Abstract: A process for forming a composition containing over, for example, about 90% by weight of an alkylene-arylene bridging group-containing bis(diphenyl phosphate) compound and less than, for example, 10%, by weight, of monophosphate by-product. This process involves the reaction of a composition containing a diphenyl halophosphate and an alkylene-arylene bridging group-containing diol, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid catalyst, utilizing a means, during the course of the reaction, for removal of hydrohalide by-product. The preferred means that are used for removal of hydrohalide by-product include:performing the reaction in a hydrocarbon solvent;utilizing vacuum to remove such by-product;utilizing sparging with an inert gas; andcompatible combinations of one or more of the foregoing means.

Abstract: A laminate that restrains organic vapors, aerosols, and biological agents, where at least one layer is implemented as a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer is implemented from cellulose-based polymers over its entire surface and the laminate is water-vapor permeable, as well as to the application of the laminate in clothing articles such as work clothing, work safety clothing, military protective clothing, gloves, work shoes, head coverings, and sweat suits, and in construction components for delimiting spaces, tents, emergency shelters, and storage sites for toxic materials is disclosed.

Abstract: Claimed is a copolyether amide having a melting point in the range of 180.degree. to 260.degree. C., incorporating at least 10 wt. % and not more than 30 wt. % of ethylene oxide groups, and composed of 30 to 60 wt. % of polyamide segments and 70 to 40 wt. % of segments derived from a (cyclo)aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or a dimeric fatty acid and a polyoxyalkylene diamine derived from a polyoxyalkylene group having a molecular weight of 600 to 6000 and an atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen of 2.0 to 4.3. Also claimed is a non-porous, waterproof film having a water vapour permeability of at least 1000 g/m.sup.2 day determined at 30.degree. C. and 50% RH in accordance with ASTM E96-66 which is based on a the use of these films in rainwear, shoes, tents, chairs, as mattress covers and understating, for medical purpose garments, and for the manufacture of dressings.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a process for preparing an N-substituted aldonamide by reacting an aldonic acid in a polar organic solvent with an amine of the formula HNR.sup.1 (X--NR.sup.1)nR.sup.2, wherein R1 and R.about. may be the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a (cyclo)aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon separated by a hetero-atom or not, an amino acid ester, an amino acid amide, an ether amine or an N-alkanoyl alkylene diamine according to the formula R.sup.3 --C(O)N(H)--R.sup.4 --, wherein R.sup.3 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl and R.sup.4 =C.sub.2 -C.sub.22 branched or linear alkylene group, which may contain heteroatoms like N, O, and S, X is a difunctional (cyclo)aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon separated or not by a heteroatom or a hydrocarbon substituted hetero-atom, and n=0 or 1, with the proviso that when n=0, R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A method for the making and use of a porous, preferably dimensionally stable, hydrophobic polymer for the extraction of metal ions from an aqueous solution, with the polymer being in the form of a regenerative granulate or powder having an average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 10 mm and pores of from 0.1 to 50 .mu.m, which is obtained by the dissolving of a polymer, with heating, at a temperature above the upper critical demixing temperature Tc in a complexing agent containing hydrophobic liquid, followed by lowering of the temperature, resulting in a porous polymer filled with the hydrophobic liquid, and the mechanical diminution of the solidified mass is disclosed. Favorable results have been attained using polypropylene as the hydrophobic polymer, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)thio acid as the complexing agent, and with a mixture of dibenzyl toluene and/or polypropylene glycol ether being part of the hydrophobic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biosensor for detecting the presence of an analyte in solution. The biosensor is composed of:a) an ion channel receptor immobilized in a suspended lipid film which is in contact with an ion-containing solution on each side thereof;b) a ligand, conjugated to the receptor, which has particular affinity for the analyte in solution, and, which, upon binding to the analyte in solution, causes an inhibition in ion flow through the channel; andc) means to detect the inhibition of ion flow through the channel in response to the binding of conjugated ligand and analyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to a waterproof shoe with a laminate positioned against the inner side of the outer layer, which includes at least one waterproof, water-vapour permeable interlining and a lining, where: the lower area of the laminate is essentially parallel to the underside of the outsole; the upper surface of the lower area of the laminate facing into the inner area of the shoe forms a continuous surface with the upper side of the outsole facing into the inner area of the shoe and is essentially parallel to the underside of the outsole; the lower area of the outer layer is joined to the laminate exclusively via the outsole; provisions for shaping are fitted in the toe and shank areas of the outsole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spinneret of a very specific geometry which provides more strength compared with the commonly applied spinnerets, and to a spinneret made of a specific metal alloy which also provides a further high strength. In combination, a spinneret is resistant to spinning pressures up to 60.000 kPa if it is made of the specific geometry and made of the preferred metal alloy of gold, platinum, rhodium and palladium, which does not comprise contaminations and which material is very homogeneous and thus does not show an obvious second phase.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming an aluminoxane composition comprising methylaluminoxane by mixing trimethylaluminum, or a mixture of trimethylaluminum and one or more other trihydrocarbylaluminum compounds, with an organoaluminum compound containing a trialkylsiloxide moiety and then oxygenating the mixture to form the aluminoxane. Oxygenation can be carried out by controlled hydrolysis or by treatment with an organic compound containing carbon-oxygen bonds, such as carbon dioxide. A preferred trialkylsiloxide moiety is of the formula --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, such as in a compound of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.2 AlOSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: A low temperature molten ionic liquid composition comprising a mixture of a metal halide and an alkyl-containing amine hydrohalide salt is described which is useful as a catalyst and a solvent in alkylation, arylation and polymerization reactions or as an electrolyte for batteries. The metal halide is a covalently bonded metal halide which can contain a metal selected from the group comprised of aluminum, gallium, iron, copper, zinc, and indium, and is most preferably aluminum trichloride. The alkyl-containing amine hydrohalide salt may contain up to three alkyl groups, which are preferably lower alkyl, such as methyl and ethyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming a composition comprising oligomeric alkylaluminoxane, e.g., preferably methylaluminoxane, and moieties having the structure--OC(R).sub.3, where R is, for example, methyl, which comprises initially treating a composition comprising trialkylaluminum with a reagent containing a carbon-oxygen double bond, such as, carbon dioxide, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting composition with water.Another embodiment of the invention a composition comprising oligomeric methylaluminoxane and greater than 10 mole % of moieties of the structure --OC(R).sub.3, where R is methyl, which, when such composition is hydrolyzed, there is an evolution of hydrolysis products of methane and at least one C.sub.2 or higher alkane, such as t-butane.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for forming monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphates by the reaction of a diaryl halophosphate, such as diphenyl chlorophosphate, optionally in the presence of some monoaryl dihalophosphate, with an aromatic diol, such as resorcinol, to form the monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphate. The reaction preferably employs a Lewis acid catalyst, such as magnesium dichloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic phosphorus compound-containing which comprises an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) produced by polymerizing free-radically polymerizable monomers comprising at least an allyl group-containing monomer and an epoxy resin.

Abstract: Process for the batchwise preparation of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide polymer by means of reacting approximately equimolar amounts of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl dichloride in a solution containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and calcium chloride, with the reaction being carried out in a cylindrical reaction vessel equipped with a single mixing gear used as stirrer and granulator, the contents of the reaction vessel being whirlingly mixed as terephthaloyl dichloride is added, the formed polymer being crumbled, and the reaction and the crumbling taking place in one and the same reaction vessel. The whirling miming ensures that the terephthaloyl dichloride is very thoroughly mixed into the solution of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, calcium chloride, and p-phenylene diamine before the reaction between the reactants causes a very rapid increase in viscosity. The quality of She product obtained by this process is very high.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber bundle containing at least one core bundle, where the core bundle contains at least three hollow fibers which are arranged around a carrier thread, with at least one winding thread wound around them, where the cross-sectional form of the carrier thread varies along the length of the core bundle is disclosed.

Abstract: Catalyst residues are removed from polyketone compositions by use of a beta diketone compound, e.g., an acetylacetone reagent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of floating calcium carbonate ore containing silicates as impurities. Floatation is performed in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound and an alkylene oxide adduct of an amine compound. The silicate being concentrated in the float.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air-drying aqueous polymer dispersion based on a core/shell polymer having an alkyd resin in the core and an addition polymer grafted thereon, with 50-90 weight percent of the core/shell polymer being composed of alkyd resin and 50-10 weight percent being composed of addition polymer, and with the alkyd resincontaining more than 40 and up to 80 weight percent of unsaturated fatty acid, at least 5 mole percent of which contains conjugated double bonds,having an acid number of not more than 5 (mg KOH/g), andhaving a number average molecular weight in the range of 400 to 5000, and with the addition polymer having an acid number in the range of 40 to 200 (mg KOH/g).The aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention were found to be highly stable and to have a comparatively low viscosity, even at concentrations of 40 weight percent and above.

Abstract: The durability of a supported noble metal hydrodechlorination catalyst can be improved by (1) treating the supported catalyst, which comprises support and catalytic noble metal, with a non-elemental halide compound, which is not a mineral acid (such as an alkali metal halide, an ammonium halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, and/or a halogenated hydrocarbon); and (2) then using the treated catalyst in a hydrodechlorination reaction. Suitable treatment compounds include ammonium chloride, lithium chloride, or a chlorinated hydrocarbon. The treated catalyst is a novel composition of matter comprising at least one platinum group metal supported by an oxidic support wherein the metal, which is in the zero valent state, predominantly resides adjacent the surface of the support and is predominantly visible under a microscope having a resolution of about 5 .ANG..

Abstract: Essentially mesoporous titanium oxide materials, having an average pore diameter of no more than about 100 .ANG. (e.g., from about 20 .ANG. to about 50 .ANG.) and an average surface area of no less than about 300 m.sup.2 /gm, preferably no less than about 500 m.sup.2 /gm are disclosed which optionally can contain an effective amount of at least one transition metal (e.g., a rare earth metal, iron, or the like) for stabilization. These materials can be formed by treating a titanium source, which is derived from a titanium alkoxide, in an organic-aqueous solution, with an organic structure directing agent (e.g., higher alkyl amine, optionally in the presence of an alcohol cosolvent) to form meso-sized micelles and hydrothermally treating the resulting composition.