Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels, each pixel including a liquid crystal and a switching element connected to one of the gate lines and one of the data lines; a gate driver applying a gate signal to the gate lines, the gate signal including a first voltage for turning on the switching elements and a second voltage for turning off the switching elements; a data driver applying data voltages to the data lines; a signal controller controlling the gate driver and the data driver; and a voltage supplier applying a control voltage substantially equal to one of the first and the second voltages of the gate signal to the pixels without passing through the switching elements for a control time.

Abstract: Various approaches are disclosed to provide improved compression and decompression of configuration data for use with programmable logic devices (PLDs). Uncompressed configuration data may comprise a plurality of rows. In accordance with one embodiment, a method of converting the uncompressed configuration data into compressed configuration data includes encoding a row of configuration data comprising only bulk erase bytes into a first bit pattern within a fixed length header. The method also includes encoding a number of continuous bulk erase bytes of configuration data in a row that includes more than bulk erase bytes into a second bit pattern within the fixed length header. The method further includes encoding at least a portion of a row of configuration data according to a Lempel-Ziv (LZ) compression process into a third bit pattern within the fixed length header.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a connecting member and a strength-reinforcing member. The second substrate faces the first substrate, and includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The connecting member is disposed in the peripheral area to electrically connect the first substrate and the second substrate. The strength-reinforcing member protrudes from the second substrate and is disposed inside the connecting member. Thus, the strength-reinforcing member increases strength of the connecting member and stabilizes electrical connection between the first and second substrates, thereby improving display quality of a display device having the display panel.

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method of forming a photoresist pattern, a photoresist-coating section coats a substrate with a photoresist composition to form a photoresist film. A light is irradiated onto the photoresist film by using an exposure section, and a developing section develops the photoresist film. A residue-sensing section senses a residue of the developed photoresist film to generate information of the residue corresponding to the sensed residue. A residue-removing section sprays a solvent in a region of the residue corresponding to the information of the residue to dissolve the residue, and the residue-removing section absorbs the residue dissolved by the solvent. Therefore, the residue is effectively removed by spraying the solvent in the region of the residue and absorbing the residue dissolved by the solvent.

Abstract: In an LCD apparatus, a pixel area defined by data lines and gate lines intersected with each other has a V-shape. A first electrode having the V-shape is formed in the pixel area disposed adjacent to a data line corresponding to a present stage among the data lines so as to partially cover the pixel area and a second electrode having the V-shape is formed in the pixel area adjacent to a data line corresponding to a previous stage among the data lines so as to cover the pixel area partially. A pixel electrode is partially overlapped with the first and second electrodes or spaced apart from the first and second electrodes in a predetermined interval. Accordingly, a width of a light-shielding layer for covering the first and second electrodes and an interval between the data line and the first and second electrodes may be reduced, thereby enhancing a transmittance and a response time.

Abstract: A plurality of gate lines are formed on an insulating substrate in the horizontal direction, a gate shorting bar connected to the data lines is formed in the vertical direction and a gate insulating film is formed thereon. A plurality of data lines intersecting the gate lines are formed on the gate insulating film in the vertical direction, and a data shorting bar connected to the data lines is formed outside the display region. A first shorting bar is formed on the gate insulating film, located between the gate lines and the gate shorting bar, and connected to the odd gate lines. A second secondary shorting bar is formed parallel to the first shorting bar and connected to the even gate lines.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a universal key that enables a user to have access to any type of secured portal, both physical and electronic, in a wireless, hands-free, distance-independent manner without requiring contact or line of sight access between the key and the secured portal. The universal key is not distance-dependent, and each secured portal can be provided with its own prescribed activation range, if desired. Some portals may be provided with long range activation, such as 50 feet, while other portals may be provided with short range activation of a few feet or less. The type of portal being secured and the range of activation may be selected by the user and is not limited by the universal key. In addition, the universal key will provide access to the secured portals in a hands-free fashion so that the user need not push any buttons or take any other action in order to obtain access to the portal.

Abstract: A method supports scalable and reliable multicast in a wireless network with a large bandwidth-delay product. In this method, acknowledgement packets from different receivers experiencing the same number of data packets lost are assigned the same time slots. This method can be combined with other loss recovery techniques, such as forward error correction (FEC) recovery, proactive protection, feedback suppression and collision detection. Scalability is achieved as bandwidth usage relates only to the number of packets transmitted, rather than the number of receivers.

Abstract: A wavefront correction system using a dual frequency liquid crystal spatial light modulator to vary phase relationships of a wavefront is disclosed. A light beam from the dual frequency liquid crystal spatial light modulator can be split into a reference beam and a plurality of measurement beams to enhance a speed and/or accuracy of phase measurement. A temperature of the dual frequency liquid crystal spatial light modulator can be sensed to facilitate temperature control and/or temperature compensation, so as to enhance the accuracy associated with use of the crossover frequency used to control the dual frequency liquid crystal spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display includes a substrate, a black matrix formed on the substrate, and a plurality of color filters formed on the substrate with the black matrix. Each color filter has a flat central portion, and a peripheral portion placed on the black matrix with a thickness smaller than the central portion. A common electrode is formed on the plurality of color filters. A thin film transistor array substrate for the liquid crystal display includes a substrate, a plurality of gate lines formed on the substrate, a plurality of data lines crossing over the gate lines while defining pixel regions, a thin film transistor formed at each pixel region, and a plurality of color filters. Each color filter has a flat central portion, and a peripheral portion placed on the data lines with a thickness smaller than the central portion. Contact holes expose the drain electrodes, and pixel electrodes are connected to the drain electrodes through the contact holes.

Abstract: An optical homogenizing and combining apparatus, comprises a one piece, hollow, tubular body having a first input leg, a second input leg and an output leg, each leg having a polygonal cross-section and highly reflective interior surfaces in accordance with an embodiment. The body has a shape corresponding to first and second bent tubes, the tubes being truncated along a plane and joined at a junction lying in the plane. The a first end of the first tube defines the first input leg, a first end of the second tube defines the second input leg, and a second end of the first tube and a second end of the second tube define the output leg.

Abstract: An optical module includes a point light source device and an optical lens. The point light source device generates light. The optical lens includes an inner curved surface and an outer curved surface. The inner curved surface has a first roughly ellipsoidal shape having a first major axis and a first minor axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first major axis. The outer curved surface has a second roughly ellipsoidal shape having a second major axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis and the second minor axis that is substantially perpendicular to the second major axis. The light generated by the point light source device enters the optical lens through the inner curved surface and exits from the optical lens through the outer curved surface. Therefore, the number of optical modules used in a display device may be reduced to lower manufacturing cost thereof.

Abstract: Methods are provided for encoding and decoding a digital message between a sender and a recipient in a system including a plurality of private key generators (“PKGs”). The PKGs include at least a root PKG and n lower-level PKG in the hierarchy between the root PKG and the recipient. A root key generation secret is selected and is known only to the root PKG. A root key generation parameter is generated based on the root key generation secret. A lower-level key generation secret is selected for each of the n lower-level PKGs, wherein each lower-level key generation secret is known only to its associated lower-level PKG. A lower-level key generation parameter also is generated for each of the n lower-level PKGs using at least the lower-level key generation secret for its associated lower-level private key generator. The message is encoded to form a ciphertext using at least the root key generation parameter and recipient identity information associated with the recipient.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) capable of preventing texture, light leakage, and/or formation of an instantaneous afterimage while improving an aperture ratio is presented. The LCD includes a first insulating substrate, a gate line formed on the first insulating substrate, a data line insulated from the gate line and extending substantially perpendicularly to the gate line wherein the gate line and the data line define a pixel, and a thin film transistor (TFT) connected to the gate line and the data line. A first sub-pixel electrode is connected to the TFT, and a second sub-pixel electrode is capacitively coupled to the first sub-pixel electrode through a coupling electrode, the second sub-pixel electrode being separated from the first sub-pixel electrode by a gap.

Abstract: An optical device that includes an input region, an output region, and an arrayed waveguide grating between the input region and the output region is presented. The input region includes a first input waveguide set and a second input waveguide set, and the output region includes a first output waveguide set and a second output waveguide set. The arrayed waveguide grating is shared by the signals that travel from the input region to the output region. The device is capable of simultaneously functioning as a multiplexer and a demultiplexer, thereby reducing the cost and complexity of a dual-function optical device. Where the arrayed waveguide grating is used for multiplexing, the optical device receives demultiplexed input signals and generates a multiplexed signal. Where the arrayed waveguide grating is used for demultiplexing, the optical device receives a multiplexed input signal and generates a set of demultiplexed signals.

Abstract: A window for a subsonic passenger aircraft that provide maximum optical visibility while minimizing the amount of exterior acoustic noise transmitted through the windows to the passenger cabin during flight of the aircraft includes at least one substantially transparent window pane having the shape of an ellipse. The ellipse has a major axis and a minor axis, and the major axis is about twice as long as the minor axis and is disposed generally perpendicular to the direction of flight of the aircraft. In one exemplary embodiment, the window has a height of about 20 inches and a transparent area of about 141 square inches, and includes a pair of substantially similar window panes disposed in a parallel, spaced-apart relationship circumscribed by a mounting bezel. A plurality of the windows are each mounted with the bezels in spaced-apart rows in each of the opposite sidewalls of the aircraft fuselage.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for characterizing samples using optical techniques. Coherent light may be incident on a sample, and a diffraction pattern detected. Information indicative of diffraction pattern intensity may be used to determine one or more sample characteristics and/or one or more pattern characteristics. For example, sample characteristics such as stress, warpage, curvature, and contamination may be determined. The coherent light may be light of a single wavelength, or may be light of multiple wavelengths.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an analytical apparatus is provided that includes a carriage; and a plurality of electrospray probes pivotably mounted on the carriage, wherein movement of the carriage engages a feature with a selected one of the electrospray probes whereby movement of the feature pivots the selected one of the electrospray probes with respect to the carriage.