Abstract: A drive arrangement for an electric motor vehicle comprises an electric motor, a control rectifier which is connected to and controls the output of the electric motor, a gear box having at least first and second gears, and first and second positively engaging clutches, such as dog clutches, which are associated with the first and second gears. A movable actuator is also provided which causes the first and second positively engaging clutches to engage the first and second gears. A control unit is connected to the actuator and the control rectifier. The control unit receives signals indicative of the rotational speeds at the input and output sides of the gear box, and of the position of the actuator.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of and an apparatus for regulating an electrically regulated brake circuit of a multi-circuit brake mechanism. To eliminate the cost of brake pressure modulators, this invention measures the brake value of a pressure signal regulated brake circuit and transforms it into an electric brake value signal to regulate or co-regulate the electrically regulated brake circuit in a normal mode of operation by this brake value signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer processing system is disclosed which reduces particle accumulations in the wafer loading chamber during the pump down and vent cycle. A separate venting tube is provided which is positioned within the roughing tube used for the pump-down cycle. The venting tube is isolated from particulate matter which may be present in the roughing tube so that venting gas flow does not cause re-entry of the residual particulate matter into the loading chamber. The venting tube can be easily and inexpensively installed as a particle reduction kit into existing wafer processing systems.

Abstract: Information appearing in the form of analog low-voltage signals (V.sub.1 ;V.sub.2) on call lines (ML1;ML2) which represents the states of switchgears (2.1;2.2) is conveyed in parallel to a circuit block (4). The information is digitalized at certain points in time and in accordance with a predetermined voltage level as binary values "0" or "1" and is transmitted in series to a control logic unit (1). The circuit block (4) is preferably a plurality of shift registers in cascade connection. Each call line is coupled via a coupling element (3.1;3.2) to the circuit block (4) so that the circuit block (4) is not destroyed even when overvoltages occur. In the closed state of a switchgear (2.1;2.2), a signal voltage (U.sub.1 ;U.sub.2) with changeable course appears at the corresponding input (4.1;4.2) of the circuit block (4). In the open state of a switchgear (2.1;2.2), the signal voltage (U.sub.1 ; U.sub.2) is a uniform signal (U.sub.1 ;U.sub.2).

Abstract: This patent discloses a split-gate flash memory cell having a vertical isolation gate and a process for making it. The inventive cell has better control and a denser memory array than conventional cells. By use of a vertical isolation gate a smaller cell size is obtained. The memory cell has a floating gate transistor formed in a substrate having a channel extending underneath a floating gate, and a vertical isolation transistor formed in the substrate having a channel parallel to a trench holding a portion of a polysilicon control gate and orthogonal to the channel of the floating gate transistor.

Abstract: In the sub-caliber projectile proposed, the discarding cap (10) is made up of segments (11) whose bases (14) are secured between a pressure plate (15) and a pressure piece (18). In order to ensure that all the sabot segments (11) fall away reliably and precisely, the front end of each segment (11) has two surfaces (40, 41) inclined at an angle to each other in the shape of a roof to form a head (42).

Abstract: A technique for making a MOST capacitor for use in a DRAM cell utilizes silicon nodules after metal etching. The silicon nodules are used as a mask to selectively form deep grooves in a polysilicon electrode of the capacitor.

Abstract: In a method for determining the deviations of the actual position of a track (6) with respect to the desired position a first measuring unit (1), movable on the track, and a further second measuring unit (2) are placed at the two end points of a track section to be measured, and their positions as an actual track position are defined relative to track reference points (11). The second measuring unit (2) is moved in stages from a starting point in the direction of the first measuring unit (1) to the end point, wherein at every stop for implementing a measuring procedure, the measurement data of the actual track position are compared with the measurement data of the desired position and a corresponding differential value is calculated and stored. The position of the two measuring units relative to one another are determined in a coordinate system as a result of the reception of a position signal from surveying satellites.

Abstract: The present invention is a variable length decoder architecture. A bit-serial variable length decoder (VLD) receives the coded bit stream directly without buffering. The bit serial VLD determines the end of every variable length code word but does not actually decode the code words. The variable length code words are then buffered and decoded by a plurality of VLD's arranged in parallel. High throughout is achieved with a small amount of buffer capacity.

Abstract: A process and a device are disclosed for mixing-in liquid, pourable or lumpy substances into masses of foodstuffs, in particular foams or doughs. In order to ensure that neither the structure nor the form of the substances or of the foodstuff masses are modified during the mixing process, an elongated mixing container (1) contains at least two horizontal, spiral helices (4a, 4b) that turn in opposite directions, the diameters of which partially overlap without contact and the pitches of which are inclined in the direction of transport of the material to be mixed, so that a mixing section (4d), along which the substances can be mixed without pressure into the foodstuff mass, is formed between an input (9) and an output (3).

Abstract: A device for heating up electronic boards to be mounted between opposing board-guide walls having parallel guidance grooves therein and a back allowing for interconnections. The device comprises a heating element arranged in at least one of the board-guide walls on a side which is opposite to the guidance grooves, heat exchange fins associated with the heating element, and vents in the board-guide walls arranged between the guidance grooves. This arrangement allows for the circulation of heated air by the fins between the boards by natural or forced convection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing a rough and hard generated surface on a cylindrical body of rotation, more particularly a roll for metal strips. To rapidly obtain as uniform a surface roughness as possible, the body of rotation (2), acting as a cathode, is immersed over its whole length into an electrolyte (1) in a tank (3) only to such an extent that the immersed peripheral portion is narrower by a multiple than a plate-shaped anode (5) disposed opposite the body of rotation and extending over its whole length. The electrolyte can contain a substance suitable as a finishing deposit on the generated surface.

Abstract: A memory architecture for use in a video coder comprises two sets of memories and two buses. The memory architecture is used to increase the efficiency of use of a Motion Estimation Unit (MEU) in the video coder.

Abstract: A MOST capacitor for use in a DRAM cell by using non-uniform silicide formations on polysilicon to define a plurality of polysilicon pillars. Unreacted polysilicon islands are used as a mask to selectively form the pillars in the polysilicon electrode layer.

Abstract: A DCT circuit has a pre-processor stage which receives each element x.sub.ij i,j=1,2, . . . ,N, where N is an integer.gtoreq.4, of an input matrix X. The pre-processor stage simultaneously outputs Q.gtoreq.1 sequences of one or more columns of elements of a matrix A.sub.f having elements a.sub.ij =x.sub.ij +x.sub.(N-i+1)j i=1,2, . . . ,N/2, j=1,2, . . . ,N and Q.gtoreq.1 sequences of one or more columns of elements of a matrix A.sub.r having elements a.sub.ij =x.sub.(i-N/2)j -x.sub.(3N/2-i+1)j i=N/2+1, N/2+2, . . . ,N j=1,2, . . . ,N. The DCT circuit also has a 1-D DCT processing stage which simultaneously receives each of the 2Q sequences of elements outputted by the pre-processor stage, P sequences of one or more rows of elements of an N/2.times.N/2 DCT cosine coefficient matrix C.sub.1 and P sequences of rows of elements of an N/2.times.N/2 DCT cosine coefficient matrix C.sub.2. The 1-D DCT processing stage has K.gtoreq.

Abstract: A hysteresis coupling comprising a magnetic cylinder (1) made of a permanent-magnetic material and a thrust ring (4) made of a hysteresis material. The thrust ring (4) is fixedly connected to a thrust ring holder (5) and separated from the magnetic cylinder (1) by an air gap (3). The hysteresis coupling transmits the torque from a drive (7) to a pinion (9) which is part of the thrust ring holder (5). The thrust ring (4) is surrounded on its outside by non-magnetic material of high density in order to increase the moment of inertia (5) for noise reduction.

Abstract: A process for continuous casting of a metal comprises continuously withdrawing a strand of the metal from a mold along a strand withdrawal direction, measuring the expansion of an inside wall of the mold along the strand withdrawal direction to obtain a component of inside wall expansion in the strand withdrawal direction due to mechanical forces exerted on the inside wall, and controlling the speed of withdrawal based on the component of inside wall expansion in the strand withdrawal direction due to mechanical forces. If the component of inside wall expansion of in the strand withdrawal direction due to mechanical forces exceeds certain limit values, the withdrawal step is slowed or interrupted, thereby eliminating break-outs due to cobbles. In an embodiment of the invention, expansion measurements are also taken along a direction transverse to the withdrawal direction, enabling the elimination of the component of expansion in the withdrawal direction due to heat.

Abstract: An x-ray machine, such as a mammography machine, comprises a source of a narrow beam of radiation which scans across an object, e.g., a breast, to be imaged. A sensor for the narrow beam moves in the same direction as the narrow beam. The sensor generates an output signal which indicates the position of the beam relative to a specific location on the sensor. A control circuit receives the signal from the sensor and outputs a control signal to regulate the position of the beam relative to the sensor.

Abstract: A side jogging mechanism for aligning a sheet to be folded into an outsert by an outsert folding apparatus comprises a frame including first and second oppositely disposed side frame members between which the outsert folding apparatus is received, an adjustable solenoid assembly mounted on the first side frame member, and a side stop assembly mounted on the second side frame member. The solenoid assembly includes a solenoid, a plunger extending from and actuated by the solenoid, and a pusher mounted at an end of the plunger located between the first and second side frame members. The side stop assembly includes a side stop located between the first and second side frame members. The solenoid assembly further includes an adjusting mechanism, e.g., a threaded shaft and handwheel, for adjusting the position of the pusher between the first and second side frame members, which adjusting mechanism is located outside the frame. Desirably, the side stop assembly also including an adjusting mechanism, e.g.

Abstract: An x-ray machine, such as a mammography machine, comprises a source of a narrow beam of radiation which scans across an object, e.g., a breast, to be imaged. A sensor for the narrow beam moves in the same direction as the narrow beam. The sensor generates an output signal which indicates the position of the beam relative to a specific location on the sensor. A control circuit receives the signal from the sensor and outputs a control signal to regulate the position of the beam relative to the sensor.