Abstract: A turning device which receives randomly oriented sheet-like items, such as bank notes, and delivers them in a predetermined orientation comprises a testing station which determines the initial orientation of the items, a control device which receives signals emitted by the testing station indicative of the initial orientation, and a conveying system which is responsive to the control device for re-orienting the items. The turning device includes a service station having a conveying path therein. The service station is rotatable about an axis of rotation into first and second rest positions which are separated by 180.degree. by arc. The conveying path of the service station is operable in forward and reverse directions. The conveying path of the service station also includes two openings through which it receives the items and discharges them after they have been reoriented.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for a voice controlled attenuation adjustment in telephone transmission circuits is disclosed. Signals in the sending and receiving directions are decomposed into sub-band signals in a set of frequency sub-bands. Each frequency sub-band is associated with an attenuation device for each direction of transmission. Depending on the level of activity in each direction in a particular sub-band, the attenuation values of the attenuation devices of that particular sub-band are adjusted. The sub-band signals are then recombined.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a supercharger for supplying charge air and a charge air cooler, which is arranged near the front end of the engine and is adapted to be supplied with charge air. The charge air line extends through the charge air cooler to the air receiver and is connected by a directional valve to a branch line, which bypasses the charge air cooler. In order to achieve a space-saving and compact design, the supercharger and the directional valve are disposed near the rear end of the engine and the air receiver, which in itself constitutes the branch line, is connected at that end which is opposite to the charge air line via a tubular port or the like directly to the directional valve.

Abstract: In an integrable Hall element, which includes a semiconductor layer of a single conductive type, a plurality of current electrodes adapted for being connected to an energy source, and wherein at least one current electrode and two sensor electrodes are located on a surface of the Hall element, and the one current electrode has a first connecting contact forming a first energy source pole, the improvement consists in the one current electrode being approximately located in the center of a line connecting the sensor electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive for closures of apertures, more particularly sectional gates. The sectional gate is made up of slats 1a-1c directly hinged to one another and guided in vertical and horizontal rails 3, 5 on both longitudinal edges. In the deflecting zone between the vertical portion and the horizontal portion of the aperture closure, associated with each edge of the aperture closure is a sprocket wheel 6 engaging with a roller chain. The rollers 21-24 of the roller chain are disposed on pivot pins 17-20 borne by locking members 10-12. The locking members 10-12 are inserted in the ends of every second hollow slat 1a, 1b, 1c. The pivot pins 17-20 are so arranged as to be in alignment with the hinge points 13-15 of the slats 1a-1e hinged to one another.

Abstract: A document with an embossed macroscopic structure and acting through optical diffraction is disclosed. The structure, which serves as a security element comprises a plurality of surface portions with predetermined relief structures having spatial frequencies of over 10 lines/mm. Each surface portion is different from directly adjoining surface portions and at least some of the surface portions have a maximum dimension of less than 0.3 mm. To the naked eye, the pattern of surface portions on the document appears as a mesh of dots and lines. However, to an examiner with a magnifying device, the dots and lines appear as numbers, characters or other graphic features.

Abstract: A differential gear and control system for motor vehicles having a single driven axle and at least one undriven axle comprises a differential gear and a differential lock, which is adapted to be controlled in dependence on the speed of travel of the vehicle. In order to increase the traction when the vehicle is started whereas the handling of the vehicle should not adversely be affected by a locking of the differential gear, the differential lock is adapted to be controlled so that it exerts on the differential gear a restraining torque which decreases as the speed of travel of the vehicle increases from zero to a predetermined speed of travel.

Abstract: A memory device for digital electronic signals includes at least one micro-mechanical memory element. The memory element includes a support having recess defined therein and a curved mechanical component bridging the recess and fixed to the support. The mechanical component has two stable positions, each of which being maintained by mechanical forces, one concave down towards the support and the other convex up away from the support. The mechanical component is adapted to be selectively changed from one stable position to the other stable position during a writing cycle and to have its stable position determined during a reading cycle so that the memory element can be used for storing binary logic information.

Abstract: A traffic mirror comprises a spherically curved glass pane having a front surface, a rear surface, and an outer periphery, a metal reflective layer located on the inner surface of the glass pane, and a decorative frame located directly on the glass pane. The decorative frame is an enamel-like colored material which is baked onto the outer periphery of the glass pane. The traffic mirror further comprises a supporting structure for mounting the traffic mirror onto a vertical post. The supporting structure comprises at least two supporting struts which, are attached directly to the glass pane, for example, by bolts passing through bores in the glass pane itself. The glass pane is made from thermally prestressed single pane safety glass. The traffic mirror does away with the bulky frames used in prior art mirrors of this kind.

Abstract: A programmable regulating device, preferably for the regulation of a heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning installation, is disclosed. The inventive device illustratively comprises a microprocessor, a program and data memory and a service panel which includes a label, selection keys, edit key and display. The contents of the label are variable. A plurality of service cards are assigned to the service panel. Each service card is provided with a number of display lines equal to the number of lines in the label and supports a machine-readable encoding field comprising one or more markings. The service panel is provided with a reading unit by means of which all existing markings can be read. The encoding field of each service card is differentiated by the number and/or varying arrangement of markings, so that the microprocessor is informed through the reading unit and the encoding field as to which service card has been assigned to the reading unit.

Abstract: A process for the decontamination of oxygenated gases comprises growing a mycelium of pocket rot mushrooms on a substrate and bringing the exhaust gas into contact with the mycelium. The substrate comprises a waste material, such as agricultural, forestry, or fishery wastes, or wastes from the wood pulping industry. The mycelium and the substrate are shaped into body forms of a desired configuration which promote contact of the oxygenated gas with the mycelium in particular environments.

Abstract: An implement for lopping felled trees comprises a frame, which is adapted to be suspended from a lifting tackle and is provided with gripping members for engaging a treetrunk from below, with feeding means for imparting a longitudinal movement to the treetrunk and with lopping tools, which are distributed around the periphery of the treetrunk, and is preferably provided with a cross-cutting tool, which is operable to move transversely to the longitudinal feeding direction. In order to reduce the friction incurred during the longitudinal feed movement, at least one of the grippers constitutes a carrier for a roller, which is rotatable on an axis that is transverse to the feeding direction.

Abstract: An arrangement which eliminates or reduces the negative influence of small variations in the charge-carrier concentration of a semiconductor material upon the longterm stability of a magnetic field sensor such as a Hall element is disclosed. In an illustrative embodiment, the arrangement comprises a magnetic field sensor, a voltage/current converter which provides a supply current to the magnetic field sensor, an amplifier connected sequentially downstream of the voltage/frequency converter, and an analog/digital or voltage/frequency converter connected sequentially downstream of the amplifier. The amplifier provides a transmission ratio which is proportional to (1+.delta.n/n) or (1-.delta.n/n) where n is the carge-carrier concentration of the semiconductor material in which the magnetic field sensor is formed and .delta.n is a variation in time of the charge-carrier concentration n.

Abstract: A gas pressure pistol, particularly a sports pistol, comprises a compressed gas container, which is disposed below the barrel and which via a passage that is adapted to be closed by a valve communicates with the rear end of the barrel, also comprises a bolt, which is guided in a housing and is adapted to be retracted from the rear end of the barrel, and a trigger mechanism, which is accommodated in the housing and comprises a trigger lever, which is pivotally movable in a pull-off sense, a trigger blade carried by the trigger lever, a spring which opposes the movement of the trigger lever in the pull-off sense, a sear, which cooperates with the trigger lever, and a catch lever, which in a catching position interlocks with the sear and is adapted to retain a spring-loaded striker, which serves to actuate the valve.

Abstract: A device for measuring a weak magnetic field is disclosed. The device includes a substrate, a magnetic core having a high magnetic permeability and in the form of a surface film on a substrate, and at least two coils magnetically coupled to the magnetic core. A pulse generator is connected to one of the coils and is used to drive the magnetic core into intermittent saturation. The other coil is used to generate an output signal. The device can be used for measuring the weak magnetic fields associated with bank notes for identifying the values of the bank notes.

Abstract: An apparatus for filling a liquid friction pump with a liquid comprises a metering pump and plug connector means for connection to the liquid friction coupling. During a testing of the filling ratio of the liquid friction pump it may be necessary not only to supply viscous liquid to said coupling but also to withdraw viscous liquid from such coupling. For that purpose the plug connector means are preceded by a manifold, which communicates with two nonreturn valves, which normally prevent a flow of liquid from said manifold through said valves. A discharge line from the metering pump communicates with a first of said nonreturn valves. The second nonreturn valve is incorporated in a return line leading from said manifold to a reservoir, from which the metering pump is adapted to suck liquid. Said second nonreturn valve is adapted to be opened preferably by the application of pneumatic pressure for a flow in said return line from said manifold through said second valve to said reservoir.

Abstract: A heated seat comprises a molded body, a covering fabric and a first foil lining supported by the molded body, a meandering heating wire disposed in a plane adjacent the covering fabric, the heating wire being covered by a second foil. A connecting cable delivers electric current to the heating wire. The heating wire is connected to the connecting cable on a connecting plate which is disposed at a distance from the plane of the heating wire. A structural block made of a pliant material, such as a foam material, is disposed between the plane of the heating wire and the connecting plate. The connecting plate is at an angle to the plane of the heating wire and the structural block is wedge-shaped in cross-section.

Abstract: A device for displaying panty hose comprises a hollow body formed from front and back portions joined together. The front and back portions include outer surfaces contoured to simulate a human trunk and abdomen. The hollow body is somewhat flattened so that the distance between the outer surfaces of the front and back portions is less than the depth of a human trunk and abdomen. Desirably, the body includes flattened areas at its bottom resembling truncated legs. A mounting stand is formed as a basin-like bowl with a hollow into which the flattened areas of the body fit. The mounting stand also includes pockets for receiving the legs of a pair of panty hose.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for use in electrophotography in manufactured by preparing a coating material by mixing together a powder of photosensitive material, for example .alpha. or .epsilon. phthalocyanine, and a binder of a self-hardening type resin, for example a polyester resin, applying the coating material on the surface of a hollow metal cylinder to form a photosensitive layer, smoothing the surface of the photosensitive layer by applying a mechanical force, and hardening the photosensitive layer by heat or ultraviolet ray.

Abstract: An arrangement for reducing piezo-electric effects in piezo-electric effect sensitive electrical components formed in a semiconductor body is disclosed. The piezo-electric effect sensitive component or components are located in a particular zone of the semiconductor body. The semiconductor body is in general mounted on a support. However, the zone of the semiconductor body containing the piezo-electric sensitive component or components is not attached to the support but instead is separated from the support by a space. The presence of the space results in a certain degree of mechanical isolation of the part of the semiconductor body which contains the piezo-electric effect sensitive components, whereby the negative influence of the piezo-electric effect on the long term stability of an instrument utilizing the semiconductor body is reduced.