Abstract: To manufacture airbags comprising a contact fabric and/or a filter fabric it is proposed to use hollow fiber synthetic filament yarns having a hollow area fraction of 10-40%, based on the total cross-sectional area of the fiber. The closeness values are >72% for the contact fabric and 45-68% for the filter fabric. In addition to reducing the production costs, hollow fibers also make it possible to produce lighter fabrics. These have a beneficial effect on the working of an airbag.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for hydraulically backfilling empty mined salt cavities. The method comprises combining at least one pozzolanically active waste material with an effective amount of a cementing agent and brine to form a pozzolanic mixture, wherein the relative proportions of said pozzolanically active waste material, alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal oxide and saturated brine are sufficient for reaction under conditions in said salt cavity to form a stable, low porosity, load bearing pozzolanic cement; oxidizing said pozzolanic mixture in order to substantially remove aluminum metal from the mixture; and hydraulically depositing said pozzolanic mixture in the empty salt cavity.

Abstract: Surfactant obtainable by and method for the production thereof comprising (1) esterifying a rosin with an alcohol to an acid value of less than 30, (2a) grafting the rosin ester with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride, the mole ratio carboxylic acid or anhydride/rosin (calculated as each rosin associated with a rosin ester) being from 0.05:1-1.5:1, (3a) esterifying the grafted rosin ester with a polyethylene glycol with an Mw of 1000-20000 the mole ratio glycol/free carboxylic acid group being from 0.2:1-1:1 to an acid value of less than 30, alternatively (2b) esterifying an unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride with a polyethylene glycol with a Mw of 1000-20000 the mole ratio glycol/free carboxylic acid group or anhydride being from 0.2:1-1:1 to an acid value less than 30, (3b) grafting the rosin ester from (1) with the ester from (2b), the mole ratio ester from (2b)/rosin ester (calculated as in (2a)) being from 0.05:1-1.5:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyketone yarns of which the maximum tangential modulus at an elongation of more than 0.2% is at least 10 N/tex which display both high strength and, if so desired, a high elongation at break. The quality number, which is measured on a single filament out of a bundle of at least about 30 filaments spun simultaneously through one spinneret and given as .sigma...epsilon., is higher than 85 mN/tex, preferably higher than 100 mN/tex. The quality number of a yarn spun through one spinneret of one or more holes is higher than 110 mN/tex, preferably higher than 120 mN/tex. The yarns are manufactured by extruding a solution of a linear polymer of alternating ethylene and carbon monoxide units in a resorcinol-containing solvent, after which the solvent is removed with the aid of methanol as coagulant.

Abstract: A flame retardant mixture, suitable for use in polyurethane foams, comprises a polybrominated diphenyl oxide (e.g., pentabromodiphenyl oxide) and an organic diphosphate (e.g., an aromatic diphosphate). A small amount of triaryl phosphate can also be present for viscosity reduction purposes.

Abstract: An anti-vandalism layer, especially for application in vehicle seats, vehicle roofs, vehicle tarpaulins, tents, inflatable structures, wall facing, and similar objects having an incisible exterior layer and subject to vandalism, includes of a knit fabric having at least in part cut-resistant fibers such as aromatic polyamide fibers, gel-spun polyethylene fibers, or glass fibers is disclosed. In at least one thread system, the knit fabric contains a wire present in a thread system projecting from the surface of the knit fabric such that during subsequent gluing of the anti-vandalism layer to, for example, a textile flat structure, gluing tends to occur on this thread system.

Abstract: Bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) hydrogen phosphonate is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl phosphite with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol.

Abstract: A fabric softening composition containing as essential constituent a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound, characterized in that the composition comprises at least one or more compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an anion, A is an (m+n) valent radical remaining after the removal of (m+n) hydroxy groups from an aliphatic polyol having phydroxy groups and an atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 and up to 2 groups per hydroxy group selected from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, m is 0 or an integer from 1 to p-n, n is an integer from 1 to p-m, and p is an integer of at least 2, B is an alkylene or alkylidene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: (Pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(aryl) phosphonate compounds may contain from one to three pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol groups, such as bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) phosphonate, and are useful as flame retardants. The analogous phosphite compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: (Pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(cyclic neopentylene glycol) phosphite and phosphonate are disclosed as flame retardant compounds. The first named compound is formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol with a neopentylene glycol halophosphite, such as neopentylene glycol chlorophosphite. The (pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol)(cyclic neopentylene glycol) phosphonate is formed by heating (pentaerythritol phosphate ol)(cyclic neopentylene glycol) phosphite.

Abstract: Process for treating a substrate, namely a fibre or a fibrous product, with a superabsorbent material, in which process there is applied to the surface of the substrate, which is not an aramid fibre, a layer of a water-in-oil emulsion which contains a superabsorbent material in its aqueous phase, so that there is applied to the substrate, calculated on its dry weight, 0.3 to 40 wt. % of the superabsorbent material, after which the liquid constituents of the emulsion are wholly or partially removed from the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid-crystalline and infrared-sensitive liquid-crystalline polyesters for optical data storage, processes for the preparation of the same, and an apparatus comprising an infrared-sensitive liquid-crystalline polyester. Owing to covalently bonded dye the liquid crystalline polyester is infrared sensitive and high concentrations of dye are obtainable, without having detrimental effects on the properties of the liquid-crystalline polyester. This results in a highly sensitive liquid-crystalline polyester for optical data storage. Infrared dyes which are preferably bonded in liquid-crystalline polyester are croconium, squarilium, azo, and azamethine dyes.

Abstract: A process for the modification of a polyphenylene ether resin composition is claimed, said process being carried out in a temperature range of between the melting point and the degradation point of said resin composition and in the presence of an effective amount of a citraconimide compound to reduce the melt viscosity of said resin composition, said citraconimide compound being represented by formula (I), wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl groups, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl groups, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkynyl groups, C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 cycloalkyl groups, C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 cycloalkenyl groups, C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 cycloalkynyl groups, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 aryl groups, C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 aralkyl groups, C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkaryl groups, and C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkernaryl groups, all of which may be linear or branched and unsubstituted or substituted with one or more amino, carboxy, cyano, halogens, esters, oxiranes, ethers, nitro, hydroxy and alkoxy groups.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and ethylene are polymerized in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst formed from a Group VIII metal source, such as palladium, a bidentate ligand containing a Group VA or VIA heteroatom, such as phosphorus, and an anion which is a non-coordinating, non-acidic tetrasubstituted anion containing a Group IIIA element, such as boron, with the anion preferably being either an unsubstituted or substituted boron tetraphenyl compound.

Abstract: Deposit formation can be reduced and primary oxidation of the lubricant can be retarded in a lubricant when used in an internal combustion engine by incorporation of soluble copper (e.g., 1,500 to 3,000 ppm) in the lubricant.

Abstract: The compound, [Pd(Me-DUPHOS)(MeCN).sub.2 ](BF.sub.4).sub.2, [Me-DUPHOS: 1,2-bis(2,5-dimethylphospholano)benzene] is an effective catalyst for the highly enantioselective, alternating copolymerization of olefins, such as aliphatic .alpha.-olefins, with carbon monoxide to form optically active, isotactic polymers which can serve as excellent starting materials for the synthesis of other classes of chiral polymers. For example, the complete reduction of a propylene-carbon monoxide copolymer resulted in the formation of a novel, optically active poly(1,4-alcohol).

Abstract: Flame retarded and stabilized polyester composition contain: (a) a polyester resin derived from a cyclohexanemethanol and a carbocyclic acid; (b) a polyphosphate containing a bridging unit between the phosphate moieties therein which is derived from an arylene-containing diol; and (c) a stabilizer which is either:(i) a combination of a hindered phenol-substituted isocyanurate and an epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A reaction product; or(ii) a combination of an ester of a hindered phenol and oxidized polyethylene; when the arylene-containing diol is a monoarylene-containing diol, such as resorcinol or hydroquinone; or(iii) a hindered phenol-substituted isocyanurate; or(iv) a phenolic oxamide antioxidant; or(v) combination of a hindered phenol-substituted isocyanurate and an epichlorohydrin-bisphenol A reaction product; or(vi) combination of an ester of a hindered phenol and oxidized polyethylene;when the arylene-containing diol is a biarylene-containing diol with an alkylene bridging group between the two arylene gr

Abstract: The disclosed invention pertains to a process for the preparation of a water-soluble, nitrogen-containing, epihalohydrin-based resin having a reduced content of total halogen, organic halogen, adsorbable organic halogen (AOX)and by-products. The process involves treatment of nitrogen-containing, epihalohydrin-based resins or intermediate reaction-products with a basic ion-exchanger. The invention also pertains to novel resins displaying such halogen contents far below the values known in the art. Subject resins are useful as wet-strength agents for paper and are preferably of the polyaminoamide-epihalohydrin type.

Abstract: Metal ions can be removed from aqueous by being brought into contact with a heavy metal removal system which comprises an expanded organophilic clay (such as montmorillonite), a fatty alkyl-containing quaternary ammonium compound (such as a chloride comprising a fatty alkyl group containing from about twelve to about twenty-two carbon atoms), and a fatty alkyl-containing mercaptan (comprising a fatty alkyl group containing from about twelve to about twenty-two carbon atoms).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of sizing paper and similar cellulose products containing precipitated calcium carbonate as a filler. According to the method, an aqueous suspension of pulp is dewatered and dried in the presence of an aqueous dispersion of a rosin-based sizing agent, which comprises a rosin component and a rosin ester component, and an aqueous dispersion of a cellulose-reactive sizing agent. The invention also relates to an aqueous dispersion of sizing agents which comprises a rosin-based sizing agent, which contains a rosin component and a rosin ester component, and a cellulose-reactive sizing agent.