Abstract: A method of placing a metal oxide film on a surface of a heated glass substrate (16) is disclosed. The glass substrate is one which is being moved in a selected direction from a glass manufacturing process (20) and is one which would have a temperature in a range from 700.degree.-1200.degree. F. (370.degree.-650.degree. C.). The method is accomplished by spraying a heat decomposable, organic based metal salt onto the glass ribbon. The spray powder is delivered by means of a gaseous stream to a location spaced above the moving substrate. The spray powder is then accelerated from the location spaced above the moving glass substrate. The acceleration is accomplished by entraining the spray powder in a high velocity stream of air. The accelerated spray powder is directed downwardly toward the moving glass substrate and longitudinally along the selected direction of movement of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A chemically regenerable redox fuel cell is disclosed. This fuel cell is one in which the oxidant is oxygen and the fuel is hydrogen. A catholyte solution is used. The catholyte solution is one which is reoxidized from a reduced state to an oxidized state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to oxygen. An anolyte solution is also used. This anolyte solution is one which is reduced from an oxidized state to a reduced state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to hydrogen. Structure is provided for containing in separate containers the catholyte solution and the anolyte solution, and for providing oxygen to the catholyte solution and hydrogen to the anolyte solution. A suitable cationic exchange membrane is housed in a housing and provided with volumes on opposite sides of the membrane for the catholyte solution and anolyte solution so that the necessary exchanges may take place to form the redox cell.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for developing a coating film on a surface of a sheet of glass. Generally the sheet of glass is heated to a temperature in the range of 510.degree.-625.degree. C. The process is characterized by the step of engaging the surface of the heated glass sheet with a powder spray composition. The powder spray composition comprises a plurality of hollow, generally spherical particles. Each of the particles is formed from heat decomposable, organo-metallic salts of at least two metals. Preferred teachings indicate that the organo-metallic salts are salts of cobalt, iron and chromium.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to a combustion process. This method has the following steps. An oxygen sensor station is established at which the sensor senses the difference in oxygen partial pressure from a first reference side thereof to a second oxygen measurement side thereof. The oxygen sensor is maintained at a predetermined temperature and at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The oxygen sensor is calibrated so that the measurement thereby of an EMF between the first reference side thereof and the second oxygen measurement side thereof is indicative of the oxygen partial pressure in a gas stream passing by the oxygen measurement side thereof. A sample gas stream is drawn into the pressure across the second oxygen measurement side of the oxygen sensor. This pressure is one which allows samples to be drawn at a constant flow rate independent of that pressure. A fixed amount of oxygen is added to the sample gas stream.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of using an exhaust gas catalyst for treatment of exhaust gases developed by burning a hydrocarbon based fuel in an internal combustion engine. These exhaust gases contain varying amounts of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen depending upon the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. This specification teaches use of an improved catalyst composition in which a support medium is provided for supporting the catalyst system, the support medium having an upstream support portion and a downstream support portion over which the exhaust gases pass in succession. The upstream support portion of the support medium has palladium deposited thereon and the downstream support portion of the support medium has tungsten deposited thereon. The catalyst system has particular utility as a three-way catalyst operating at approximately stoichiometric conditions or as a catalyst for use in conjunction with the fast burn engines or as an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A thermally stable, oxidation resistant ceramic Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 material is disclosed. The material has a substantially pure primary phase formed of substantially pure silicon nitride. A substantially pure secondary phase of the material is formed of a material selected from the group consisting essentially of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /SiO.sub.2 /4Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /SiO.sub.2 /2Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /4SiO.sub.2 /5Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. The primary phase may be in the form of individual grains and the secondary phase may be in the form of grain boundaries between the individual grains.

Abstract: An electrically heated backlite is formed on a glass sheet An opaque, electrically nonconductive coating is bonded to at least two portions of the glass sheet which are spaced apart from one another. Each portion of the nonconductive coating has at least one open area therein. An electrical resistance heater line having spaced terminal ends extends from one portion of the nonconductive coating to the other portion of the nonconductive coating. Each one of the terminal ends of the heater line is overlying and bonded to at least a part of one of the portions of the electrically nonconductive coating and also overlying and bonded to all of the surface of the glass sheet exposed in the open area formed in the portions of the nonconductive coating. An electrical conductor is bonded to the terminal end of the heater line at a location where the terminal end overlies the surface of the glass sheet exposed in the open area of the nonconductive coating in order to increase the bond strength.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for decreasing fuel consumption in a variably loaded, two cycle internal combustion engine. Fluid communication is provided between the working cylinder and air chamber during the upward stroke of the engine up to about 85.degree.-105.degree. BTDC, during which time the cylinder gases can flow back into the air chamber reducing engine friction as a result of a delay in the rise of the cylinder gas pressure during compression and a reduction in the peak compression pressure.

Abstract: An actively controlled vehicular suspension system is disclosed. The system has at least one gas filled distensible suspension member to which is attached a distensible belt that changes curvature in relation to the curvature of the suspension member. The belt has V-shaped grooves spaced longitudinally along the belt each groove carrying metallic contacts which close a conductor path when a change in curvature of the belt closes the associated groove. The distensible suspension member is changed in pressure in response to the closing of the conductor path to adjust the suspension system.

Abstract: A process for improving alloying efficiency in making powder alloy sintered compacts is disclosed. A master alloy (non-iron-based) powder is formulated for admixture in small amounts (2.5-6.0%) to a relatively pure iron based powder and free carbon powder to provide liquid phase sintering and production of a substantially homogeneous product having the characteristics of a wrought alloy product. The master alloy powder is inert gas atomized and chemically constituted to contain at least two elements selected from the group consisting of and in the percentage ranges for the alloy powder of manganese (40-72%), nickel (12-30%), molybdenum (5-11%), chromium (3-20%), copper and iron (1-40%. The master alloy powder may contain additions of a wetting agent, silicon up to 3% and rare earth metals up to 2%, either of which assist to speed up diffusion and create a more favorable liquidus-solidus relationship within the master alloy powder.

Abstract: A high temperature wear resistant material is disclosed for use in engine components such as an exhaust valve seat insert to reduce high temperature exhaust valve seat wear. The material consists by weight of about 40-70% Cu, about 20-60% Ni, about 3-14% Al and up to about 1.5% other alloying ingredients with normal processing impurities.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in this specification for forming a densified silicon nitride article. The method is initiated by forming a reaction bonded article of moderate density. This moderate density reaction bonded article has a primary phase of substantially pure grains of silicon nitride surrounded by a secondary grain boundary phase. The secondary grain boundary phase contains silicon nitride, silicon dioxide and a densification aid incorporated in the reaction bonded article of moderate density. The compounds forming the secondary grain boundary phase are present either in their pure forms or interacted with one another. The reaction bonded article is packed in a packing powder which contains portions of the pure compounds found in or interacted with one another to define the secondary grain boundary phase.

Abstract: A method of initially assembling and then subsequently hermetically sealing a container portion of an alkali metal battery to a ceramic portion of such a battery is disclosed. Sealing surfaces are formed respectively on a container portion and a ceramic portion of an alkali metal battery. These sealing surfaces are brought into juxtaposition and a material is interposed therebetween. This interposed material is one which will diffuse into sealing relationship with both the container portion and the ceramic portion of the alkali metal battery at operational temperatures of such a battery. A pressure is applied between these sealing surfaces to cause the interposed material to be brought into intimate physical contact with such juxtaposed surfaces. A temporary sealing material which will provide a seal against a flow of alkali metal battery reactants therethrough at room temperatures and is applied over the juxtaposed sealing surfaces and material interposed therebetween.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for obtaining a preferred multi-component metallic oxide coating on the surface of a glass substrate by pyrolytic coating techniques. In a pyrolytic coating technique, a heat decomposable, non-homogeneous, dry powder mixture of organic based metallic salts is sprayed against the surface of the glass substrate while the surface is at a temperature in the range from 700.degree. F. (370.degree. C.) to 1200.degree. F. (650.degree. C.). In accordance with the general teachings of this specification, the methods are initiated by selecting a preferred composition for the metallic oxide coating to be developed on the surface of the substrate. Different spraying compositions under a single set of spraying conditions or a single spray composition under different sets of spraying conditions are applied to test substrates to develop test specimens.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of converting tangled ribbons of ductile machining scrap into a densified intermediate product useful for making metal powder. A collection of the scrap having a packing density less than 50 lbs/ft.sup.3 is subjected to impacting forces between weighted, freely moving elements and an anvil means for progressively flattening the scrap. The impacting is repeated to substantially flatten all of the scrap and reduce some of the ribbons by fatigue breakage to chips; the resulting processed scrap will have a packing density in excess of 90 lbs/ft.sup.3.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of using an exhaust gas catalyst for treatment of exhaust gases developed by burning a hydrocarbon based fuel in an internal combustion engine. These exhaust gases contain varying amounts of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen depending upon the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. This specification teaches the use of an improved catalyst composition in which a support medium is provided for supporting the catalyst system, the support medium having an upstream support portion and a downstream support portion over which the exhaust gases pass in succession. The upstream support portion of the support medium has deposited thereon palladium and the downstream support portion of the support medium has deposited thereon palladium and tungsten. Tungsten is present on the downstream support portion of the support medium in a quantity such that tungsten is available to substantially all of the palladium on that portion of the support medium.

Abstract: A method of pressing sheet material utilizing counterpad pressure to eliminate springback is disclosed. The sheet material is sequentially bent at pairs of bend radii during first and second increments of striking. The first increment of striking is carried out with little or no counterpad pressure to permit a curvilinear section to form immediately beneath the male punch member due to the bending moment. The second increment of striking is carried out with a positive counterpad pressure effective to flatten the curvilinear section and thereby space the second pair of bend radii from the first pair. Residual springback from the first bending action subtracts from the springback of the second bending to reduce the resultant springback in the product.

Abstract: This specification teaches a basic method of obtaining on a continuous basis an instantaneous indication of the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being fed to a combustion process. The process may take place in an internal combustion engine or, for example, in a power plant. Modifications of the method are taught to obtain such information as the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel being burned in the combustion process, the oxygen equivalence of the air/fuel mixture being burned, the air mass flow through the combustion process, the fuel mass flow through the combustion process, instantaneous fuel economy of a vehicle in which a combustion process is being carried out to propel the vehicle, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases from the combustion process.

Abstract: A method of determining if an internal combustion engine has been operated on a leaded fuel. The method has the following general steps. A misfueling detector is formed from a material which is capable of interacting with lead when exhaust gases containing lead are passed thereover. The interacting lead alters at least one measurable characteristic of the misfueling detector. The misfueling detector is placed in an exhaust system and exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are allowed to pass thereover. The misfueling detector is removed from the exhaust system and the measurable characteristic thereof is measured to determine whether or not the misfueling detector had absorbed lead therein while located in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A thin-walled exhaust gas manifold casting structure for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The manifold is comprised of nodular iron and has walls defining a plurality of inlet ducts interconnecting with a shallow elliptical outlet duct, the walls having a generally uniform thickness in the range of 0.12-0.15 inches. An integrally cast rib extends across at least a plurality of inlet ducts to reduce thermal flexing in service. The rib, subsequent to casting, is bored to define a hollow cylinder having ports communicating with most of the inlet ducts for carrying a secondary air supply.