Abstract: Molybdenum compositions suitable for improving the properties of lubricants and fuels comprise the reaction product of molybdenum and a polyamine Mannich reaction product, a polyamine hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid compound reaction product, and the oxidized and/or sulfurized reaction products thereof.

Abstract: Suspended black carbonaceous material contained in aqueous ammonium polyphosphate solutions, which are derived from impure wet-process phosphoric acid, is removed by mixing such a solution with ionic, water soluble, organic polymers, holding the mixture until the suspended carbonaceous material flocculates and floats to the surface, and separating the flocculated carbonaceous material from the resulting clarified ammonium polyphosphate solution.

Abstract: Suspended black carbonaceous material contained in aqueous ammonium polyphosphate solutions, which are derived from impure wet-process phosphoric acid, is removed by mixing such a solution with ionic, water soluble, high polymers having a molecular weight in excess of one million, holding the mixture until the suspended material flocculates and floats to the surface, and separating the flocculated carbonaceous material from the resulting clarified ammonium polyphosphate solution.

Abstract: Low molecular weight alkanoic acids and alkanoate anions thereof, particularly acetic acid and acetate ion, are effective in enhancing the ability of nitrogen fertilizers to promote plant growth and productivity.

Abstract: Small amounts of a promoter comprising palladium and ruthenium enhance the combustion of carbon monoxide within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without simultaneously causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The palladium-ruthenium promoter also enhances the capture of sulfur oxides by suitable absorbents within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The ratio by weight on an elemental metal basis of palladium to ruthenium is from about 0.1 to about 10.

Abstract: A process for the control of sulfur oxide emissions from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit which involves circulating solid particles through the process cycle which comprise cracking catalyst and a regenerable sulfur oxide absorbent, absorbing sulfur oxides with the particles in the regeneration zone, withdrawing a stream of particles from the regeneration zone and passing the stream to a reducing zone, contacting the particles in the reducing zone with a reducing gas to release absorbed sulfur oxides as a sulfur-containing gas, and returning the stream to the inventory of solid particles which is circulated between the reaction and regeneration zones. The reducing gas comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbons, and the process conditions in the reducing zone can be adjusted to optimize the release of absorbed sulfur oxides.

Abstract: A dispersion of up to about 70 weight percent elemental sulfur in an aqueous ammonia solution of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of soluble zinc and magnesium compounds has reduced corrosive activity toward ferrous metal. The atomic ratio of zinc and/or magnesium to sulfur is from about 0.0002 to about 0.1 and the mole ratio of ammonia to metal compound is from about 0.1 to about 200.

Abstract: Small amounts of a promoter comprising palladium and ruthenium enhance the combustion of carbon monoxide within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without simultaneously causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The palladium-ruthenium promoter also enhances the capture of sulfur oxides by suitable absorbents within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The ratio by weight on an elemental metal basis of palladium to ruthenium is from about 0.1 to about 10.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons comprising two independent transfer line reactors, each of which is associated with an independent cyclone separation system and wherein the cyclone separation systems are located within a common reactor vessel. The apparatus is suitable for use in the simultaneous fluidized catalytic cracking of dissimilar hydrocarbon feedstocks without commingling either the feedstocks or the products therefrom.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with homogeneous or non-homogeneous, regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a molecular sieve-type cracking catalyst, comprising a cracking catalyst matrix containing crystalline aluminosilicate distributed throughout said matrix and (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with sulfur oxides in the regeneration zone.

Abstract: A dispersion of up to about 70 weight percent elemental sulfur in an aqueous ammonia solution of at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of soluble zinc and magnesium compounds has reduced corrosive activity toward ferrous metal. The atomic ratio of zinc and/or magnesium to sulfur is from about 0.0002 to about 0.1 and the mole ratio of ammonia to metal compound is from about 0.1 to about 200.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting chemical reactions in the presence of fluidized solids comprising at least one centrifugal separator for removing entrained solids from effluent gas, a dip-leg depending from the separator for returning separated solids to the fluidized system, and a unidirectional valve at the lower end of the dip-leg which is protected from erosion damage by a conical shroud.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a cracking catalyst, (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with a sulfur oxide to form a metal- and sulfur-containing compound in the solid particles, and (3) a metallic oxidation promoter.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with homogeneous or non-homogeneous, regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a molecular sieve-type cracking catalyst, comprising a cracking catalyst matrix containing crystalline aluminosilicate distributed throughout said matrix and (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with a sulfur oxide to form a metal- and sulfur-containing compound in the solid particles. The method involves regeneration of the cracking catalyst in the presence of a metallic oxidation promoter which can also be a component of the solid particles.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with homogeneous or non-homogeneous, regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a molecular sieve-type cracking catalyst, comprising a cracking catalyst matrix containing crystalline aluminosilicate distributed throughout said matrix and (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with sulfur oxides in the regeneration zone.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of ammonium thiosulfate, ammonia and at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of the oxides and salts of copper, zinc and manganese provides a source of sulfur, nitrogen and micronutrient metals for fertilizer use.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with homogeneous or non-homogeneous, regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a molecular sieve-type cracking catalyst, comprising a cracking catalyst matrix containing crystalline aluminosilicate distributed throughout said matrix and (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with sulfur oxides in the regeneration zone.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with homogeneous or non-homogeneous, regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a molecular sieve-type cracking catalyst, comprising a cracking catalyst matrix containing crystalline aluminosilicate distributed throughout said matrix and (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with a sulfur oxide to form a metal- and sulfur-containing compound in the solid particles. The method involves regeneration of the cracking catalyst in the presence of a metallic oxidation promoter which can also be a component of the solid particles.

Abstract: A cyclic, fluidized catalytic cracking process providing reduced emissions of noxious effluents in regeneration zone flue gases is operated with homogeneous or non-homogeneous, regenerable, fluidized, solid particles which are circulated throughout the catalytic cracking process cycle and which comprise (1) a molecular sieve-type cracking catalyst, comprising a cracking catalyst matrix containing crystalline aluminosilicate distributed throughout said matrix and (2) a metallic reactant which reacts with sulfur oxides in the regeneration zone.

Abstract: A cyclic fluidized catalytic cracking process is operated with a cracking catalyst which is modified with one or more metal oxides capable of reacting with sulfur oxides in the regeneration zone wherein the catalyst is regenerated under conditions which result in substantially complete conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Tail gases and flue gases from refinery furnaces which contain carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides are conveyed to the regeneration zone where they are scrubbed by the modified catalyst. The sulfur oxides are absorbed and the carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide in the regeneration zone.