Abstract: The invention relates to a method for machining thin sheets and thin-walled, single or two-fold curved, three-dimensionally shaped sheets, plates, or shells, in particular, by material-removing machining methods, such as milling and drilling. In the method, a vacuum, surface tension is produced, which is large enough to fix the position of the workpiece, by using a vacuum over a layer acting as a distributor or a diffuser on the surface of the workpiece to be machined. The distributor or diffuser is made up of a thin-walled, completely or partially air-permeable, heat-reactive layer. The workpiece is then machined, and a cutting speed and rate of feed is adjusted, such that a defined local heating takes place in a contact area between the tool and workpiece. The peak temperature at the contact area is greater or the same as a melting temperature of the surface of the distributor or diffuser.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling a hot gas that contains solid particles, comprising heat exchanger tubes through which the hot gas flows, with the tubes being surrounded by a casing, and with ends of the tubes being welded, via weld seams, into bores of respective tube plates disposed at the ends of the casing. A protective layer coats the end face of the gas inlet side tube plate, an inner wall of the bores, the weld seams, and an inlet region of the heat exchanger tubes. The protective layer comprises a metallic adhesive layer, a high temperature and erosion resistant ceramic layer, and a high temperature and erosion resistant metal layer disposed between the adhesive layer and the ceramic layer.

Abstract: In a first embodiment, a dynamic computer system security method and system using dynamic encryption and full synchronization between system nodes. A data record created by a source user is encrypted with an initial dynamic session key. A new dynamic session key is generated based upon a data record and a previous dynamic session key. A central authority is used to synchronize and authenticate both source and destination users with constantly regenerated dynamic authentication keys. In a second embodiment, a method of providing dynamic security authentication between wireless communication network nodes. An initial authentication key and an address are assigned to certain of the nodes. The address along with information encrypted by the initial authentication key is sent to an authentication server. The authentication server and node or nodes synchronously regenerate authentication keys based upon the initial authentication key. Secure handovers occur between nodes via an authentication key.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alarm and control system for at least one switch cabinet that can be opened and closed by an operator. Said switch cabinet comprises an electroactuated locking unit (17) for locking and releasing its door lock and a plurality of modules (12, 13, 14, 15, 16) that are interlinked via a data-exchange data bus (11) and that comprise respective signal-processing microprocessors. Said modules have a closed scope of functions, independently process the signals supplied to them and emit a decision signal as the result of processing.

Abstract: A conveyor for hot material comprising a conveying unit for conveying the hot material, a material delivery unit for delivering the hot material to the conveying unit, a housing for covering at least a portion of the length of the conveying unit, introduction devices disposed in the housing for furnishing water to the hot material on the conveying unit, wherein the introduction devices are disposed exclusively in a section of the housing that in the conveying direction is remote from the material delivery unit, and an exhaust unit connected to the material delivery unit for withdrawal of water vapor, generated by the furnishing of water, to produce a water vapor stream that is counter to the conveying direction of the hot material and is directed toward the material delivery unit.

Abstract: An optical emission spectrometer for analysis, identification or identity testing of metallic materials, and a method for optical emission analysis of metallic materials with a spectrometer, wherein the spectrometer has at least one arc or spark generator for producing a discharge between an electrode and a workpiece in a spark stand chamber of the generator. A cleansing apparatus for air about the discharge includes a pump for feeding air into the spark stand chamber, and a container through which air can flow. The container contains an alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or another substance that binds CO2 present in air.

Abstract: A cutting blade for a motor-driven implement is provided. The cutting blade has a main body having a central fastening opening and blade sections that extend approximately radially from the main body. The blade sections have edges that extend in a radial direction and form cutting edges. Each blade section is provided with at least one bead-like embossment having a longitudinal axis that extends at an angle of between 0 and 45° relative to a longitudinal direction of the blade section.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine having a piston reciprocalbly mounted in a cylinder in which a combustion chamber is formed. In prescribed positions of the piston, the combustion chamber communicates with a crankcase via at least one transfer channel. A portion of an intake channel for supplying fuel/air mixture and combustion air is formed in a carburetor, in which is pivotably mounted a butterfly valve for controlling the flow cross-section of the intake channel. A fuel opening opens into the intake channel portion, and downstream of the carburetor the intake channel is divided into a mixture channel and an air channel. A mechanism is disposed on the butterfly valve to increase the speed of flow in the carburetor in the vicinity of the fuel opening.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a 2-stage charge loading includes a connection conduit with a supercharger intercooler provided between the compressors of the low pressure stage and high pressure stage. The supercharger intercooler is configured via a cooling unit in the charge air guiding connection conduit between the compressor of the ATL-low pressure stage and the compressor of the ATL-high pressure stage having a cooling medium flowing therethrough as well as by a specially configured section of the connection conduit. The connection conduit in this section forms with its wall the outer wall of the supercharger intercooler and delimits an air through-put volume sufficient to effect, via a cooling medium flowing through the cooling unit, an acceptable cooling of charge air flowing through the cooling unit that is built into the connection conduit.

Abstract: A gearbox mechanism is provided for a twin screw extruder having two screw shafts disposed at an angle to one another. The gear mechanism has a multi-stage reduction gearbox, and a distribution gearbox having two output lines connectable to the screw shafts. A first output line comprises a through output shaft. An angularly movable coupling, which is fixed against rotation, is disposed in a second output line placed at the angle of the screw shafts, relative to the first output line, via the coupling. A drive gear of the reduction gearbox is disposed between, and is in engagement with, a gear on the output shaft and a gear on a partial shaft of the second output line. A reduction gearbox and distribution gearbox are disposed, without spatial separation, in a common interior space of a multi-part gearbox housing.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for joining together substrates, which have an inner hole, to form a substrate disk. An expandable element is introducible into the inner hole of at least two superimposed substrates. The element is expandable to such an extent that it can come into contact with the inner holes of both of the substrates to close off an intermediate space formed between the substrates relative to the environment. A substrate support is rotatable about an axis of rotation perpendicular to a support surface thereof. A centering device is rotatably coupled with the substrate support and is movable relative thereto in the direction of the axis of rotation. The expandable element is disposed, and is compressible, between the substrate support and the centering device.

Abstract: A manually operated implement such as a chainsaw, parting-off grinder or similar device is provided and has an internal combustion engine to drive a tool, an air cleaning unit and a tank housing. The tank housing is a cast part and a fuel tank is located in the tank housing. A simple, advantageous design of the tank housing is achieved when at least one housing part of the air cleaning unit is formed on the tank housing.

Abstract: A belt lock is provided and has a lock holder that is rotatably mounted on a vehicle part. A restoring spring, as a flat spiral spring, has spiral spring windings that are disposed in a single plane and are disposed between a cover and the lock holder. The spiral spring biases the lock holder into a rest position of the belt lock, and has one end supported against the lock holder and another end supported against the cover. The cover has a first radially extending extension for the outer end of the spring, and a second extension as a stop for restoring of the lock holder.

Abstract: A vehicle steering system having a steering handle for steering at least one wheel is provided, and includes an arrangement for applying torque to the steering handle and a sensor for detecting applied steering torque. The arrangement generates a return torque, as a function of the steering angle, for driving the steering handle into a central position. During a first driving state in which applied steering torque is above a threshold value, the function curve of the return torque increases monotonically and no return torque is generated at a steering angle of zero. During a second driving state in which applied steering torque is below the threshold value, the arrangement generates a return torque that is greater than that given by the function curve in the first driving state, at least at small steering angles.

Abstract: A feed device for supplying solid urea granules into an ammonia generator arranged within or outside of an exhaust line for production of ammonia makes possible NOx reduction with the catalytic purification of exhaust of an internal combustion engine, gas turbine, or a burner, whereby the solid urea granules are stored in a holding tank. No compressed air support for transporting and metering the urea granules is required and transporting and metering of the urea granules adapted to the ammonia specifications is possible. The feed device has a housing with an inlet for supplying the urea granules and internally, a motor-driven, rotating disk with at least one spiral-shaped acceleration channel, as well as an outlet leading outward, to which a tube leading to the ammonia generator is connected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microcontact structure for epiretinal or cortical contacting of nerve tissue for a vision prosthesis in mammals or human beings. Due to the fact that the thickness of the surface of the microcontacts (2) is not constant along the surface of the microcontact structure, the resolution can be adapted to physiological requirements.

Abstract: A device for reshaping human or animal bone with bone replacement material includes at least two spaced apart implants and a bar connected to the at least two spaced apart implants and bridging at least one reshaping location. The bar has notches at the longitudinal sides and transverse grooves at the underside. The bar has slotted holes extending in the longitudinal direction of the bar for receiving the implants, respectively, fasteners of the implants.