Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, employing one or a series of reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the rearward most reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the forward most reforming zone is constituted of platinum, or platinum and a relatively low concentration of a promoter metal, especially rhenium. In the rearward reaction zones, at least 40 percent, and preferably from 40 percent to about 90 percent, based on the total weight of catalyst in the reactor, or reactors of the unit, is constituted of a rhenium promoted platinum catalyst, the weight ratio of rhenium:platinum of which at least about 1.5:1, and preferably 2:1, or greater. The beds of catalyst are contacted at start-of-run temperatures ranging from about 875.degree. F. to about 935.degree. F.

Abstract: A catalyst regeneration process wherein a platinum-iridium catalyst promoted with one or more of copper, sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid, or selenium components, preferably a platinum-iridium-selenium catalyst, is contacted with naphtha and the naphtha reformed at fluidized bed or magnetically stabilized fluidized bed severities for a period of at least 0.25 hours or at cyclic severities for a period of at least about 60 hours, or at semi-regenerative severities for a period of at least about 600 hours, and the catalyst then regenerated by contact with hydrogen.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, or reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the leading reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the last reforming zone, or reactor of the series, is constituted of platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium. The amount of rhenium relative to the platinum in the last reforming zone, or reactor is present in an atomic or weight ratio of rhenium:platinum of at least about 1.5:1; preferably at least about 2:1, and more preferably ranges from about 2:1 to about 3:1. The beds of catalyst are contacted with a hydrocarbon or naphtha feed, and hydrogen, at reforming conditions to produce a hydrocarbon, or naphtha product of improved octane, and the product is withdrawn.

Abstract: A solid methyl cellulose desiccant wherein from about 0.6 to 1.8, preferably 0.9 to 1.5 of the available hydroxyl groups of the anhydroglucose units of the cellulose entity have been replaced by methyl, or methyl and hydroxyl alkyl or carboxy alkyl groups, if any, containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, e.g. hydroxy ethyl, hydroxy propyl, carboxyl methyl and the like. In the solid methyl cellulose desiccant, at least one of the substituting groups must be methyl, with the remainder of the substituting groups, if any, hydroxy alkyl or carboxy alkyl, or both; preferably carboxy methyl, if any. At least one-half of the substituting groups are methyl, and preferably at least two-thirds of the substituting groups are methyl; the balance of the substituting groups, if any, being hydroxy alkyl or carboxy alkyl groups.

Abstract: A reformate lean oil absorber is used in the downstream processing facilities of a reformer unit to remove isobutane and heavier components from a separator overhead vapor, part of which is reformer recycle gas. Stabilized reformate may be employed as lean oil to the absorber, and the fat oil is recycled to the stabilizer for isobutane recovery of isobutane and normal butane as overhead product and C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid as bottoms product. The mixed butanes are separated, and the isobutane employed as alkylation feedstock. The n-butane is recycled with the naphtha to the reformer unit, the absence of butanes in the recycle gas considerably enhancing the amount of isobutane produced in the reforming unit.

Abstract: A supported carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide catalyst useful for conducting methanation and hydrotreating reactions, principally the latter, can be formed by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formulaB.sub.x [MO.sub.y S.sub.

Abstract: A supported carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide catalyst useful for conducting methanation and hydrotreating reactions, principally the latter, can be formed by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formulaB.sub.x [MO.sub.y S.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel highly active, highly selective hydrotreating catalysts. These catalysts are prepared, in bulk or in supported form, by contacting together and decomposing, in the presence of hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and sulfur, a catalyst precursor characterized by the formula B.sub.x [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] where B is an ammonium ion, polyammonium ion, tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, or a hydrocarbyl substituted ammonium ion, hydrocarbyl substituted polyammonium ion, or hydrocarbyl substituted tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, x is 1 where B is a divalent cationic moiety, or 2 where B is a monovalent cationic moiety, [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] is a divalent anionic moiety wherein z is an integer ranging from about 10 to about 46. A preferred precursor catalyst species is Mo.sub.3 (S.sub.2).sub.6 S.

Abstract: A syringe for the collection of arterial blood, that offers near zero resistance to blood flow, eliminates arterial-venous admixing due to aspiration, prevents air trapping, and does not require a lubricant. The syringe embodies a tubular body, a plunger with valve and capillary bore for its entire length. The forward end of plunger is concaved to center at 45 degrees. The capillary bore is communicated with the chamber through said concave surface. The plunger is valved to provide for the withdrawal, and trapping of arterial blood in the chamber. The capillary bore and valve assist operation with self-aspirating analyzers. By nature of friction between the plunger and chamber wall, the device is volume selective.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, or reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the leading reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the last reforming zone, or reactor of the series, is constituted of platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium. The amount of rhenium relative to the platinum in the last reforming zone, or reactor is present in an atomic or weight ratio of rhenium:platinum of at least 1.5:1; preferably at least about 2:1, and more preferably ranges from about 2:1 to about 3:1. The beds of catalyst are contacted with a hydrocarbon or naphtha feed, and hydrogen, at reforming conditions to produce a hydrocarbon, or naphtha product of improved octane, and the product is withdrawn.

Abstract: A process wherein, in a series of reforming zones, or onstream reactors, each of which contains a bed, or beds of catalyst, the catalyst in the leading reforming zones is constituted of supported platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium, and the catalyst in the last reforming zone, or reactor of the series, is constituted of platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium, and a swing reactor, also containing a supported platinum and rhenium catalyst, is manifolded so that it can be substituted for any one of the onstream reactors of the unit. The entry side, or upper portion of the swing reactor contains a catalyst constituted of platinum and a relatively low concentration of rhenium, and the exit side, or lower portion of the reactor contains a catalyst constituted of platinum and a relatively high concentration of rhenium.

Abstract: A process wherein water is added to a non-reactive gas stream, preferably a hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gas stream, sufficient to raise the water level thereof to from about 0.2 percent to about 50 percent, based on the total volume of the process gas stream, and the said moist gas stream is contacted, at elevated temperature, with a particulate mass of a sulfur-bearing metal alumina spinel characterized by the formula MAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, wherein M is chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium, mercury, or zinc to desorb sulfur thereon. In the sulfur sorption cycle, due to the simultaneous adsorption of water and sulfur, the useful life of the metal alumina spinel for sulfur adsorption can be extended, and the sorbent made more easily regenerable after contact with a sulfur-bearing gas stream, notably sulfur-bearing wet hydrogen or wet hydrogen-rich gas streams.

Abstract: A low temperature, low pressure process for the production of alcohol by the hydration of olefins. The olefin is contacted with a sulfonated ion-exchange resin in the presence of water and glycol diethyl solvent to hydrate said olefin, preferably propylene, and form from the olefin the corresponding aliphatic, monohydric alcohol. The solvent, a key and novel feature of the invention, at reaction conditions forms two liquid phases, a glycol diether phase and a water phase. The alcohol forms predominanty in the glycol diether phase and to a lesser extent in the water phase, with the products, inclusive of by product either, being distributed between the two phases. The glycol diethyl phase effectively displaces the equilibrium toward higher alcohol production, and the ether by product suppresses the equilibrium and minimizes formation of the ether product.

Abstract: Very finely divided particulate solids are removed from unconventional whole heavy petroleum crudes, heavy petroleum crude fractions, and residua, syncrudes and syncrude fractions, particularly shale oil and shale oil fractions, by the use of novel surface active agents. The surface active agent is characterized as an admixture of (I) a surfactant comprised of (A) an ethoxylated or propoxylated ester, or ester constituted of a 1,4 sorbitan skeleton to which at least one and up to three ethoxy, propoxy, or mixed ethoxy-propoxy, and at least one and up to three fatty acid substituents are attached through oxygen to the 2,3,5 and 6 carbon atoms; and preferably this compound (A), or mixture thereof, is further admixed with (B) an organo sulfonic acid; and more preferably an admixture of (B) an organo sulfonic acid and (C) an ammonium ion substituted, a substituted amonium ion substituted, or alkali metal substituted sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for reforming, with hydrogen, a naphtha in a reforming reactor provided with a rhenium promoted platinum catalyst over which the naphtha is contacted and reacted at reforming conditions to produce a C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid product of improved octane. The catalyst is contacted, on initiation of the reforming reaction, with a maximum of about 75 percent of the rate of hydrogen required for maintaining the optimum C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield over the length of the operating cycle. The hydrogen rate is increased not later than the time of line-out of the C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield to that required to maintain said optimum C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield.

Abstract: A process for the optomization of the amount of sulfur introduced into a cyclic, or semi-cyclic reforming unit consistant with the dual objective of sulfiding a sulfur-sensitive polymetallic platinum catalyst, and minimizing the average sulfur present in the unit during an operating cycle. In accordance with such process, a sulfur-containing naphtha feed between reactor swings is first hydrofined to reduce the sulfur content of the feed, the product therefrom is then passed through a guard bed or reactor and contacted with a sulfur adsorbent essentially completely remove the feed sulfur to maximize catalyst activity, catalyst stability and C.sub.5.sup.+ liquid yield.

Abstract: Very finely divided particulate solids are removed from unconventional whole heavy petroleum crudes, heavy petroleum crude fractions, and residua, syncrudes and syncrude fractions, particularly shale oil and shale oil fractions, by the use of novel surface active agents. The surface active agent is characterized as an admixture of (I) a surfactant comprised of (A) an ethoxylated or propoxylated ester, or ester constituted of a 1,4 sorbitan skeleton to which at least one and up to three ethoxy, propoxy, or mixed ethoxy-propoxy, and at least one and up to three fatty acid substitutents are attached through oxygen to the 2,3,5 and 6 carbon atoms; and preferably this compound (A), or mixture thereof, is further admixed with (B) an organo sulfonic acid; and more preferably an admixture of (B) an organo sulfonic acid and (C) an ammonium ion substituted, a substituted ammonium ion substituted, or alkali metal substituted sulfonate.

Abstract: Very finely divided particulate solids are removed from unconventional whole heavy petroleum crudes, heavy petroleum crude fractions, and residua, syncrudes and syncrude fractions, particularly shale oil and shale oil fractions, by the use of novel surface active agents. The surface active agent is characterized as an admixture of (I) a surfactant comprised of (A) an ethoxylated or propoxylated ester, or ester constituted of a 1,4 sorbitan skeleton to which at least one and up to three ethoxy, propoxy, or mixed ethoxy-propoxy, and at least one and up to three fatty acid substitutents are attached through oxygen to the 2,3,5 and 6 carbon atoms; and preferably this compound (A), or mixture thereof, is further admixed with (B) an organo sulfonic acid; and more preferably an admixture of (B) an organo sulfonic acid and (C) an ammonium ion substituted, a substituted ammonium ion substituted, or alkali metal substituted sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for regenerating, and reactivating, coked noble metal catalysts, especially platinum-containing polymetallic catalysts in a system which includes separate, interconnected primary and secondary regeneration gas circuits in which gas is circulated from one circuit to the other, (i) a primary regeneration gas circuit which contain a preheat gas furnace, a reactor which contains said catalyst from which said coke can be burned by contact with hot gas from said preheat gas furnace, and a steam boiler through which said hot gas can be passed and cooled, and the cool gas injected, or returned to said secondary circuit; and (ii) the secondary circuit is one which contains a regeneration gas scrubber, a gas drier (optional) and fines solids filter. The circuit also includes regeneration gas means, i.e. a compressor, for circulating the gas in said circuits.

Abstract: A needle mount, or assembly for installation of a tubular needle on the forward end of an essentially otherwise conventional syringe. The syringe includes the conventional barrel, reciprocable plunger mounted from the rearward end and within the bore of the barrel, and tubular needle mounted on the forward end of the barrel. The bore at the forward end of the barrel is provided with a conical entry feature, and a hub with a central opening which can be aligned upon the conical entry is mounted on the forward end of the barrel.