Abstract: A process and apparatus for the braking with optimized stability of a vehicle train is disclosed. The vehicle train comprises at least two individual vehicles, one of the individual vehicles supporting the individual vehicle. The process comprises supplying energy to the brakes of the vehicles, thereby actuating the brakes and producing an actual force between the vehicles, and measuring the actual-value horizontal and vertical components (F.sub.hact, F.sub.vact) of the actual force (F.sub.act) acting between the supporting and supported vehicle. A desired-value horizontal force component (F.sub.hdes) of the force is determined by multiplying the actual-value vertical component (F.sub.vact) by the ratio of the actual-value train deceleration (b) to the earth's acceleration (g). The desired-value horizontal force component (F.sub.hdes) is then compared with the actual-value force horizontal component (F.sub.hact). The energy supplied to the brakes is adjusted so that F.sub.

Abstract: This invention comprises a system for calculating at least one vehicular traffic check parameter. The system according to the invention includes a pulse modulated radar placed at a high point at the side of the lanes to be monitored. The radar emits pulses having a frequency f.sub.o and width .tau. according to a radiation diagram. The radiation diagram is narrow in plan and sufficiently wide in elevation to cover all lanes to be monitored, and inclined in elevation and plan such that at least one range bin of the radar is included in a lane. Echo signals received by the radar are then processed by a signal processing module and a parameter extraction module. The invention is particularly useful in automobile traffic, for calculation of the number of vehicles travelling in lanes, the vehicles speed and length, etc. The advantage of the this inventive system compared with previous systems is that it enables simultaneous checking of several traffic lanes.

Abstract: A loading wagon (1) for the transport, storage and discharge of bulk material has a wagon frame (2) supported on on-track undercarriages (3) and a wagon body (5) connected to the wagon frame, there being arranged in the base region of the wagon body a base conveyor belt (7) having a drive (11). Provided adjacent thereto is a transfer conveyor belt (8) which projects over the end of the wagon frame, has an elevated discharge end (9) with respect to the wagon frame (2), and which is provided with a drive (12), with a storing or transporting direction (31) running from the base conveyor belt (7) to the transfer conveyor belt (8). An outlet opening (14) for discharging the bulk material onto the track is provided beneath the base conveyor belt (7). The drive (11) for the base conveyor belt (7) or the transfer conveyor belt (8) is designed for selective operation in the first transporting direction or in a second transporting direction running in the opposite direction thereto.

Abstract: A system is disclosed which permits simultaneous multiple switched type communications on a basic access integrated services digital network (ISDN) without changing the standard frame format for transmission on the S/T interface. Simultaneous communication by up to 2N terminal equipments is achieved by defining a multiframe of N subframes, and separately allocating each of the 2N time slots of the B-channels within the N subframes to up to 2N terminal equipments for simultaneous communication over a single S interface bus.

Abstract: Described is a sub-calibre projectile of the sabot (pusher-plate) type with discarding cap segments (11). The projectile has a pressure plate (15) with a rearwards-projecting alignment spike (16) which is inserted into a pressure piece (18). Held between the pressure plate (15) and the pressure piece (18) are the bases (24, 25) of the cap segments (11), thus enabling very high gas-pressure forces to be transmitted and the cap segments to be discarded without affecting the target accuracy of the projectile.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extrusion installation for elongate products, more particularly plastics tubes, having an extruder 1, followed by a water-cooled calibration sleeve 8 which can be acted upon by negative pressure and a wall thickness measuring device having an ultrasonic sensor 13. The characterizing feature of the invention is that the calibration sleeve 8 is preceded by a retaining device 10 by which the at least single ultrasonic sensor 13 is borne fixed or rotatable concentrically in relation to the elongate product with a predeterminable distance between its measuring head and the external surface of the elongate product 23, and the retaining device 10 has a releasable attachment sleeve 12 whose diameter so corresponds to the inlet side internal diameter of the calibration sleeve 8 that the attachment sleeve 12 performs a precalibration.

Abstract: A display device with improved color and grey scale capability employs an improved time dependent dithering technique. In the display device, each pixel is controlled so as to be illuminated only a certain number of times during a fixed display time period, the number of illuminations during the time period being dependent on the color or grey scale value of a corresponding pixel in an original image, the frame number, and a dither matrix element. Additionally, the device chooses the particular frames during which a pixel is illuminated so as to give a soft and smooth displayed image with no flashing.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a photo diode having a first electrically isolated portion of an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type, a first semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type disposed therein, a second semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type disposed in the first semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type disposed in the second semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A dual circuit brake valve system comprises first and second brake circuits, first and second combined inlet and outlet valves through which first and second braking pressures respectively are delivered to said first and second brake circuits, and first and second pistons which actuate the first and second combined inlet and outlet valves respectively. The second piston is actuated by the first braking pressure which serves as a control pressure therefor. To achieve simultaneous actuation of the first and second combined inlet and outlet valves, a compression spring is installed between the first and second pistons and mechanically connects these to each other. Thereby, a pressure difference of .DELTA.p between the pressure in the first brake circuit and the pressure in the second brake circuit, which approaches zero, is achieved. In order to be able to increase the pressure difference .DELTA.p in the two brake circuits, a third piston is provided between the first and second pistons.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the desulphurization treatment of a pig iron melt in a container. The characterizing feature of the invention is that the treatment is performed in three phases:In the initial phase such solids are injected that deoxidize the initial slag and increase its basicity and also produce a circulatory movement of the melt and form a basic deoxidized cover slag. In the middle phase the desulphurizing agent is injected for the main desulphurization and in the final phase such solids are injected that purify the melt and produce a final desulphurization and also so influence the desulphurization slag formed that its content of iron granules is low.

Abstract: A color filter is made by depositing a plurality of interference films on a substrate of black matrix material. The films are then selectively etched so that different numbers of films are removed at different locations. The color of the filter at a particular location depends on the number of films remaining at the location after etching.

Abstract: A process for determining a safety margin with respect to adhesion between tires and roadway of a travelling motor vehicle comprises, detecting longitudinal and transverse acceleration values (ax, ay), a rotational wheel acceleration value (Phi), and a dynamic steering angle value, and producing signals indicative thereof. A longitudinal adhesion value (Six) is determined as a function of the longitudinal acceleration (ax) and the rotational wheel acceleration (Phi), while a transverse adhesion value (Siy) is determined as a function of the transverse acceleration (ay) and the dynamic steering angle. Maximum attainable longitudinal and transverse acceleration values (axLIM, ayLIM) are next determined by multiplying the longitudinal and transverse acceleration values (Six, Siy) by vehicle specific coefficients (Kx, Ky) and a limit curve (aLIM), e.g., an ellipse, is established.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cabling arrangement with multi-lead cables and multi-pole plug-in units for connecting terminals of a central terminal box to the contacts of at least two adjoining multi-pole contact units of electrically controlled actuators. Each of the multi-pole contact units is provided with a ground contact and/or safety contact and at least one control contact. In order to reduce the expenditure in cables and to improve accessibility of the cables with respect to failure detection, a multi-lead main cable going from the central terminal box to the first contact unit is provided, containing a number of control conductors corresponding to the number of control contacts of the multi-pole contact units as well as a common ground conductor and/or a common safety conductor. A multi-pole plug-in unit is provided for connecting the contacts of the first contact unit with the respective ground and/or safety conductors as well as the appertaining control conductors of the main cable.

Abstract: A device for optically displaying the pressure of a medium comprises a housing, a piston within the housing which is movable along a longitudinal axis against a restoring force, and an optically transparent element within the housing having a display surface which is visible from outside the housing. An inner wall of the optically transparent element delimits a cavity which is open towards the piston. A surface of a first color, e.g., green, is mounted on the piston and is movable therewith, the colored surface being received within the cavity of the optically transparent element. The optically transparent element includes a circumferential zone of a second color, e.g., red, which colored zone is not directly visible from outside the housing through the display surface.

Abstract: An interengaging clutch comprises first and second rotatable clutch halves, the first clutch half being a driven clutch element connected to a first wheel drive train and being movable along an axial direction, the second clutch half being a driving clutch element and being connected to a main drive train and to a second wheel drive train. The clutch halves have circumferentially disposed dogs or teeth with intermeshing contact surfaces for engaging the clutch halves together so that torque can be transmitted from the second clutch half to the first clutch when they are interengaged and rotating at different rotational speeds. Connected to the first clutch half is a unidirectional servo component which is pressure actuated on one side only so as to move the first clutch half into engagement with the second clutch. The interengaging clutch further includes first and second rotational speed sensors which produce signals indicative of the rotational speeds of the clutch halves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the hardening of elongate workpieces by means of an inductor 19. The apparatus comprises a rotary ring 3 mounted to rotate around a horizontal axis in a hardening basin 1 and having a number of retaining devices 11 by means of which each of individual workpieces 16 is retained horizontally and rotatably around its longitudinal axis. To improve the hardening result and increase the degree of automation of the apparatus and process, associated with each retaining device 11 for connection to a central driving shaft 2 is an adjustable clutch-brake unit 7, and the retaining device 11 is drivable by the driving shaft 2 in a first position, is uncoupled from the driving shaft 2 and freely rotatable in a second position and is braked in relation to the rotary ring 3 in a third position. By these steps each of the workpieces 16 disposed on the rotary ring 3 can perform rotary movements independently of one another.

Abstract: A controller and method for refreshing a display device with data linearly stored in a video memory having a row addressable memory array and serial access memory are disclosed. The circuit for controlling the video memory includes a row address generator for addressing a row of data in the memory array. A circuit is provided for initiating a split row transfer of a half addressed row of the memory array to the corresponding half of the serial access memory while data are shifted out of the other half of the serial access memory. A tap pointer generator is also provided to alternatively point to the different halves of the memory array rows.

Abstract: In an optical device for determining parameters that give the orientation of any solid within a given space, a first solid is fitted with at least one single-beam device producing a beam of light rays substantially parallel to a direction u.sub.i known in a coordinate system R.sub.s bound to the first solid, said beam of light rays containing an item of information that enables direction u.sub.i to be determined, and a second solid is fitted with at least one elementary sensor capable of picking up light rays originating substantially from a direction parallel to V.sub.j known in a coordinate system R.sub.o ; each sensor includes means for reading the information in the beam it has picked up when directions u.sub.i and V.sub.j correspond and the information thus read is processed to extract the parameters giving the orientation of coordinate system R.sub.s relative to coordinate system R.sub.o.

Abstract: A far-end echo path may be simulated at a terminal which utilizes QAM by processing the in-phase and quadrature data symbols by a pulse shaping filter whose transfer function may be a raised cosine function. The in-phase and quadrature data symbols are then multiplied by cos (.omega..sub.c +.omega..sub.o)t and sin (.omega..sub.c +.omega..sub.o)t, respectively, where .omega..sub.c is the carrier frequency and .omega..sub.o is the adaptively determined offset frequency of the far-end echo signal. The output signals of the multipliers are then summed and the result is processed by a single transversal filter whose transfer function is determined adaptively. The output of this filter is a simulated far-end echo signal.