Abstract: An interlaminar sandwich comprises first and second lacquer layers, a diffraction structure embedded between the first and second lacquer layers, a heat activated adhesive layer disposed one one of the lacquer layers, and a transparent stabilization layer disposed over the other lacquer layer, the stabilization layer distributing heat evenly through the interlaminar sandwich so that when heat is applied to the stabilization layer, the adhesive layer will bond the interlaminar sandwich to a substrate. Preferably, the interlaminar sandwich also contains an intermediary layer between the stabilization layer and the first lacquer layer which bonds these layers together. At temperatures below 170.degree. C., the adhesive layer is bonded so intimately to the substrate that the interlaminar sandwich cannot be removed from the substrate without tearing it. At temperatures above 150.degree. C., the lacquer layers soften, thus destroying the diffraction structure.

Abstract: A vehicle, especially an air vehicle or water vehicle, is described which has at least one wing. This wing includes an upper and/or a lower wing covering as well as an area provided at the wing which is movable between a first position in which the air or water resistance of the wing is small and a second position in which the air or water resistance is increased. Furthermore, an actuation mechanism in engagement with the area for carrying out the movement is provided. The area is formed as deformable area and defines a portion of the upper and/or lower wing covering.

Abstract: A device for floatably guiding webs or sheets of material to be conveyed by means of nozzles supplying blown air comprises a nozzle body having at least one nozzle aperture on which a jet of blowing air emerges, and a deflecting surface disposed countersunk in the nozzle body and inclined towards the outside of the nozzle body. The deflecting surface is part of the generated surface of a conical depression in the nozzle body, and a nozzle aperture is disposed eccentrically in the conical depression so that the direction of the blowing air jet is directed towards the deflecting surface at a blowing angle which is from less than 90.degree. to parallel with the deflecting surface.

Abstract: An article of manufacture contains a substrate which supports a diffraction element divided into surface portions having optically-active microscopic relief structures. At least one pair of surface portions is mirror-symmetric with respect to the orientation of the corresponding relief structures. Each surface portion of the pair has an optically-active, microscopic, asymmetric relief structure defined by an orientation azimuth angle. The azimuth angles are 180.degree. apart. The mirror symmetric pairs constitute optical markings which are machine-readable. The readout device generates an incident light beam and contains photosensors and electronics to output the intensity difference between pairs of diffracted light beams. Alternatively, each surface portion of the diffraction element has a volume hologram rather than a microscopic relief structure for diffracting incident light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a parting device for substantially parallelipipedic bodies of deep-frozen foodstuffs or feedstuffs. For the purpose of supplying the body (4) to be parted centred to parting elements, stop rails (2, 3) which can be urged towards the body (4) to be guided are disposed on both sides thereof. The stop rails (2, 3) are mounted via sliding pins (9, 11) in bearing blocks (13, 15) and so interconnected via a transmission comprising lever arms (26, 27), control shafts (20, 21) and links (28, 29) that they can be uniformly expanded apart against the force of springs, so that bodies of any width can be supplied centred to the parting elements.

Abstract: A superhard material-metal composite product comprises a plurality of metal coated superhard particles (diamond or cubic boron nitride), and a binder alloy forming a cementing matrix which binds the coated superhard particles into a coherent mass. The binder alloy has a melting point below about 1300.degree. C. and is capable of wetting the metal coating on the superhard particles. The superhard material-metal composite product is formed by assembling the coated particles and the binder alloy in a graphite mold, and then hot pressing at temperatures and pressures well below the temperatures and pressures of the diamond forming region. The superhard component comprises about 40% to 75% by volume of the composite product. The superhard material-metal composite product is of intermediate quality and is particularly useful in earth boring bits for drilling soft rock formations having abrasive rock stringers therein.

Abstract: A scissors which may be utilized by persons having weakened hand muscles is disclosed. The scissors comprises first and second blade elements. Each of the blade elements includes a front portion having a sharp cutting edge, a middle portion and a rear portion. The blade elements are pivotally mounted at the rear portions thereof and biased by a spring member towards the open position of the scissors. First and second handles are attached to the middle portions of the first and second blade elements, respectively. The handles increase the effective widths of the middle portions of the blade elements thereby increasing the mechanical advantage of the scissors. This permits a user of the scissors to close the scissors with a smaller force.

Abstract: A cartridge comprises a cartridge case having a bottom, a top, and a hollow interior, the top being open and receiving a projectile, and the hollow interior containing a propellant charge. A metal ignition tube extends from a primer cap on the bottom of the cartridge case for about one-third the length of the cartridge case. The metal ignition tube terminates in an open end. A detonating agent is contained within the metal ignition tube, but does not completely fill it. An empty channel is formed in the propellant charge and extends from the open end of the metal ignition tube to within proximity of the projectile. Preferably, the empty channel is constituted by a closed tube having walls made from a combustible material. When the cartridge is fired, a darting flame is produced in the metal ignition tube which passes through the open end unhindered into the empty channel, thereby igniting all of the propellant charge surrounding the channel practically simultaneously.

Abstract: A container for liquids and bulk materials is made from a blank having a plurality of sets of folding lines thereon. The container comprises a substantially parallelipipedic body having side walls and laterial edges between the side walls, the lateral edges comprising a first set of folding lines of the blank, and a funnel-shaped portion on top of the body comprising faces extending from the side walls, the head portion tapering in cross-section towards a central annular opening of predetermined shape. The head portion further comprises triangular folding pockets folded inwardly along a second set of folding lines towards the interior of the head portion and outwardly along a third set of folding lines so that the folding pockets are disposed in pairs and bear along interior surfaces of the faces. The folding pockets are sealed to the interior surfaces along the interior folds and along upper edges of the folding pockets so that the folding pockets are closed off to the interior of the head portion.

Abstract: The cast metal strip is retained on both sides between supporting and conveying elements, the supporting and conveying elements comprising on one side a group of wire cables 6, 12, 18, 27 and on the other side either a similar group of wire cables 5, 24 or a cooling roller 11, 17 or a coiler 23. The wire cables 5, 6, 17, 18, 24 and 27 ensure that the cast metal strip 4 is guided with as small a contact area as possible, so that on the one hand the strip is less stressed and on the other hand can irradiate heat.

Abstract: A device for producing hollow plastic pipes having a predetermined wall thickness, includes an extruder for producing soft hollow plastic tubing from a raw material, a continuous cooling chamber disposed downstream of the extruder for hardening the soft hollow tubing into the desired plastic pipes after the wall thickness of the plastic tubing has been calibrated, an independent water cooled calibrating sleeve disposed between the extruder and the cooling chamber which adjusts the wall thickness of the soft hollow plastic tubing, the water cooled calibrating sleeve being separated from the extruder and the cooling chamber, and a thickness measuring device disposed in the gap between the calibrating sleeve and the cooling chamber. The calibrating sleeve has an inner wall in which are arranged water inlets and suction orifices distributed along the circumference and the length of the inner wall.

Abstract: A device for accepting, storing, and delivering a predetermined set of banknotes comprises a housing, a deposit opening, a delivery opening, a testing mechanism for determining the denomination of the banknotes, a banknote stockpile for storing the banknotes, and a conveying system which conveys the banknotes within the device. The banknote stockpile comprises a till having a till switch located at the till output. The conveying system includes various segments, switches, and inlets which interconnect the deposit opening, the testing mechanism, the till input, the till output, and the delivery opening. The device further includes a control system which controls the travel of the banknotes along the conveying system so that the banknotes are conveyed from the deposite opening through the testing mechanism to the till input, from the till output through the testing mechanism to the delivery opening, and from the till output back to the till input in order to restack the banknotes in the banknote stockpile.

Abstract: A limited-slip differential gear comprising a differential gear case which is adapted to be driven and in which two coaxial side gears and at least one pair of differential pinions cooperating with each other and associated with the side gears are rotatably mounted, wherein each differential pinion and the associated side gear constitute a worm gear train. In order to reduce the manufacturing costs and the overall size, the worm gear trains comprise worm gears consisting of the side gears and worms consisting of the differential pinions and the differential pinions of each pair have axes extending at an angle to each other and directly mesh with each other.

Abstract: A phase detector includes a pulse amplitude modulator and an integrator. The pulse amplitude modulator comprises a change-over switch the control input of which is fed by pulses which are subjected to mark/space modulation by means of a phase-shifted signal while the amplitude input of the pulse amplitude modulator is fed by a non-phase-shifted signal. The integrator includes an integrating amplifier, the output of which is connected by means of a capacitor to an inverting input of the integrating amplifier while the non-inverting input of the integrating amplifier is connected to ground by way of a further capacitor. The inverting and non-inverting inputs of the integrating amplifier are connected by way of respective resistors to two inputs of the integrator which in turn are connected to ground by way of respective resistors on the one hand and which on the other hand are connected by way of respective switch contacts of the change-over switch to the amplitude input of the pulse amplitude modulator.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing 2-chlorosulfinyl azetidine-4-one comprises heating a penicillin sulfoxide ester with an N-chlorohalogenating agent at a temperature of about 75.degree. C. to about 140.degree. in an inert organic solvent, and in the presence of an organic solvent insoluble, strongly basic ion exchange resin. Desirably, the ion exchange resin comprises a styrene-divinyl benzane copolymer which is about 2 to 16% cross-linked and incorporates a quaternary ammonium functionality. Such ion exchange resins are commercially available. The 2-chlorosulfinyl azetidine-4-one which is produced by this method can be cyclized in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalysts to afford the 3-exomethylene cepham sulfoxide ester in yields of 80-90%.

Abstract: A cuboid package suitable as a container for a liquid or a food comprises a body formed from a blank of packaging material having a plurality of longitudinal, transverse, and oblique groove lines thereon, said body being shaped into a base, four side walls, a flat top, and gable pocket adjoining one of the side walls and extending under the flat top so that the gable pocket lies within the cuboid outer contour of the body. The gable pocket comprises an inclined surface formed from a re-entrant fold of the blank and lateral pocket surfaces. A pouring spout or an adapter which receives a pouring spount is disposed on the inclined surface of the gable pocket.

Abstract: A system for purifying the exhaust gases of a diesel engine comprises an exhaust gas line, which is branched to form two branch lines, which are adapted to be shut off in alternation by change-over valve means. One of said branch lines constitutes a filter line, which incorporates a soot filter. The other branch line constitutes a by-pass line. Downstream of the soot filter the filter line joins the by-pass line to form a common end line. In dependence on the load on the engine, the filter line is opened by the change-over valve means only during an operation of the engine under a full load or under a partial load in excess of a predetermined value. In order to ensure that the exhaust gas will almost entirely be purified during an operation of the engine throughout its load range, an diesel soot oxidation-inducing catalyst is provided downstream of the change-over valve means and is incorporated in the by-pass line or in the common end line.

Abstract: A cartridge case comprises a metal base piece, a plastic sleeve casing, and a plastic tubular section made as a separate part extending along the inside surface of the sleeve casing. The tubular section includes a flange which extends along and is in intimate contact with an inner face of the base piece. A snap lock design locks the sleeve casing, the base piece and the tubular section together. When the cartridge case includes a flash tube fitted onto the base piece, the tubular section also includes a lip extending from the flange and in intimate contact with the outer surface of the flash tube.

Abstract: Superabrasive grits such as diamond or CBN is chemically bonded with a coating such as tungsten which is in turn bonded to a tool body providing superabrasive cutting tools such as saw blades, grinding wheels, drill bits and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for cross-cutting a treetrunk comprises gripping members which embrace the treetrunk, a feeding mechanism for moving the treetrunk in its longitudinal direction, and a saw which moves transversely to the longitudinal direction and cuts the treetrunk into predetermined lengths. One of the gripping members includes a rotatable guide roller having peripherally spaced apart teeth which engage the treetrunk. The apparatus also comprises a displacement pickup unit which ensures that the treetrunk is cut to a predetermined length. The displacement pickup unit is connected to the guide roller and detects the number of rotations of the guide roller, thereby detecting the longitudinal displacement of the treetrunk. The displacement pickup unit is located within the gripping member so that it is shielded from outside influences.