Abstract: Glycoside products having a propensity to discolor and/or to exhibit haze under aqueous alkaline or neutral pH conditions can be stabilized to substantially reduce the extent of discoloration and to essentially eliminate any haze which might also be present by adjusting the pH of a hydrogen peroxide-free aqueous solution of the alkyl glycoside product to about 7 prior to treatment with a metal borohydride material which at the end of the reaction period is consumed resulting in a stabilized alkyl polyglycoside product which does not exhibit a haze in an aqueous solution at a pH of about 7.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid is made by contacting an organic compound having at least one olefinic bond with ozone to form a mixture of ozonization products; contacting the mixture of ozonization products with oxygen to form a mixture of oxidation products; contacting the mixture of oxidation products with oxygen in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a manganese-exchanged X-zeolite, a manganese-exchanged Y-zeolite, a manganese-exchanged A-zeolite, or a combination thereof to form said carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated adducts of propylene on polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18 to 22 carbon atoms or on esters of these fatty acids with C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 alkanols in molar ratios of propylene to fatty acids or fatty acid esters in the range from 1:1 to 2:1, obtainable by reacting the fatty acids or fatty acid esters with propylene at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of compounds of the transition metals Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt as catalysts to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct.

Abstract: Saturated, branched C.sub.21-28 fatty acids or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols produced by the process comprising: (a) reacting unsaturated fatty acids containing 18 to 22 carbon atoms and more than one olefinic bond or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols with propylene at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. and at a pressure of from about 5 to about 40 bar in the presence of transition metal compounds selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, or Pt wherein the molar ratio of propylene to fatty acid or fatty acid ester is from about 1:1 to about 2:1 to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct and, (2) hydrogenating said adduct in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of from about 70.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Unsaturated fatty alcohols with 6 to 22 C atoms can be produced by directly hydrating deacidified and/or non-deacidified glyceride oils containing monounsaturated and/or polyunsaturated, straight chain and/or branched-chain fatty acids having 6 to 22 C atoms in the fatty acid residue, by applying a 30 to 100-fold excess of hydrogen in a pressure range from 50 to 300 bars, at temperatures from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C., to zinc-chrome-catalysts of the spinel type, while largely preserving the olefinic double bonds and with formation of propane and 1,2-propylene glycol.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of converting aqueous surfactant mixtures, in particular aqueous pastes of surfactants with washing properties such as fatty-alcohol sulphates, in particular tallow alcohol sulphates and/or C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 fatty-alcohol sulphates, monosalts of sulphonic fatty-acid methyl esters and their di-salts, alkylglusoside compounds, etc., into concentrated granular material with a long shelf life by granulation. The aqueous surfactant mixture, which includes as a viscosity-control agent alkoxylates of mono- and/or polyhydric alcohols with 8-40 carbon atoms which have up to 20 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide groups, is granulated together with fine-particulate water-soluble and/or water-insoluble solids compatible with washing and/or cleaning agents to give a free-running compound. At least part of the water content of the granular material thus produced is preferably then removed by drying, in particular in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: In the production of highly concentrated pastes of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salts by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase and neutralization with aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions, the sulfonation product and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution are introduced during neutralization into an aqueous phase initially containing 0 to 55% by weight washing-active substance at a pH value in the range from 2 to 8 and washing-active substance contents of 60 to 70% by weight are established.

Abstract: Light-colored ester sulfonates can be obtained by sulfonation of fatty acid lower alkyl esters and subsequent working up providing fatty acid esters having a low content of oxo compounds and unsaturated compounds are used in the sulfonation stage.

Abstract: In the production of light-colored pastes of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salts by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase, neutralization with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions and bleaching, effective bleaching can be obtained without any reduction in the washing-active substance content by addition of the hydrogen peroxide during neutralization of the .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester and subjecting the neutralization product obtained to a temperature-controlled after-reaction.

Abstract: Mixtures containinga) 58 to 95% by weight of at least one ester with an iodine value of 50 to 150 derived from fatty acids containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and lower aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms,b) 4 to 40% by weight of at least one ester of fatty acids containing 6 to 14 carbon atoms and lower aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms andc) 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one polymeric ester, are distinguished by particular low-temperature stability and can be used as a fuel for diesel engines.

Abstract: In the production of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salt pastes by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase and neutralization with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions, the crude sulfonation product is fed to an at least two-stage cascade of stirred tanks equipped with heating and cooling systems in which it is subjected with mechanical agitation to a temperature-controlled after-reaction until a degree of sulfonation of at least 90% is reached, after which the aged sulfonation product is further processed in known manner to .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salt pastes.

Abstract: In the production of highly concentrated pastes of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salts by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase and neutralization with aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions, the sulfonation product and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution are introduced during neutralization into an aqueous phase initially containing at least 55% by weight washing-active substance at a pH value in the range from 2 to 8 and washing-active substance contents of 60 to 70% by weight are established.

Abstract: C.sub.8-22 fatty alcohols are produced by a process which comprises contacting a triglyceride with hydrogen in the presence of a copper-zinc catalyst and in a reaction zone. The hydrogen pressure in the reaction zone is from about 200 to about 280 bar, the temperature of the entrance of the reaction zone is from about 200.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C., and the temperature of the exit of the reaction zone is from about 190.degree. C. to about 220.degree. C. The amount of 1,2-propanediol formed is optimized by the lower temperature of the exit portion of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Liquid nonionic surfactant combination having improved low temperature stability which comprises:(a) from about 20% to about 50% by weight of an alcohol ethoxylate derived from primary linear C.sub.12-15 alcohols having an average degree of ethoxylation equal to from about 2 to about 7;(b) from about 20% to about 50% by weight of an alcohol alkoxylate derived from primary saturated alcohols containing 12 to 15 carbon atoms in which the alcohol radical can be linear, methyl-branched in the 2-position, or a mixture of said linear and said methyl-branched radicals, having an average degree of ethoxylation equal to from about 3 to about 7 and an average degree of propoxylation equal to from about 2 to about 8;(c) from about 5% to about 50% by weight of an alcohol ethoxylate derived from oxoalcohol mixtures of primary, linear, and 2-methyl-branched C.sub.12-15 alcohols having an average degree of ethoxylation equal to from about 2 to about 8.

Abstract: Bathroom fittings and other hard surfaces are cleaned with a foam containing an alkyl polyglycoside as the principal surfactant. An effective amount of the foam is applied to a surface and removed by wiping with a cloth, sponge, or paper towel or by rinsing with water. Any residual foam remaining on the surface is not detectable by the naked eye because the residual material is transparent.

Abstract: Mono-unsaturated fatty acids or their derivates are produced by hydrogenating poly-unaturated fatty acids or their derivates at 0.degree. to 150.degree. C., in a pressure range from 800 to 1500 hPa, with hydrogen and in the presence of a catalyst system that contains: a) a palladium salt and b) a carbonic acid ester, as well as, if necessary, c) a base for neutralizing the acids formed during the reduction of the palladium salt, d) water and/or a water-immiscible, inert solvent.

Abstract: A proteolytic enzyme for use in detergent formulations having increased pH and oxidative stability under typical laundering conditions in aqueous solutions is produced by fermenting Bacillus licheniformis host strain transformed by a multicopy plasmid comprised of DNA sequences which code for the desired proteolytic enzyme.

Abstract: A composition for improving the wet strength of cellulosic fibrous webs is comprised of an aminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin acid salt resin having an E/N ratio of from about 0.6 to about 2.0 and from about 1% to about 35% of a water soluble cationic polymer based on the weight of the resin. The composition has a total organic chlorine content of from about 0.5% to 1.0% by weight based on the weight of the aminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin acid salt resin.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing fluid imidazolinium tensides by reaction of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-alkylimidazolines with neutralized quaternary agents and hydrolysis of the quaternary products thus obtained with aqueous bases. The 1-hydroxyethyl -2-alkylimidazolines are added at a high temperature to an aqueous solution of the neutralized quaternary agents at a molar proportion between imidazoline derivates and the quaternary agents from 1:1.5 to 1:3. The reaction mixture thus obtained is maintained at a temperature in a range of 70.degree. to 85.degree. C. for 30 to 120 minutes, 0.85 to 1.0 mol alkali metal hydroxides, referred to the amount of quaternary agents added during step (a), are added thereto within the 30 to 120 minutes at a temperature in the range of 75.degree. to 85.degree. C., and the reaction mixture thus obtained is maintained at a temperature in the range of 75.degree. to 90.degree. C. for 140 to 220 minutes.

Abstract: Mutant B. lentus DSM 5483 proteases are derived by the replacement of at least one amino acid residue of the mature form of the B. lentus DSM 5483 alkaline protease. The mutant proteases are expressed by genes which are mutated by site-specific mutagenesis. The amino acid sites selected for replacement are identified by means of a computer based method which compares the three dimensional structure of the wild-type protease and a reference protease.