Abstract: A catalyst composition for converting hydrocarbons in a hydrotreatment process (hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrodenitrogenization) and simultaneously cracking them, containing an alumina-silica-alumina carrier built up from alumina and silica-alumina, on which hydrogenation metals, such as molybdenum, nickel, and/or cobalt, have been provided and which also contains a catalytically active amount of boron, generally in the range of 1 to 20 wt. %. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of such a catalyst, with boron being provided ahead of the Group VIII component. The carrier material used may be made up of mixtures of alumina and amorphous silica-alumina or of mixtures of alumina and silica-coated alumina. The catalyst composition is highly suitable for converting vacuum gas oil into middle distillate oils by hydrotreating.

Abstract: A rubber composition which is the vulcanization reaction product of a rubber, sulfur or a sulfur donor and particular anti-reversion coagents, is disclosed. The anti-reversion coagents only partially react under sulfur-vulcanization reaction conditions up to optimum cure, and, after optimum cure, form cross-links bonded to the sulfur cross-linked rubbers by carbon-carbon linkages. Also disclosed are a vulcanization process carried out in the presence of the anti-reversion coagents and the use of these anti-reversion coagents in the sulfur-vulcanization of rubbers. The anti-reversion coagents of the disclosure provide sulfur-vulcanized rubbers having significantly improved physical properties.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of colloidal particles which particles are both silica based anionic particles and swollen particles of clays of smectite type which are expandable in water and a process for the preparation thereof. The suspensions are useful as flocculating agents and particularly in combination with polymers in the production of paper.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing polymers can be formed by the reaction of a polyketone, such as a copolymer of carbon monoxide and propylene, and an amino acid or derivative thereof, such as aspartic acid or glycine.

Abstract: Silica sols with a high content of microgel and particles with a specific surface area within the range 300 to 700 m.sup.2 /g, preferably 400 to 650 m.sup.2 /g. The sols can be prepared by acidification or a water glass solution and alkalization at a certain dry content, alternatively to a certain pH. The sols are particularly suitable for use as additives in papermaking in combination with cationic polymers and especially in combination with cationic acrylamide based polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of quaternary diesters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sup.- represents a halogen atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydroxyethyl group, or may be linked together to form an alkylene group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by an N atom or O atom, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are selected from an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or may be linked together to form an alk(en)ylene group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. In the processa) a secondary amine of the formula R.sub.1 --NH--R.sub.2 is gradually added to and converted with one or more liquid compounds of the formula ##STR2## a molar ratio in the range of 1.0:1.0 and 1.0:1.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a multi-layer printed wire board, also referred to as a multilayer, comprising at least two electrically insulating substrates with electrically conductive traces or layers provided on at least three surfaces thereof, in which process, by means of lamination under pressure, a cured basic substrate based on a UD-reinforced synthetic material, provided on either side with traces, is combined with and bonded to a back-up substrate, wherein during the laminating process the back-up substrate is added to the basic substrate, the back-up substrate comprising a UD-reinforced cured core layer provided at least on the side facing the conducting traces of the basic substrate with a still plastically deformable (flowable) adhesive layer, and such a pressure is exerted on the laminate as to bring said cured core layer of the back-up substrate into contact or practically into contact with the conducting traces of the basic substrate, and the space between these traces is filled with the adhesiv

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an aqueous peroxide composition with improved safety profile, the composition comprising a solid, substantially water-insoluble organic peroxy acid stably suspended in an aqueous medium, wherein the aqueous medium also comprises an effective amount of a safety booster selected from the group consisting of triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The preferred organic peroxy acid is 1,12-diperoxydodeandioic acid. The aqueous peroxide composition is particularly useful in detergent, bleaching, cleaning and/or disinfecting formulations.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition is provided which comprises a generally lipophilic crosslinkable binder, optionally a chemical curing/crosslinking agent for the crosslinkable binder, and a special reactive amphiphatic emulsifier comprising a lipophilic backbone having separately pendant therefrom (a) at least one activated unsaturated group and (b) at least one of a specified class of hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene groups, and possessing an HLB value of at least 6.0.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a non-linear optically active (NLO) side chain polycarbonate and to NLO active waveguides containing said polycarbonate. Waveguides containing this NLO polycarbonate have a low loss of signal. Polycarbonates based on bischloroformates of hexafluorobisphenol A, hexafluorotetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol S or deuterated bisphenol A or sulphonylbiphenol are especially preferred within the framework of the invention: they were found to give an exceptionally low loss of signal. The invention further pertains to cross-linkable and already cross-linked polycarbonates. Especially preferred polycarbonates according to the invention are those where the diol comprises a rigid donor group. These polycarbonates have a high Tg, which renders them thermally stable.

Abstract: The invention relates to the addition of an alkoxylate having the formula (I) X(NX-R).sub.n NX.sub.2 and/or an alkoxylate having formula (II) wherein X is hydrogen, the group R.sub.1 CO-, in which R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group having 7-23 carbon atoms or the group -(B).sub.m H, in which B is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4 carbon atoms and m is 1-7, provided the number of groups of formula R.sub.ICO is 1 or 2 and the total number of B is 2-20, R is an alkylen group having 2-3 carbon atoms and n is 2-10, preferably 3-7, to improve the rheology and the processability of a cellulose-based spinning solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymeric optical amplifier doped with lanthanide ions, which are present in the amplifier in the form of a complex. The invention also relates to novel electrically neutral lanthanide complexes which can be applied with advantage in the above-described polymeric optical amplifiers. These complexes comprise host molecules which readily complex with the lanthanide and fully encapsulate it.

Abstract: A homogeneous, clear liquid stabilizer suitable for use in a vinyl chloride polymer comprising a liquid mixture of metal soap stabilizer, for example, a mixture of a mixed barium/zinc soap stabilizer and solubilized metal perchlorate, for example, a barium perchlorate. The liquid stabilizer is formed by combining a solubilized metal perchlorate and a liquid mixture of the metal soap stabilizer.

Abstract: A process for preparing a modified Y-zeolite, in which a NaY-zeolite is first subjected to an ammonium exchange, the resulting ammonium-exchanged zeolite is subjected to an aluminum exchange, the aluminum-exchanged zeolite is subjected to a steam calcination, and a phosphorus component is incorporated into the steam calcined zeolite, is disclosed. The modified Y-zeolite obtained by this process and an FCC catalyst containing the modified Y-zeolite are also disclosed. The FCC catalyst containing the aluminum-exchanged phosphorus-containing Y-zeolite prepared according to the present invention shows less coke make, and an improved selectivity to C.sub.3 olefins compared to FCC catalysts containing zeolites which have either been aluminum exchanged or contain phosphorus.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of retardation layers for liquid crystalline displays, more particularly in the field of retardation layers based on super-twisted nematic (STN) liquid crystalline layer. In the retardation layers of the present invention the liquid crystalline polymer is placed between glass substrates wherein at least one substrate has a thickness of 20-500 micrometers. The use of such thin glass substrates reduces the weight and thickness of the retardation layer.The LC polymer film may also be placed between the substrate of the display cell and a thin glass substrate or between the polarizer and a thin glass substrate. In these embodiments of the invention a second thin glass substrate is not necessary and the thickness and weight of the retardation layer is further reduced.

Abstract: A process for forming a supported metal carbide catalyst, for example, a Group VIB transition metal carbide, such as tungsten carbide, which process comprises the calcination of a carbon support that has been impregnated with a metal carbide precursor comprising a water soluble salt of: (1) a cation comprising nitrogen-hydrogen bonded moieties, such as a guanidine cation; and (2) an anion, such as a tungstate anion, comprising metal-oxygen bonded moieties, so that upon calcination the product formed is the metal carbide and the by-products comprise ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Polyketones can be formed in enhanced yield by conducting the polymerization of the carbon monoxide and olefin monomers used to form the polyketone in a gas phase polymerization process in the presence of a catalyst support which is substantially saturated with an amount of a liquid, non-polymerizable diluent, for example, an organic diluent, which is effective in increasing the amount of polyketone formed over that which would be formed in the substantial absence of the diluent. Preferably, the catalyst is supported on a high surface area polyketone support (e.g., a carbon monoxide-ethylene high surface area support). Hydrogen gas can be used to reduce the molecular weight and increase the bulk density and thermal stability of the polyketone product.

Abstract: Copolymers comprising carbon monoxide and ethylene contain at least one type of ketal structure and possess enhanced thermal stability so as to be useful in the melt processing of fibers. These novel copolymers, as well as known polyketones with ketal structures, can be formed by treating a copolymer of carbon monoxide and at least one olefin with a mixture of acid, such as a sulfonic acid, which acts as a catalyst or catalyst/reagent, and alcohol, such as a lower alkanol.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of a laminate of a textile material covered with a copolyetherester film having a water vapor transmission rate of at least 1000 g/m.sup.2 /day for the manufacture therefrom of waterproof rainwear, shoes, tents, and mattress covers, and for the complete covering therewith of molded articles of foam rubber for use in chairs or mattresses, the copolyetherester being composed of a plurality of recurrent intralinear long-chain ester units and short-chain ester units which are randomly joined head-to-tail through ester bonds, with at least 20 wt. % of the long-chain ester units being prepared from a long-chain glycol having a carbon to oxygen ratio in the range of 2.0 to 2.4, which glycol constitutes 15-45 wt. % of the copolyetherester, and with at least 70 wt. % of the short-chain ester units consisting of butylene naphthalate units constituting 20-80 wt. % of the copolyetherester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric peroxycarbonates, a process for making the polymeric peroxycarbonates and initiator compositions comprising these polymeric peroxycarbonates. The polymeric peroxycarbonates of the present invention provide significant advantages in the polymerization of vinyl monomers.