Abstract: An apparatus for the linear translation of read/write heads in a data recording system is disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a compound parallel bending element suspension with a driver connected thereto. The compound parallel suspension comprises two sets of cantilevered bendable elements. One end of each bendable element is attached to a movable connector to connect the elements together. The other ends of two bendable elements are attached to a non-movable support post. The other ends of the remaining two elements are connected to the read/write head assembly and driver. The driver can be any of a number of conventional stepping and voice coil motor configurations including but not limited to friction drives, taut band drives, rack and pinion drives.

Abstract: A raster scan type display apparatus for displaying characters having attributes. The attributes are, for example: (i) underlining, (ii) reverse video, (iii) high intensity, and (iv) blinking. The characters and attributes are stored in a refresh memmory. The display may be operated in either a field attribute mode or in a character attribute mode. In the field attribute mode, one field attribute byte in the refresh memory sets the attributes for at least one, but usually many characters which follow the field attribute byte in the refresh memory. In the character attribute mode, one character attribute byte in the refresh memory sets the attribute for only one character which precedes the character attribute in the refresh memory. In the character attribute mode, field attributes may be provided (in addition to the character attributes) for strings of characters following the field attributes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for generating images by using a ray-tracing method. The method for generating images according to the invention registers only a cell containing the surface of an object among cells that are obtained by dividing the region containing the object to be displayed. The calculation of intersection points is performed only for rectangular parallelepipeds in which the surface exists. Thus it is possible to reduce the time required for displaying the object.

Abstract: In order to determine a next event based upon available data, a binary decision tree is constructed having true or false questions at each node and a probability distribution of the unknown next event based upon available data at each leaf. Starting at the root of the tree, the construction process proceeds from node-to-node towards a leaf by answering the question at each node encountered and following either the true or false path depending upon the answer. The questions are phrased in terms of the available data and are designed to provide as much information as possible about the next unknown event. The process is particularly useful in speech recognition when the next word to be spoken is determined on the basis of the previously spoken words.

Abstract: A data display system in which input-output display devices are connected to a central processor, and users select application programs that are run on the central processor. The control system of the central processor includes a display manager control system and a windowing control mechanism which allows a plurality of tasks to be performed concurrently and the results displayed in areas of a display screen. The windowing control mechanism includes, a task manager control program which runs as an application in the display manager control system and includes means to interact, via the display manager, with the operator to allow applications to be initiated, means to create tasks to control the processing of the application in such a way that the applications can be suspended or resumed according to whether the operator is ready for them, and means to identify to the display manager a coordination controller that the display manager can call to allow the task manager to suspend and resume applications.

Abstract: In a system that (i) defines each word in a vocabulary by a fenemic baseform of fenemic phones, (ii) defines an alphabet of composite phones each of which corresponds to at least one fenemic phone, and (iii) generates a string of fenemes in response to speech input, the method provides for converting a word baseform comprised of fenemic phones into a stunted word baseform of composite phones by (a) replacing each fenemic phone in the fenemic phone word baseform by the composite phone corresponding thereto; and (b) merging together at least one pair of adjacent composite phones by a single composite phone where the adverse effect of the merging is below a predefined threshold.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for evaluating the likelihood of an event (such as a word) following a string of known events, based on event sequence counts derived from sparse sample data. Event sequences--or m-grams--include a key and a subsequent event. For each m-gram is stored a discounted probability generated by applying modified Turing's estimate, for example, to a count-based probability. For a key occurring in the sample data there is stored a normalization constant which preferably (a) adjusts the discounted probabilities for multiple counting, if any, and (b) includes a freed probability mass allocated to m-grams which do not occur in the sample data. To determine the likelihood of a selected event following a string of known events, a "backing off" scheme is employed in which successively shorter keys (of known events) followed by the selected event (representing m-grams) are searched until an m-gram is found having a discounted probability stored therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and method of synthesizing speech for synthesis units which form words. The method comprises the steps of generating, for each of multiple utterances of a given synthesis unit, a series of frames of analysis data, the frames being generated one frame every To period, each frame in each series having a parameter value associated therewith; where one series results in M frames of data, partitioning each other series of frames to provide M time intervals each of which corresponds to one of the frames of said one series; synthesizing speech data for the synthesis unit, the synthesized speech data corresponding to a sequence of time intervals wherein each time interval has an associated parameter value, said synthesizing step including the steps of:(a) representing the synthesized data as a sequence of M time intervals, interpolating each ith time interval (where 1.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.

Abstract: Alternately stacked radial-pole stator and spacer laminations provide a simple linear actuator, in which alternating layers form magnetic teeth in the axial direction. The spacer laminations are non-ferromagnetic or dimensionally spaced from the flux path. The stator laminations have radially extending pairs of poles, forming a central hole which may be filled and ground smooth along with the spacers, forming smooth pole faces upon which the armature may slide.Flux paths are coplanar with stator laminations, thus making each lamination completely independent. Electromagnetic force increases linearly as stator laminations are added. The stacked stator laminations have pole faces each having a finite pole face flux capacity; related armature rings can be mounted on a nonmagnetic support tube and made as light as possible so long as each ring is of sufficient cross-sectional area to carry half the pole face flux capacity.

Abstract: An atto amperemeter includes a shop tip (1) correctable to a voltage source (18) providing a known potential (U') via a sample conductor measured, the tip (1) faces a particle detector such as an electron multiplier (4). The count of the free electrons being emitted from the tip (1), multiplied by the electron multiplier (4) and counted by an electronic current (i) passing through the sample conductor (17). Calibration of the arrangement is performed by temporarily connecting the tip (1) to ground and applying a calibration potential (U cal) to a calibrated electrode (3) aligned with the tip (1) and the channel electron multiplier (4).

Abstract: An architecture for the implementation of an information utility for accessing information and executing transactions on an interactive basis between Videotex databases and individual end user terminals, some or all of which may be remotely located with respect to each other. The utility may be associated with a Videotex Application Network (VAN) and includes a combination of distributed, semiautonomous Operations Nodes (ONs), each characterized by (1) one or more affiliated users, (2) the inclusion of some form of database, and (3) one or more customized application programs, and each is also capable of "standalone" operation. Each database comprises pages of control information and displayable data. Each node comprises a directory of databases at other nodes.

Abstract: A display system having a frame buffer comprising a plurality of memory planes, a display device for visually displaying images written into the frame buffer, and a controller for controlling image data operations. The display system is provided with an extended raster operation circuitry comprising an intraplane operation unit and an interplane operation unit. Operation results of the circuitry are written back to the frame buffer. The respective operation units perform operations specified by the controller. The intraplane operation unit performs operations on image data in each of the memory planes, separately, while the interplane operation unit performs operations on image data in at least two memory planes selected by the controller. There are no restrictions as to the positional relation between the intraplane operation unit and the interplane operation unit.

Abstract: In contrast to existing light addressed light valves for projection displays which use a homogeneous CdS or Se photoconductive layer as the control element for a liquid crystal cell, a silicon photo-diode array is disclosed which makes an effective control element capable of applying a spatially varying AC voltage across a liquid crystal light valve. Writing may be done with a miniature CRT in an optical or electron excitation mode. It is shown that for a video mode the ratio of diode capacitance to liquid crystal cell capacitance associated with the diode, and the frequency of the applied square wave voltage, define the buildup or decay time of the liquid crystal cell voltage. Thus, the frequency of the applied AC voltage can be used to control sensitivity and transient response and there is no lag. The dynamic range of the cell voltage is shown to depend on the ratio of diode capacitance to liquid crystal cell capacitance.

Abstract: An interlaced raster-scanned color cathode ray tube display in which flicker is reduced by temporally off-setting one of the colors (preferably red) so that normally even-field data for that color is displayed in the odd field and normally odd-field data for that color is displayed in the even field. The temporal shift can be either before or during storage of the bit patterns or during or after reading of the bit patterns.The resulting positional shift of one scan line of the temporally shifted color is compensated for by using the static and/or dynamic convergence circuitry.

Abstract: The circuit has a gain factor characteristic curve with various breakpoints below which and above which a larger or a smaller gain factor, respectively, is present. Both the breakpoints and the gain factors above these points are variable dependent on the magnitude of the input signal. For picture signal processing for which the signal values below the breakpoints reach the output signal in an optimum way and above which an optimum adaptive white signal compression is present, the circuit is formed with a signal multiplier circuit (2) for multiplying a picture voltage (VI) and a first direct voltage (Va) by a control voltage (VR), and with a signal minimum detection circuit (4) for passing the lowest voltage value when the said picture voltage (VI) is applied relative to the voltage originating from the signal multiplier circuit (2) and relative to a second direct voltage (Vb), with the control voltage (VR) being derived from the voltage value that has been passed.

Abstract: A window of a transparent material suitable for closing an opening in a wall of a sealed container, which window has two conical portions whose bases face each other. An elastic seal is interposed between each of the conical surfaces and the wall of the opening.

Abstract: A device for separating radiation beams of different wavelengths, which emerge from an optical fiber. The device includes a reflection grating and a wavelength-selective mirror. The wavelength-selective mirror is arranged between the optical fiber and the reflection grating. The mirror reflects radiation beams of wavelengths which are spaced comparatively far from the wavelengths of the radiation beams of comparatively closely spaced wavelengths. The reflected beam is reflected to an output fiber. The mirror transmits the radiation beams of comparatively closely spaced wavelengths to the reflection grating.

Abstract: A flat type optical cable comprises parallelly extending optical fibers which are interconnected by a light-cured lacquer of acrylic acid asters. The lacquer is present only on the facing circumferential parts of the optical fibers.

Abstract: An image sensor of the interline type with a light sensor comprising a receptor, e.g. a current generating photo diode, and an integrator, e.g. an adjoining MOS capacitance, which are separated from each other spatially and a C.T.D. line separated therefrom.

Abstract: To realize a camera with both an undisturbed scene recording and automatic adjustments which are periodically effected while using one and the same image sensor (1), this sensor is formed as a charge transfer device comprising a pick-up member (I), a storage member (S) and a shift register member (SR). To perform a black level setting (9, 11) in the scene picture signal an opaque strip (BS) is provided on the pick-up member (I).