-inking of printed waste-paper by treating the paper pulp in the pulper at alkaline pH-values by means of alkali silicate, oxidative bleaches and separating the loosened printing-ink particles from the fibrous material suspension by flotation, in which protein fatty acid condensates are added finely distributed, possibly together with dispersing agents, in a solution or dispersion which is fluid at normal temperature.

Abstract: Polyfunctional hexasubstituted benzene derivatives wherein at least three of the substituents are saturated carbon chains having from 1 to 21 carbon atoms and functional groups containing hetero functionalities at the ends of the carbon chains and the remainder of the 6 substituents are either saturated carbon chains containing from 1 to 21 carbon atoms or saturated carbon chains containing from 1 to 21 carbon atoms having a functional group including a hetero functional group containing N, O, S, P, or Si at the end of the chains. These derivatives are made by reacting a disubstituted alkyne wherein one or both of the substituents are saturated carbon chains having 1 to 21 carbon atoms to which hetero functional groups are attached with a palladium catalyst and isolating the resulting hexasubstituted benzene derivative.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y are different and are OH or SO.sub.3 M wherein M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, NR.sub.4 wherein R is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxy alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a and c are integers having a value of from 0 to 18; b is an integer having a value of from 0 to 2 such that the sum of a+b+c is from 12 to 18; Z is an oxyethylene, oxypropylene, or oxybutylene group; n is an integer having a value of from 0 to 30 reduce the viscosity of highly concentrated, aqueous pastes of alkali metal salts of .alpha.-sulfonated fatty acid alkyl esters by as much as 90% of their original value.

Abstract: Terminally blocked polyethoxylated fatty alcohols of the formula:R--O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.1 (I)wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 6 to 28 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is an integer having a value of from 2 to 12 are used as anti-foaming additives in the manufacture and/or processing of food stuffs as well as in fermentation processes.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrogenation of liquid fatty acid triglycerides and the simultaneous recovery of fatty alcohols and C.sub.3 diols in the presence of gaseous hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysts under pressures of from 50 to 300 bar and at temperatures in the range from 160.degree. to 250.degree. C., to produce fatty alcohols in at least 99% of the theoretical yield and of 1,2-propanediol in at least 80% of the theoretical yield and a maximum paraffin content of 0.5% of the theoretical yield is disclosed. The hydrogenation reaction is carried out in a tube bundle reactor operated under isothermal conditions through a cooling or heating fluid, the liquid phase being passed as co-current trickle phase with the gaseous phase over catalyst packings in the individual reactor tubes without back-mixing, and in that the load per unit volume of the reactor is selected between 0.2 and 2.5 l starting material per 1 reactor volume per hour and the load per unit area of each individual reactor tube between 1.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyamide resins with improved low-temperature flexibility and improved bonding properties consisting essentially of polycondensates of the following components:(a) 10 to 50 mol-% of a dimer fatty acid or mixture of such acids,(b) 5 to 45 mol-% of polyoxyalkylene urea diamine,(c) 0 to 25 mol-% of an aliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dicarboxylic acid or mixture of such acids,(d) 0 to 45 mol-% of an aliphatic, aromatic or cyclic C.sub.2 -C.sub.40 diamine or a mixture of such diamines selected from the group comprising diprimary diamines, diamines containing secondary amino groups and alkyl substituents with no more than 8 carbon atoms at the nitrogen atom, and heterocyclic diamines capable of double amide formation.Preferred resins are base-terminated resins having amine values of up to 50 and acid-terminated resins having acid values of up to 20 and a molecular weight within the range from 5000 to 20,000 and preferably from 8000 to 15,000.

Abstract: A process for working up aqueous, electrolyte-containing suspensions of highly swellable layer silicates by which highly swellable layer silicates are isolated substantially free from electrolyte from an aqueous electrolyte-containing suspension in a reasonable time by multi-stage membrane filtration wherein the second and every following membrane stage, the concentrate is diluted, for example with fully deionized water, to maintain pumpability.

Abstract: In the production of monoalkylphosphoric acid esters, at least one fatty alcohol or mixtures of fatty alcohols containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms in a straight chain is/are reacted with a 0.2 to 2 molar excess of polyphosphoric acid at a temperature of 60.degree. to 130.degree. C.; following an after-reaction time of 120 to 300 minutes at a temperature of 95.degree. to 105.degree. C., the product of this reaction is slowly hydrolyzed at 90.degree. to 100.degree. C. with 0.5 to 1.0 mole water, based on the quantity of phosphorus atoms in the reaction mixture, the hydrolysis product is neutralized to a level of from 40 to 65% and preferably to a level of from 50 to 60%, based onthe acid number, with dilute alkali metal hydroxide, and the two phases formed are separated from one another after a residence time of 30 to 180 minutes at a temperature in the range of from 50.degree. to 95.degree. C.