Abstract: Provided is a method for partitioning a block in inter prediction including selecting one standard reference frame from at least one reference frame which is a comparison target in inter prediction, searching whether or not a higher-level macroblock of a current frame is partitioned based on the selected standard reference frame, determining a partition size of the higher-level macroblock of the current frame, searching whether or not the higher-level macroblock in which the partition size is determined is partitioned by comparing with any certain reference frame other than the standard reference frame, and stopping a block size search on the higher-level macroblock of the current frame if a partition size of the higher-level macroblock of the current frame determined by comparing with the standard reference frame and a partition size of the higher-level macroblock of the current frame determined by comparing with the certain reference frame are different from each other.

Abstract: There is provided a method of fabricating a semiconductor including: forming a first and a second bipolar transistors on a semiconductor substrate; forming a dummy layer on, or on the periphery of, at least one region of the emitter region, the base region, or the collector region of the second bipolar transistor and on an area surrounding a contact region for establishing an electrical connection to the outside in the at least one of the emitter region, the base region, or the collector region; forming an insulation layer so as to cover the first bipolar transistor, the second bipolar transistor, and the dummy layer; forming, together with the insulation layer and in a contact region of each region of the first bipolar transistor and the second bipolar transistor, a contact hole for establishing contact with each of those regions; and embedding a conductive member in the contact holes.

Abstract: A belt unit includes an endless belt that transports a recording medium thereon. The endless belt has a Young's modulus in the range of 3.5?Y?7.0. The endless belt is disposed about a plurality of rollers, and runs about the rollers. The endless belt has a thickness such that 0.0025?Y×T3?0.007 where Y is the Young's modulus and T is the thickness. A cleaning member removes deposits from the surface of the endless belt. The belt unit may also operate as a transfer unit and include a cleaning member disposed about a plurality of rollers. The cleaning member removes deposits from the surface of the endless belt. An image forming apparatus may include the belt unit or transfer unit.

Abstract: Provided is a polarization coding quantum cryptography system. The quantum cryptography includes a light source, a quantum channel, an optical path selector, and a path-dependent polarization selector. The light source generates a signal light. The quantum channel is used as a path to transmit the signal light to a receiver unit. The optical path selector is disposed between the light source and the quantum channel to transmit the signal light to one of a plurality of propagation paths. The path-dependent polarization selector is disposed between the optical path selector and the quantum channel. Herein, the path-dependent polarization selector is configured to determine the polarization direction of the signal light according to the propagation path of the signal light.

Abstract: An information processing system is supplied capable of holding a security; and transferring an output authority which is had by a transfer source portability terminal to a transfer destination portability terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a natural adhesive using garlic and a fabricating method thereof, and, more particularly to a very preservative, adhesive, nonpoisonous and high-performance natural adhesive, which is a chemical-free natural adhesive using garlic with high antibiosis as a major ingredient, capable of efficiently preventing a variety of damages due to volatile organic compounds by employing no chemicals throughout the whole fabricating procedures, and a fabricating method thereof. In detail, the present invention provides a natural adhesive using garlic fabricated by filtering and concentrating an extracted liquid obtained from a mixture of pulverized garlic and water.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus reads the image of an original document. An original document reading section scans an original document to read the image of an original document. A scanned data producing section produces scanned data based on the image read from the original document. A communication section receives a read command from the external apparatus, the read command containing a first item of identification information and a command to read the image from the original document, and transmits scanned data produced in the scanned data producing section to the external apparatus. A user inputs a second item of identification information through an inputting section. If the first item of identification information and the second item of identification information coincide, then a controller allows the original document reading section to scan the original document.

Abstract: A multi-loop antenna structure and a hand-held electronic device using the same are provided. The multi-loop antenna structure includes a high-frequency radiating body, a low-frequency radiating body, a feeding connecting part and a grounding connecting part. The feeding connecting part electrically connects one terminal of the high-frequency and the low-frequency radiating body to a feeding point. The grounding connecting part grounds the other terminal of the high-frequency and the low-frequency radiating body. The feeding connecting part forms a first folded loop antenna with the high-frequency radiating body and the grounding connecting part for resonating at a first frequency band. The feeding connecting part forms a second folded loop antenna with the low-frequency radiating body and the grounding connecting part for resonating at a second, a third and a fourth frequency band. The first folded loop antenna and the second folded loop antenna are folded for forming a three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A synchronized CDM communication system performs 1-to-N communication by CDM between a central office and first to N-th optical network units (ONU). The synchronized CDM communication system adds structural elements for realizing a connection state acquisition section to a conventional synchronized CDM communication system. A central office includes a presence check section, a ranging processing section and the connection state acquisition section. The presence check section checks the ONUs that are connected with the central office and the ONUs that are not connected. The ranging processing section performs transmission timing adjustments for the ONUs that are connected. The connection state acquisition section verifies whether all of ONUs are connected with the central office, and performs a discovery of a ONU, among the ONUs that were not connected at the time of the check, that has resumed participation in communication since the check ended.

Abstract: A lock detector for a phase lock loop (PLL) includes: first and second pulse width extenders, performing pulse width extension on first and second pulses for generating third and fourth pulses, respectively; first and second delay circuits, delaying the third and the fourth pulses into first and second sampling clocks, respectively; and a cross-sampling circuit, sampling the third pulse based on the second sampling clock and sampling the fourth pulse based on the first sampling clock to indicate whether the PLL is locked.

Abstract: A developer storing container includes a developer storing body having a first opening, and a shutter member capable of taking a closing position and an opening position to close and open the first opening. The shutter member includes a first seal member including a seal portion provided along the first opening and an extending portion extending from the seal portion in the opening direction of the shutter member. A distance from an end portion of the first opening in the opening direction to an end of the extending portion when the shutter member is in the closing position is longer than a distance of an end portion of an exposable portion of the first seal member (exposed via the first opening when the shutter member is in the closing position) when the shutter member moves from the closing position to the opening position.

Abstract: A vehicle, such as a motorcycle, can include an exhaust pipe connected to a back or rear side of an engine of the vehicle. A rear cushioning member can be provided between the engine and a rear wheel of the vehicle. The exhaust pipe can include a front portion that extends from the engine backward on one side of the rear cushioning member, with respect to a widthwise direction of the vehicle, and a transverse portion that extends, in a direction substantially transverse to a lengthwise direction of the vehicle, from the one side to another side, between the rear cushioning member and the rear wheel.

Abstract: A vehicle shroud can include a frontward portion, an intermediate portion, and a rearward portion. The vehicle shroud can have formed therein at least one opening extending in a substantially front-to-rear direction. A substantially horizontal portion of a front fender of the vehicle can be located frontward of, and be substantially aligned with, the opening. The vehicle can be a motorcycle, for example.

Abstract: A light-emitting element array has a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting elements such as light-emitting thyristors with anode, cathode, and gate terminals. The anode terminal of each light-emitting element is connected to a driving circuit. The cathode terminal is grounded. The gate terminals of at least some of the three-terminal light-emitting elements are driven from a common buffer, and within this group of three-terminal light-emitting elements, the anode terminals are driven individually. This enables the array of three-terminal light-emitting elements to be driven in essentially the same way as an array of two-terminal light-emitting elements, but without the need for large power transistors between the cathode terminals and ground.

Abstract: A developer storing container includes a developer storing portion having a developer outlet opening at a substantially longitudinal center portion, and an agitation member rotatable about a rotation axis to thereby agitate and eject the developer via the developer outlet opening. The agitation member includes a mounting portion with a mounting surface along the rotation axis, and an elongated flexible member having first and second ends. The flexible member is mounted to the mounting portion at the first end so that the second end defines a sliding end portion at which the flexible member slides in a sliding direction. Both longitudinal end portions of the sliding end portion of the flexible member slide along the inner surface of the developer storing container, ahead of a substantially longitudinal center portion of the sliding end portion in the sliding direction, and are inclined with respect to a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method of a compound semiconductor solar cell. The method includes; preparing a substrate on which a back electrode is disposed, and sputtering a metal target to form a copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) thin film on the back electrode under an indium (In) deposition gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A spread-spectrum circuit including an inverter, a current source, a control unit and a shaping circuit is provided. An input terminal of the inverter receives an original clock signal. The current source is coupled to a current transmission terminal of the inverter. The control unit includes a control circuit, and changes the current magnitude of the current source according to the original clock signal to control the charging/discharging speed of an output terminal of the inverter, so that the output terminal outputs a voltage signal. The shaping circuit shapes the voltage signal into a spread-spectrum clock signal.

Abstract: Provided is a loop filter which receives first and second currents whose current ratio is n (where n is a natural number). The loop filter includes a first-order filter path, a second-order filter path, and a third-order filter path. The first-order filter path includes an operational amplifier generating an output impedance by increasing by as much as n times an impedance of a second input node to which the second current is applied. The first-order filter path performs a first-order filtering on the first current applied to a first input node by using the operational amplifier. The second-order filter path performs a second-order filtering on the first current applied to the first input node. The third-order filter path performs a third-order filtering on the first current applied to the first input node.

Abstract: An ink ribbon cartridge includes an ink replenishing configuration. An ink ribbon is housed in a housing. An ink replenishing member replenishes ink into the ink ribbon. An ink storing member holds a supply of the ink, the ink storing member being movable either to a first position where the ink storing member contacts the ink replenishing member and supplies the ink to the ink replenishing member or a second position where the ink storing member does not contact the ink replenishing member and does not supply the ink to the ink replenishing member.