Abstract: A pseudorandom number generator includes:an M-sequence generator having a plurality of stages a.sub.i ; anda matrix product circuit which combines a matrix G having components g.sub.ji with the stages a.sub.i to provide output elements b.sub.j of a number, each b.sub.j being represented by the expression,b.sub.j =.SIGMA..sub.i a.sub.j g.sub.ji.

Abstract: In a speech recognition system, the prior parameters of acoustic prototype vectors are adapted to a new speaker to obtain posterior parameters by having the speaker utter a set of adaptation words. The prior parameters of an acoustic prototype vector are adapted by a weighted sum of displacement vectors obtained from the adaptation utterances. Each displacement vector is associated with one segment of an uttered adaptation word. Each displacement vector represents the distance between the associated segment of the adaptation utterance and the model corresponding to that segment. Each displacement vector is weighted by the strength of the relationship of the acoustic prototype vector to the word segment model corresponding to the displacement vector.

Abstract: A speech recognition system measures the values of at least two classes of features of an utterance: (1) a first class whose value is related to the frequency spectrum of the utterance, and (2) a second class whose value is related to the variation with time of the "first class" value of the utterance. Word baseforms are constructed from Markov model baseform units. Each output-producing transition of a baseform unit produces outputs from both classes. However, for each output-producing transition, the probabilities of producing outputs from the first class are independent of the probabilities of producing outputs from the second class.

Abstract: A speech recognition apparatus makes a preliminary selection of a number of candidate words from a vocabulary of words, one of which candidate words is most likely the spoken word to be recognized. For the preliminary selection, each candiate word is divided into first and second portions. For each portion of a word, there are stored probabilites of producing each label of a label alphabet during the utterance of that portion of the word. The speech to be recognized is also divided into first and second portions. A label string representing the speech to be recognized is generated, such that labels occur during the first or the second portion of the speech (or during a transition between the first and second portions. To determine the likelihood that the spoken word represents a word from the vocabulary, each label occurring during the first portion is assigned its "first portion" probability. Each label occurring during the second portion is assigned its "second portion" probability.

Abstract: A continuous speech recognition system having a speech processor and a word recognition computer subsystem, characterized by an element for developing a graph for confluent links between confluent nodes; an element for developing a graph of boundary links between adjacent words; an element for storing an inventory of confluent links and boundary links as a coding inventory; an element for converting an unknown utterance into an encoded sequence of confluent links and boundary links corresponding to recognition sequences stored in the word recognition subsystem recognition vocabulary for speech recognition. The invention also includes a method for achieving continouous speech recognition by characterizing speech as a sequence of confluent links which are matched with candidate words. The invention also applies to isolated word speech recognition as with continuous speech recognition, except that in such case there are no boundary links.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for constructing word baseforms which can be matched against a string of generated acoustic labels. A set of phonetic phone machines are formed, wherein each phone machine has (i) a plurality of states, (ii) a plurality of transitions each of which extends from a state to a state, (iii) a stored probability for each transition, and (iv) stored label output probabilities, each label output probability corresponding to the probability of each phone machine producing a corresponding label. The set of phonetic machines is formed to include a subset of onset phone machines. The stored probabilities of each onset phone macine correspond to at least one phonetic element being uttered at the beginning of a speech segment. The set of phonetic machines is formed to include a subset of trailing phone machines. The stored probabilities of each trailing phone machine correspond to at least one single phonetic element being uttered at the end of a speech segment.

Abstract: A method of operating a graphics system, in which a host processor sends a display terminal image data and image orders. The image orders coordinate the position and size of a source rectangle area and the postion of a destination rectangle area in an image storage memory. The image data of the souce rectangle area is rotated by a rotation angle of 90 degrees, 180 degrees or 270 degrees and is stored in the image storage memory. The image storage memory operates as a storage buffer of a display unit, which displays the image data of the destination rectangle area. The image storage memory is partitioned into areas of K bits. Image data is rotated in blocks of K.times.K bits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring dynamic head and track misregistration in, for example, a magnetic disk file. A reference signal waveform is recorded onto a track on a recording medium. The track has a center line and an off-center line parallel to the center line. The recorded reference signal waveform is read a plurality of times with the transducer centered approximately above the off-center line of the track to produce a plurality of off-track playback signal waveforms. A track misregistration signal waveform is produced by computing the difference between one off-track playback signal waveform and the average off-track playback signal waveform.

Abstract: A device and method for capacitive measurement and control of the fly height of a recording slider. A recording slider is vertically spaced from a rotating disk surface by an "air bearing". The disk has a first electrically conductive pattern at its surface. The first pattern has an edge with a length extending, for example, radially. The recording slider has one or more electrically conductive rails extending transverse to the radial pattern on the rotating disk. As the disk rotates, the edge of the pattern on the disk scans across the rail of the slider. By measuring the electrical capacitance between the slider and the pattern on the disk, and by processing the electrical capacitance measurement signal, a vertical spacing signal proportional to the vertical spacing between the disk and the slider can be obtained.

Abstract: In a speech processor system in which prototype vectors of speech are generated by an acoustic processor under reference noise and known ambient conditions and in which feature vectors of speech are generated during varying noise and other ambient and recording conditions, normalized vectors are generated to reflect the form the feature vectors would have if generated under the reference conditions. The normalized vectors are generated by: (a) applying an operator function A.sub.i to a set of feature vectors x occurring at or before time interval i to yield a normalized vector y.sub.i =A.sub.i (x); (b) determining a distance error vector E.sub.i by which the normalized vector is projectively moved toward the closest prototype vector to the normalized vector y.sub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for independently and dynamically performing smooth-scrolling a display line at a time is disclosed herein. An offset value for smooth-scrolling for each display line, is provided which shifts the image information of each display line by pixel. Rewriting of the screen according to the offset value is performed in synchronization with refreshing of the display screen. Selective smooth-scrolling can be performed for a displayed image in each display line, and complicated and various image display can be shifted by controlling the existence or nonexistence and speed of smooth-scrolling for each display line.

Abstract: A method for fabricating exactly aligned apertures for use in electron and ion microscopy involves the placing of a very sharply pointed tip (1) in front of a set of extremely thin, precisely spaced metal foils (3,5) in an atmosphere of heavy gas atoms. The application of an elevated voltage at the tip (1) will result in a sputtering operation to commence and erode the metal foils (3,5) at a location underneath the facing tip (1). The sputtering operation is continued until the first ions are detected to emerge on the far side of the lens structure (2).

Abstract: A text editor is connected to a speech recognizing unit for editing preferably spoken input text using a display speech. For each text word (including digits), and each punctuation mark that can be recognized and is contained in a dictionary, a token is stored for holding information on character count, capitalization, left and right concatenation of the respective item, and for providing fields for context conditions. For each segment or entity recognized spoken text, a respective character string and associated token is transferred to storage in the editor to allow automatic formatting and correct displaying or printing of the text, including spaces and capitalization where required. Tokens are updated during editing to reflect modifications such as in the beginning of a sentence or in concatenation. Switching to spelling mode is provided for entering single spelled characters in case where a word cannot be recognized or where spelling is desired.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated display is disclosed herein in which a matrix of conductive display electrodes is formed over a corresponding matrix of switching devices which are integrated in a single crystal semiconductor chip such that the display electrodes are connected to their respective switching devices through respective conductive paths. The display electrodes are divided into a plurality of subsets each of which is formed in respective layers, so that the display electrodes of an upper subset overlap the edges of the display electrodes of the lower subset. The display electrode layers are separated by intermediate layers of electrically insulating material. The conductive paths from each higher layer subset passes through gaps between electrodes of any lower subset and through the insulating layers to connect their respective electrodes to the corresponding switching devices.

Abstract: A graphics display apparatus with a combined bit buffer and character graphics store includes a coded display buffer containing pointers to the store. The store is constituted by odd and even memories used to derive bit patterns for odd and even character cell columns on the display and is partitioned into a font area and a bit buffer area. In a first mode of operation, compatible with existing programmed symbol arrangements, pointers in the coded display buffer in conjunction with odd/even select signals and slice signals derive the bit patterns for each raster scan line of the display. In a second mode of operation, a graphic image to be displayed is stored as a bit map in the bit buffer area: the required bit pattern is derived using slice and odd/even select signals in conjunction with pointers stored in the coded display buffer.

Abstract: A deflector for a cathode ray tube (called herein "CRT"), and more particularly a stator type deflector in which a plurality of slots for windings are formed in the inner surface of a tubular core and deflecting coils are positioned in these slots. Both convergence (spot) distortion and raster (pin cushion) distortion are small. The magnetic field distribution at the neck is a barrel type, and that at the screen is a pin cushion type. Both the horizontal and the vertical magnetic fields are obtained by adjusting the positioning of the winding slots formed in the inner surface of the tubular core for positioning the deflecting coils. This is accomplished by adjusting the angles of the plurality of winding slots formed in the inner surface of the tubular core which contain the deflecting coils.

Abstract: An image processing system and a method for manipulating images in an image processing system where each image in the system is subdivided into a plurality of sub-images which are processed independently of one another. Control of each image and sub-image is maintained by means of a view state word or table so that only those portions of an image which are being actively processed require modification of their view state. The images stored in the system are maintained in a secondary store and only portions of the image are available for manipulation at any one time in a primary store. Manipulation of sub-images is determined by a modified Least Recently Used algorithm which minimizes data swaps between the primary and secondary stores.

Abstract: A multiple window display system includes a display device and a screen ownership area pointing to the identity of the window which is to contribute the data for each display area of the display device. An ordered list is maintained of the active windows in the priority order thereof. Means are provided to regenerate the screen ownership area from the ordered list, on each change made to the list, in terms of list position per device display area, by overwriting, progressing through the list in order of increasingly significantly priority order, the list indicating, in each position thereof, the identity of the window having the respective priority. The list contains the addresses of the windows in storage and the type thereof. The screen ownership area is reset to the lowest potential priority list position value and is overwritten.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for synthesizing word baseforms for words not spoken during a training session, wherein each synthesized baseform represents a series of models from a first set of models, which include: (a) uttering speech during a training session and representing the uttered speech as a sequence of models from a second set of models; (b) for each of at least some of the second set models spoken in a given phonetic model context during the training session, storing a respective string of first set models; and (c) constructing a word baseform of first set models for a word not spoken during the training session, including the step of representing each piece of a word that corresponds to a second set model in a given context by the stored respective string, if any, corresponding thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a muffler which includes a first expansion chamber, a second expansion chamber, a resonator chamber, and an inlet pipe having a first open end and a second open end. The first open end of the inlet pipe is inserted into the first expansion chamber so as to communicate with the latter. A resonator pipe runs substantially in a coaxial relationship with the inlet pipe so as to establish communication between the first expansion chamber and the resonant chamber. A return pipe is disposed between the resonator chamber and the second expansion chamber and passes through the first expansion chamber for establishing communication between the first expansion chamber and the second expansion chamber. An outlet pipe communicates with the second expansion chamber. The improvement comprises that said return pipe has an open end and is inserted with the open end into said resonator chamber, while the inserted open end thereof is sealed with a plug.