Abstract: A method is disclosed for hot pressing agglomerated materials in a pressing assembly having walls which can be reactive with the material to be pressed under the environmental, temperature, and pressure conditions to be experienced by the material at the interface with the pressing assembly walls. After a plurality of generally flat stackable billets (10-20) of the powdered material are formed and stacked in a pressing assembly (21) in a predetermined aligned order, a barrier wall (30) is interposed between the interface of the billets and pressing assembly along at least a zone (26) in which a temperature of 1600.degree.-1750.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 3000 psi will be experienced at the interface during hot pressing. The billets are then hot pressed to a desirable density and removed, leaving the assembly walls in a substantially unreacted condition.

Abstract: A method of attaching a metal shaft (10) to a ceramic shaft (12) having a first diameter (d.sub.1) is characterized by the following steps. A shaft portion (16) is formed on the ceramic shaft with a second diameter (d.sub.2) less than the first diameter. The shaft portion extends from a free end (18) thereof along a portion of the length of the ceramic shaft to a terminal end (20) thereof. A circular shaped metal lock nut (22) is placed on the shaft portion in an encircling relationship therewith. This lock nut has threads (24) on an outer facing surface thereof and a back end (26) which contacts the terminal end of the shaft portion. A circular shaped expansion sleeve (28) is placed on the shaft portion in an encircling relationship therewith, the expansion sleeve extending from the metal lock nut to the free end of the shaft portion.

Abstract: A method of making ductile cast iron with a matrix of acicular ferrite and bainite is disclosed. A melt by weight of 3.0-3.6% carbon, 3.5-5.0% silicon, 0.7-5.0% nickel, 0-0.3% Mo, >0.015% S, >0.06% P (remainder Fe) is subjected to a nodularizing agent and solidified. The iron is then heat treated by heating to 1575.degree.-1650.degree. F. for 1-3 hours, quenched to 400.degree.-775.degree. F. at a rate of at least 275.degree. F./min., held for 0.5-4 hours, and cooled to room temperature. The resulting ductile iron exhibits a yield strength of at least 80 ksi, a tensile strength of at least 140 ksi, elongation of at least 6%, and a hardness of at least 270 BHN.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a method of reducing the green density of an article cast from a casting slip containing silicon metal particles. The method is characterized by the step of adding to the casting slip ingredients a cationic polymer having a molecular weight in a range from 1,000 to 50,000. The cationic polymer is effective in the casting of the slip to form bridges between the silicon metal particles which keeps the particles from packing so closely together, whereby the green density of the cast article is lower and the article is more easily nitrided completely in thick section articles.

Abstract: A method of making a heat fused silicon nitride comprising object is disclosed. A series of measured powder shots are containerized to be carried in the container between the nitriding and heat fusing steps. The containerization comprises lining the internal wall of a graphitic sleeve, treated for inertness, with a refractory metal foil essentially impervious to migration of carbon ions and having a thickness of 0.2 inches or less. A series of measured shots, of a powder mixture of silicon and oxygen carrying agents, is inserted into the assembly, each shot being separated by an inert spacer. The assembly is subjected to a nitriding treatment and subsequently hot pressed/or sintered.

Abstract: The disclosed method is one for applying an opaque screening area (46) to a surface of a glass sheet (40). The method is initiated by applying to the surface of the glass sheet a masking material (42) which defines the edges of the opaque screening area. The masking material is nonreactive with the glass surface and is heat decomposable into products which can be removed from the glass surface without damage thereto. The masking material extends away from the defined edges of the opaque screening area to provide a wide area of masking material. A ceramic-containing material is applied on areas of the surface of the glass sheet to which the opaque screening areas are to be applied. The ceramic-containing material also coats at least a part of the masking material.

Abstract: A method of strengthening ferritic ductile iron castings while maintaining ductility at a high level is disclosed. An iron alloy melt is cast consisting essentially of by weight 3.9-6.0% Si, 3.0-3.5% C, 0.1-0.3% Mn, 0-0.35% Mo, at least 1.25% Ni, no greater than 0.015% S and 0.6% P, the remainder Fe, the melt having been subjected to a nodularizing agent to form graphite nodules upon solidification. The cast alloy is heat treated to provide a fully ferritic microstructure with 9-14% by volume graphite, a yield strength of at least 75,000 psi, a tensile strength of at least 95,000 psi, and an elongation of at least 17%.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a glass spandrel product which finds particular utility as a device for enclosing a building. In accordance with preferred teachings of the invention, the new product includes light-transmitting glass sheet having first and second surfaces. A tape is also provided which is attached to one of the surfaces of the light-transmitting glass sheet. The tape is formed from an organic based strip material having good elongation strength and tensile strength characteristics and an organic adhesive which bonds the strip material to the surface of the glass sheet. The organic based strip material may be of a selected color so that the glass sheet has a desired color when viewed through the surface not having the tape bonded thereto.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a method of obtaining coated glass articles having a desired shading coefficient with the most economical thickness of coating composition applied thereto. The method taught is characterized by the following steps. A plurality of glass samples are coated with a selected coating composition. This coating operation is carried on the various glass samples in a manner such that the glass samples have different coating thicknesses of the selected coating composition. The thickness of the coating composition on each glass sample, along with the resulting shading coefficient, is measured. The correlation is made between the thickness of coating and the resulting shading coefficient. The correlation is one which will define two separate functions interconnected by a transition point. A first function (1) is one in which the shading coefficient decreases with increasing coating thickness.

Abstract: The method concerns forming a relatively stable slip of silicon metal particles and yttrium containing particles. In one embodiment, a casting slip of silicon metal particles is formed in water. Particles of a yttrium containing sintering aid are added to the casting slip. The yttrium containing sintering aid is a compound which has at least some solubility in water to form Y.sup.+3 ions which have a high potential for totally flocculating the silicon metal particles into a semiporous solid. A small amount of a fluoride salt is added to the casting slip which contains the yttrium containing sintering aid. The fluoride salt is one which will produce fluoride anions when dissolved in water. The small amount of the fluoride anions produced are effective to suppress the flocculation of the silicon metal particles by the Y.sup.

Abstract: This specification discloses an improvement to the construction of an elongated turbulator radiator tube (114) and a radiator construction produced thereby. In general, the turbulator radiator tube has a first principal heat transfer surface (120) and a second principal heat transfer surface (122), both of which have a first edge (124) and a second edge (126). Interconnecting surfaces (128) and (130) are provided for independently interconnecting both the first edges and the second edges of the first principal heat transfer surface and the second principal heat transfer surface. The improved construction is characterized in the following manner. Each of the principal heat transfer surfaces having a plurality of flow diverting members (152) placed along the length thereof. Each of the flow diverting members is deformed from the principal heat transfer surfaces toward the interior of the tube.

Abstract: An apparatus combination for improving the starting mode of a starter for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The combination comprises a supporting means effective to support the starting motor armature, both for rotary movement about an axis within the field winding and for axial movement in response to the axially directed magnetic forces of the winding. Friction means are employed to sequentially engage each of two conical surfaces carried by the member to be driven by the starter motor, such sequential engagement being in response to the axial movement of the armature. Means are also disclosed to assist the frictional engagement between the conical surfaces of the driven member by use of a resilient ring which allows full metal-to-metal contact between the friction means and driven member, but also provides extended interengagement with the friction means by distortion of the ring along a tangent to the friction means.

Abstract: A rechargeable cell is disclosed which is characterized in the following manner. A positive electrode is formed from a manganese oxide electrode material. This manganese oxide electrode material contains a heavy metal selected from the group comprising lead, bismuth, and mixtures of lead and bismuth. The cell also contains a negative electrode of zinc. A separator is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An alkaline electrolyte consisting essentially of an alcohol and an alkaline hydroxide is also contained in the rechargeable cell in contact with both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Abstract: A dry method of conditioning spent foundry sand is disclosed. After having sized the sand and removal of tramp metallic elements, the sand is subjected to a sequence of squeezing under a high-stress low kinetic energy system for a period of 5-30 minutes, and then propelled against a target with high-kenitic energy in the presence of a suction for several minutes. This sequence can be preferably repeated to increase the quality of the resulting product which should have 0.1% or less of fine particles, a pH of 6-9, a clay content and organic combustible content of substantially zero. The reclaimed sand will exhibit a density of at least 100 grams/biscuit when compacted for core making or molding.

Abstract: An electric heater plate is disclosed which is formed on one surface of a base material. A plurality of thin lines of a nonprecious material which acts as a resistor when electrical energy flows therethrough is bonded to the first surface of the base material and extends from a first location thereon to a second location thereon. At least two interconnection areas of a non-precious metal which acts as a resistor when electrical energy flows therethrough are provided. These interconnection areas are bonded to the first surface of the base material with one interconnection area interconnecting the plurality of thin lines at the first location and the second of the interconnection areas interconnecting the plurality of thin lines at the second location on the first surface of the base material. A termination area of silver ceramic material is associated with each of the interconnection areas. Each of the terminal areas is in contact with an associated interconnection area.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a drain construction for a radiator (10) and is built generally as follows. A header (12) includes a drain area (16) which is used to drain fluid from the interior of the header when so desired. The drain area includes a first annular pipe (24) extending into the interior fluid handling portion (20) of the header as well as a larger diameter second annular pipe (30) extending outwardly from the header. The two annular pipes are plugged by a plug (40) which has a lower portion (42) and an upper portion (44). Passageways (56, 58) are provided through the plug in order to facilitate draining of the header. When the plug is rotated to its proper position with the passageways in alignment with a passageway (38) of a third annular pipe (36), fluid may be drained from the radiator. When these passageways are not aligned, fluid is contained within the header.

Abstract: This specification discloses a process for treatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine. The process has the following general steps. A hydrocarbon fuel is burned in an internal combustion engine to generate exhaust gases containing various amounts of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. The generated exhaust gases are passed over an improved catalyst system characterized as follows. The catalyst system has a support medium for supporting the same. The support medium has both an upstream support portion over which exhaust gases initially flow and a downstream support portion over which exhaust gases flow after passing over the upstream support portion thereof. Finely divided palladium is dispersed by itself on the upstream support portion of the support medium. The downstream support portion of the support medium has a platinum/rhodium three-way catalyst thereon.

Abstract: A method of making a die cast aluminum based engine block with a closed deck is disclosed. A core assembly having at least one water soluble alkaline metal salt core member is stationed on a bore die of a die casting assembly for the block. The core assembly also preferably comprises an iron cylindrical liner centered within the salt core member by an aluminum mesh collar which dissolves in the cast metal during high pressure aluminum die casting. The salt core member is fabricated by die casting under pressure and heat to form a shaped body which, as a core, cooperated to define a substantially closed chamber to serve as the water jacket for the block. The salt core member is removed from the cast block by water dissolution admitted through small port openings in the closed deck block to form a brine, which brine is then washed out of such port openings.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling and varying the closing force of intake or exhaust valves for an internal combustion engine. Hydraulic system, responsive to a minimum high speed condition of the engine, is used to increase the spring rate of the valve closing springs. The hydraulic system also reduces the spring rate when the engine falls below such speed condition. A spring biased idler pulley is also used to maintain adequate tension on a belt, providing drive to the camshaft for the valves. Adjustment apparatus is associated with the spring biased idler pulley for controllably increasing the spring rate for biasing when the engine speed is above a minimum condition and for decreasing the spring rate when the engine speed is below the minimum condition.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of forming a high performance reflective film on a glass sheet. The glass sheet is one which is at a temperature sufficiently high to pyrolyze an organic based, metal containing glass coating composition coming into contact therewith. An organic based, heated pyrolyzable, dual metal containing glass coating composition is directed against a surface of the heated glass sheet. The dual metals in this coating composition are cobalt and iron. The dual metals are present in the coating composition by weight percentage of dual metals in a range from 97% cobalt/3% iron to 90% cobalt/10% iron, preferably 96% cobalt/4% iron to 92% cobalt/8% iron, and most preferably 95% cobalt/5% iron to 93% cobalt/7% iron.