Abstract: Processes for wood treatment using mono- and bifunctional perfluoropolyether compounds as additives in formulations for the wood treatment, said perfluoropolyether compounds having the structures: Rf—O—CFY—L—W  (C) W—L—YFC—O—RfO—CFY—L—W  (D) wherein: L is an organic group selected from —CH2—(OCH2CH2)n—, —CO—NR′—, with R′═H or C1-C4 alkyl group; n=0-8; Y═F, CF3; W is selected from C1-C50 alkyl groups, optionally containing one or more ether O, C6-C50 aryl groups, C7-C50 alkyl-aryl or aryl-alkyl groups; Rf is a perfluoropolyether radical.

Abstract: The engagement force of an electromagnetic clutch can be precisely controlled at a target engagement force by a simple structure even when an air gap of the electromagnetic clutch varies. An electromagnetic clutch control system includes magnetic flux density sensors, a target engagement force calculating device, a target magnetic flux density calculating device, and a feedback control device. The target magnetic flux density calculating device calculates a target magnetic flux density &phgr;t based on a target engagement force Tt of electromagnetic clutches calculated by the target engagement force calculating device. The current supplied to the electromagnetic clutches is feedback controlled by the feedback control device so that an actual magnetic flux density &phgr; detected by the magnetic flux density sensors agrees with the target magnetic flux density &phgr;t.

Abstract: The operational transconductance amplifier comprises a MOS field-effective transistor that controls the mutual conductance. The central voltage measurement circuit and the voltage addition circuit shift a gate voltage of the MOS field-effective transistor by an amount equal to the deviation of a source voltage of the MOS field-effective transistor caused by an input offset voltage Voff.

Abstract: A control system for a fuel cell includes a vapor generation unit, a fuel reforming unit, a fuel supply unit, a combustion unit, a fuel vapor temperature detection unit, a temperature detection unit, a current detection unit, and a control unit. The vapor generation unit produces a fuel vapor by vaporizing a liquid fuel. The fuel reforming unit reforms the fuel vapor to produce a hydrogen-enriched fuel. The fuel supply unit supplies the reformed fuel to the fuel cell. The control unit calculates quantity of heat retained by the vapor generation unit based on the temperature of the fuel vapor, the temperature of the combustion unit, and the generated current. The control unit also controls a fuel supply command value for the fuel supply unit and/or a current generation command value for the fuel cell based on the calculated quantity of heat retained by the vapor generation unit.

Abstract: A control system for controlling an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation mechanism consisting of an exhaust gas recirculation passage connected between the exhaust passage and the intake passage of the engine, and an exhaust gas recirculation valve provided in the recirculation passage for controlling an exhaust gas amount to be recirculated. Control parameter(s) of the engine are calculated according to operating conditions of the engine. An amount of change in the intake pressure between when opening the exhaust gas recirculation valve and when closing the exhaust gas recirculation valve, in the fuel-cut operation, is calculated. The abnormality of the exhaust gas recirculation mechanism is determined according to the amount of change in the intake pressure. The engine is controlled by using the control parameter suitable for a closed condition of the exhaust gas recirculation valve during a predetermined time period.

Abstract: Techniques for geometric deformations in computer graphics are described, including a flexible and general modular methodology for constructing, analyzing, and evaluating geometric warps and deformations. Described techniques include establishing a set of source/target features (and related information) or parameter set for controlling deformation of a graphical model; a set of strength fields are established for controlling how strongly the transformation caused by the mapping of source feature to target feature will be applied to model points. A set of weighting fields modulates the influence of multiple source/target feature mappings on model points. Also described are variations on this technique that allow achieving results similar to conventional methods and additional functionality.

Abstract: A ball paddle game apparatus (10) has a game machine (12) connected to a television monitor. (18). A paddle key (28a-28d) is provided on a game machine (12). On the game screen of the monitor, a ball moves on the ball movement route in the number corresponding to the number of paddles. A paddle is displayed on the moving route. At the push of a paddle key (28), the corresponding paddle hits the ball. If the timing of operating a paddle key (28) and the timing of a ball movement agrees, then it is a success. If not, then it is a failure.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay including a base including a receptacle, an electromagnet assembly incorporated in the base, and a contact section incorporated in the base to be actuated by the electromagnet assembly. The contact section includes a fixed contact member located away from the electromagnet assembly at at least a predetermined insulating distance, and a movable contact member located opposite to the fixed contact member at a position further away from the electromagnet assembly than the fixed contact member. The fixed contact member is provided with a fixed contact portion, a first terminal portion, a fitting portion arranged between the fixed contact portion and the first terminal portion, the fitting portion being fitted and inserted in a lateral direction into the receptacle of the base, and an extending portion arranged between the fitting portion and the first terminal portion, the extending portion extending to be exposed outside from the receptacle.

Abstract: A front side frame is disposed with one end portion in the axial direction butted against the side surface of a front bumper beam. A joint member is provided therebetween. The front bumper beam and the joint member are coupled by screwing nuts provided in the end plate part and coupling bolts. Clips with a nut are spring-engaged to either of coupling pieces of the joint member or the outer wall of the side frame. The front side frame and the joint member are coupled by coupling bolts by screwing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin-film magnetic head, includes the steps of: forming, on a lower auxiliary pole, a three-layer pole tip structure consisting of a lower pole tip element, a recording gap layer and an upper pole tip element; depositing a lower insulating layer on the three-layer pole tip structure; polishing the lower insulating layer by chemical-mechanical polishing so that a top surface of the lower insulating layer is leveled lower than a top of the three-layer pole tip structure over at least a region within which a coil conductor is formed; forming the coil conductor on the lower insulating layer; forming an upper insulating to cover the coil conductor; and forming an upper auxiliary pole so that a part of which contacts to the upper pole tip element.

Abstract: An intake system in a V-type 4-stroke engine for an outboard engine system is provided. A crankshaft of the engine is disposed vertically, and heads of left and right banks are disposed to face rearwards. The engine is covered with an engine hood. In the intake system, an intake air inlet is provided in an upper portion of a longitudinally flat intake air dispensing box disposed between the left and right banks and a rear wall of the engine hood, and leads to an intake passageway in a throttle body. The inside of the intake air dispensing box is divided by a partition wall into first and second dispensing chambers communicating with the intake air inlet and extending longitudinally. An on-off valve is mounted on the partition wall and is capable of bringing the first and second dispensing chambers into and out of communication with each other. Intake ports are provided in the left and right banks to communicate with the first and second dispensing chambers, respectively.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a transistor that controls, according to the resistance of the load externally connected to the output terminal thereof, the current fed to the base of an output-stage transistor for driving the load to turn it on. In this circuit configuration, even if a base current of the output-stage transistor is so determined as to permit the semiconductor device to drive the heaviest permissible load, only a reduced amount of extra current is fed to the base of the output-stage transistor when it is turned on with a light load connected to the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method is described for the direct, exponential amplification and sequencing (“DEXAS”) of a DNA molecule from a complex mixture of nucleic acids, wherein truncated DNA molecules as well as DNA molecules of full length are synthesized simultaneously and exponentially between two positions on the said DNA molecule, which initially contains a DNA molecule in a thermocycling reaction, a first primer, a second primer, a reaction buffer, a thermostable DNA polymerase, a thermostable pyrophosphatase (optionally), deoxynucleotides or derivatives thereof and a dideoxynucleotide or derivatives thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, direct sequencing of RNA can be performed using one polymerase having a Tabor-Richardson mutation, or a functional derivative thereof, and reverse transcriptase activity. In a more preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, direct sequencing of RNA can be performed in one step, in one vessel.

Abstract: An outboard engine system includes a case member which is disposed below an engine body and integrally provided with an oil pan opening upwards, and a passage wall extending vertically to define an exhaust gas passage through which an exhaust gas flows. A portion of an outer wall of the case member is formed by the passage wall, and a recess is provided in the outer wall of the case member with a portion of the passage wall facing the recess. The recess is covered with a plate member fixed to the outer wall of the case member, and a cooling water passage, through which cooling water flows, is defined between the plate member and the recess. Thus, the passage wall integral with the oil pan is cooled effectively, while avoiding increases in size and weight.

Abstract: A control system for a direct injection spark ignition engine connected to an automatic transmission that modifies engine power in accordance with a selected one of shift programs (a normal mode for improved fuel economy and a power mode for improved performance). A torque required by the engine is determined based on the detected engine speed and the engine load in accordance with characteristics corresponding to the selected shift program. And, an engine operation mode is determined to one of three modes including a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio operation mode in which a desired air/fuel ratio is set to a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio and two lean-bum operations mode in which the desired air/fuel ratio is set to be leaner than the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. The desired air/fuel ratio is used to correct the fuel injection amount to be supplied to the engine.

Abstract: A coupling coefficient measuring method for a semiconductor memory capable of directly measuring a coupling coefficient in an actual cell without employing a specific test structure including a non-floating gate electrode or the like is obtained. In this coupling coefficient measuring method for a semiconductor memory, first and second subthreshold currents are measured by changing a drain voltage and increasing a source voltage and thereafter a first source voltage corresponding to a first value of the first: subthreshold current and a second source voltage corresponding to a second value of the second subthreshold current equal to the first value are read while the ratio of the difference between the first drain voltage and the second drain voltage to the difference between the first source voltage and the second source voltage is calculated.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy in a regenerative mode, and an electric energy storage unit connected through a drive control circuit to the electric motor, for storing electric energy. The control system has a regenerative quantity determining unit which includes first, second, and third first regenerative quantity establishing units. The first regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a first regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a vehicle speed of the hybrid vehicle when the supply of fuel to the engine is stopped upon deceleration of the hybrid vehicle. The second regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a second regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a remaining capacity of the electric energy storage unit.

Abstract: An IC card (80) has a communication module (20) embedded in a core member (30). The communication module (20) has a contact terminal (24), an antenna (60) and an IC chip (82) mounted on the same circuit board (22) for making the assembly work easier. The contact terminal (24) is formed at an upper surface of the circuit board (22) to be exposed from an opening (26a) of a surface material (26). The antenna (60) and the IC chip (82) are provided to a lower surface of the circuit board (22) to indirectly face the contact terminal (24). The IC chip (82) automatically adjusts the resonance frequency of the antenna (60) such that an output from the antenna (60) has the maximum value constantly.

Abstract: The present invention automatically provides a title of a recording medium such as a tape cassette in a manner that service data of a broadcast program extracted by a data extraction circuit 6 is analyzed at a digital data analysis section 91, and when a title of the program is obtained by the analysis section, the program title is registered in a memory 8 as a title of the recording medium such as a tape cassette currently being recorded.